Introduction to Psychology PSYC 1101
... – Variable: anything that varies (weight, temperature, ratings on a stress survey) ...
... – Variable: anything that varies (weight, temperature, ratings on a stress survey) ...
Lectures 8 & 9 - Operant Conditioning
... • Consciousness is a proper subject matter for psychology but it is not an explanation of behavior. It is what has to be explained (e.g., Tom hit Bill because Tom felt angry). – Why did Tom feel angry? – How did Tom know he was angry? • Consciousness vs. Awareness: –Animals are aware of objects (but ...
... • Consciousness is a proper subject matter for psychology but it is not an explanation of behavior. It is what has to be explained (e.g., Tom hit Bill because Tom felt angry). – Why did Tom feel angry? – How did Tom know he was angry? • Consciousness vs. Awareness: –Animals are aware of objects (but ...
Now you see it: frontal eye field responses to invisible targets
... flashed target regardless of the monkey’s subsequent report. This result raises several interesting issues. First, it constrains the possible neuronal mechanisms underlying backward masking. In contrast to proposals that masking is mediated by the early visual system, perhaps even by the retina, the ...
... flashed target regardless of the monkey’s subsequent report. This result raises several interesting issues. First, it constrains the possible neuronal mechanisms underlying backward masking. In contrast to proposals that masking is mediated by the early visual system, perhaps even by the retina, the ...
- WW Norton & Company
... comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces that response. • A typical Pavlovian experiment involves – Conditioning trials: neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired to produce a reflex (e.g., salivation). • Neutral stimulus: anything the anima ...
... comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces that response. • A typical Pavlovian experiment involves – Conditioning trials: neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired to produce a reflex (e.g., salivation). • Neutral stimulus: anything the anima ...
ACTION POTENTIALS
... become very positively charged (up to +40 millevolts). This is depolarization. Potassium leaves the neruon at this point, due to the repelling polarity of positive sodium ions. After this the channels close, and the sodium pumps remove sodium ions from the membrane this repolarizes the membrane to a ...
... become very positively charged (up to +40 millevolts). This is depolarization. Potassium leaves the neruon at this point, due to the repelling polarity of positive sodium ions. After this the channels close, and the sodium pumps remove sodium ions from the membrane this repolarizes the membrane to a ...
Operant Conditioning (BF Skinner)
... If, when an organism emits a behaviour (does something), the consequences of that behaviour are reinforcing, it is more likely to emit (do) it again. What counts as reinforcement, of course, is based on the evidence of the repeated behaviour, which makes the whole argument rather circular. Learning ...
... If, when an organism emits a behaviour (does something), the consequences of that behaviour are reinforcing, it is more likely to emit (do) it again. What counts as reinforcement, of course, is based on the evidence of the repeated behaviour, which makes the whole argument rather circular. Learning ...
Chapter 5: Learning
... and higher-order learning. • Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment). • Predict how practice, schedules of reinforcement, and motivation will influence quality of learning. • Interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning ...
... and higher-order learning. • Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment). • Predict how practice, schedules of reinforcement, and motivation will influence quality of learning. • Interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning ...
operant conditioning (part ii)
... Ivan Pavlov, Legacy in Conditioning Pavlov dedicated many of his studies to conditioning, it was a phenomenon that captured his attention and triggered his experiments. Pavlov’s work paved the way for objective conditioning principles and their practical applications. Pavlov’s classical conditi ...
... Ivan Pavlov, Legacy in Conditioning Pavlov dedicated many of his studies to conditioning, it was a phenomenon that captured his attention and triggered his experiments. Pavlov’s work paved the way for objective conditioning principles and their practical applications. Pavlov’s classical conditi ...
PSYC2011 Exam Notes Instrumental conditioning • Also called
... - Spontaneous recovery: occurs if you finish extinction session, then start responding again as if you had never gone through extinction - Reinstatement: previously extinguished association returns after the unsignalled presentation of an unconditioned stimulus - Rapid reacquisition: acquiring respo ...
... - Spontaneous recovery: occurs if you finish extinction session, then start responding again as if you had never gone through extinction - Reinstatement: previously extinguished association returns after the unsignalled presentation of an unconditioned stimulus - Rapid reacquisition: acquiring respo ...
Classical Conditioning - Anoka
... reinforcement schedule that rewards an unpredictable number of correct responses • This schedule is very resistant to extinction. • Sometimes called the “gambler’s schedule”; similar to a slot machine ...
... reinforcement schedule that rewards an unpredictable number of correct responses • This schedule is very resistant to extinction. • Sometimes called the “gambler’s schedule”; similar to a slot machine ...
Chapter 6 - Learning
... • Generalization the capacity to respond to stimuli similar to the CS • Discrimination- the capacity to distinguish between the CS and irrelevant stimuli ...
... • Generalization the capacity to respond to stimuli similar to the CS • Discrimination- the capacity to distinguish between the CS and irrelevant stimuli ...
Reflex Arc - WordPress.com
... Reflexes are automatic - don’t have to think about them Message doesn’t have to go to brain for response to occur, sent directly to spinal cord Since there is no processing, reactions can be very quick ...
... Reflexes are automatic - don’t have to think about them Message doesn’t have to go to brain for response to occur, sent directly to spinal cord Since there is no processing, reactions can be very quick ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... required. In the case of binocular rivalry, interest has centred on the question of whether or not the rivalry is truly eye-related (early) or percept-related (late) [3,27, 29,30,31]. It is increasingly clear that both forms of rivalry may be predominant under different conditions. In one recent e ...
... required. In the case of binocular rivalry, interest has centred on the question of whether or not the rivalry is truly eye-related (early) or percept-related (late) [3,27, 29,30,31]. It is increasingly clear that both forms of rivalry may be predominant under different conditions. In one recent e ...
Classical Conditioning Worksheet #2
... reflex-like responses to things. Below, explain the situation being described in terms of classical conditioning. For each description, identify or suggest the US, UR, CS, CR, as well as the principles likely to be at work. 1. While caring for a friends dog, you notice that it displays a fear-like p ...
... reflex-like responses to things. Below, explain the situation being described in terms of classical conditioning. For each description, identify or suggest the US, UR, CS, CR, as well as the principles likely to be at work. 1. While caring for a friends dog, you notice that it displays a fear-like p ...
Artificial Neuron Network Implementation of Boolean Logic Gates by
... McCulloch & Pitts (McCulloch, 1943) are generally recognized as being the designers of the first neural network. They recognized that combining many simple processing units together could lead to an overall increase in computational power. Many of their suggested ideas are still in use today. For in ...
... McCulloch & Pitts (McCulloch, 1943) are generally recognized as being the designers of the first neural network. They recognized that combining many simple processing units together could lead to an overall increase in computational power. Many of their suggested ideas are still in use today. For in ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... Three types of steady state neuron responses First, we considered the case when the time-varying stimuli had steady state stimulus statistics, that is, how action potential generation depended on the stimulus’s statistical properties when those properties were fixed, i.e. they did not change in time ...
... Three types of steady state neuron responses First, we considered the case when the time-varying stimuli had steady state stimulus statistics, that is, how action potential generation depended on the stimulus’s statistical properties when those properties were fixed, i.e. they did not change in time ...
10th CBSE {SA - 1} Revision Pack Booklet - 6
... (i) They help in coordinating the activities of our body, (ii) Hormones regulate several functions in the human body like growth, metabolic activities and reproduction 7. Define 'nerve impulse'. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a nerve impulse? (a)Towards the cell body. (b) Away from the ...
... (i) They help in coordinating the activities of our body, (ii) Hormones regulate several functions in the human body like growth, metabolic activities and reproduction 7. Define 'nerve impulse'. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a nerve impulse? (a)Towards the cell body. (b) Away from the ...
Learning and Behaviour- Core course of BSc
... long after it’s been learned through operant conditioning? a) Continuous c) Either A and B b) Intermittent d) Neither A nor B 47. What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus? a. Stimulus discrimination b. Stimulus generalization ...
... long after it’s been learned through operant conditioning? a) Continuous c) Either A and B b) Intermittent d) Neither A nor B 47. What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus? a. Stimulus discrimination b. Stimulus generalization ...
download file
... a given stimulus was estimated by adding all of the areas of the penetrations that responded, divided by the total area of A1. This measure allows higher sampling of cortical regions of particular interest without introducing bias into group data because densely sampled regions result in smaller pol ...
... a given stimulus was estimated by adding all of the areas of the penetrations that responded, divided by the total area of A1. This measure allows higher sampling of cortical regions of particular interest without introducing bias into group data because densely sampled regions result in smaller pol ...
Operant Conditioning
... Reinforcement has a contingent effect, increasing behavior, while punishment or even non-reinforcement will decrease behavior When reinforcement and responses are independent, or noncontingent, then learned helplessness results ...
... Reinforcement has a contingent effect, increasing behavior, while punishment or even non-reinforcement will decrease behavior When reinforcement and responses are independent, or noncontingent, then learned helplessness results ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... in Figs. 2a and 3a, which share the same value of f2 but differ in the value of f1, show that the neurons’ responses to the second stimulus were strongly modulated by f1. This is true even though f1 had been applied 3 s earlier, and information about f1 is not maintained throughout the delay period ...
... in Figs. 2a and 3a, which share the same value of f2 but differ in the value of f1, show that the neurons’ responses to the second stimulus were strongly modulated by f1. This is true even though f1 had been applied 3 s earlier, and information about f1 is not maintained throughout the delay period ...
Chapter 8
... Classical Conditioning 5. On his first day at work at the Joy Ice Cream Shop, Arnold helped himself and overdid it. He got sick and swore he’d never eat ice cream again. True to his word, he stayed off the stuff for the rest of the summer, though he continued working at the shop. For a while it was ...
... Classical Conditioning 5. On his first day at work at the Joy Ice Cream Shop, Arnold helped himself and overdid it. He got sick and swore he’d never eat ice cream again. True to his word, he stayed off the stuff for the rest of the summer, though he continued working at the shop. For a while it was ...
Reinforcement learning in populations of spiking neurons
... reward signal becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron. We found that learning speeds up with increasing population size if, in addition to global reward, feedback about the population response modulates synaptic plasticity. The role of neuronal populations in encoding s ...
... reward signal becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron. We found that learning speeds up with increasing population size if, in addition to global reward, feedback about the population response modulates synaptic plasticity. The role of neuronal populations in encoding s ...
SG-Ch 7 ANSWERS
... rattling sound with the food. Rattling is therefore a conditioned, or learned, stimulus, and salivation in response to this rattling is a learned, or conditioned, response. 15. acquisition; one-half second 16. does not 17. survive; reproduce 18. neutral; conditioned; higher-order conditioning 19. ex ...
... rattling sound with the food. Rattling is therefore a conditioned, or learned, stimulus, and salivation in response to this rattling is a learned, or conditioned, response. 15. acquisition; one-half second 16. does not 17. survive; reproduce 18. neutral; conditioned; higher-order conditioning 19. ex ...
Heading 1 (Arial 14): Title, grouped style
... As expected, there was no changing state effect on this task (e.g., Beaman & Jones, 1997), but a clear deviation effect was evident (again regardless of the auditory background on which it took place). Indeed, deviation effects have been found in a range of other non-order based tasks including spee ...
... As expected, there was no changing state effect on this task (e.g., Beaman & Jones, 1997), but a clear deviation effect was evident (again regardless of the auditory background on which it took place). Indeed, deviation effects have been found in a range of other non-order based tasks including spee ...