SR associations, their extinction, and recovery in an animal model of
... CS, which, if repeatedly presented without the US, will decrease its potential to elicit fear responding. This associative model has received extensive attention from researchers principally because exposure therapy is one of the most empirically supported treatments in psychotherapy (Chambless et a ...
... CS, which, if repeatedly presented without the US, will decrease its potential to elicit fear responding. This associative model has received extensive attention from researchers principally because exposure therapy is one of the most empirically supported treatments in psychotherapy (Chambless et a ...
Method and theory in the study of avoidance
... The prevailing view in America had reversed itself in the 10 years between Hull's paper and Mowrer's. Hull's original account was strictly Pavlovian, and now his junior colleague was arguing that Pavlov was wrong and that the crucial paradigm was Thorndike's, although he preferred to relate his view ...
... The prevailing view in America had reversed itself in the 10 years between Hull's paper and Mowrer's. Hull's original account was strictly Pavlovian, and now his junior colleague was arguing that Pavlov was wrong and that the crucial paradigm was Thorndike's, although he preferred to relate his view ...
Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy
... McCord and McCord characterized psychopathic criminals as cold, vicious, and predatory. Writers of Cleckley’s era concerned with psychopathy in criminal samples also highlighted cruelty and aggressiveness as features. Lindner (1944) characterized criminal psychopaths as truculent and antagonistic. C ...
... McCord and McCord characterized psychopathic criminals as cold, vicious, and predatory. Writers of Cleckley’s era concerned with psychopathy in criminal samples also highlighted cruelty and aggressiveness as features. Lindner (1944) characterized criminal psychopaths as truculent and antagonistic. C ...
chapter 6 - learning
... When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as a. stimulus generalization b. stimulus discrimination c. spontaneous recovery d. extinction Which of the following is not ...
... When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as a. stimulus generalization b. stimulus discrimination c. spontaneous recovery d. extinction Which of the following is not ...
CHAPTER 6 - LEARNING - EXAM
... c. optic disk d. lens The correct order that auditory information travels as sounds enter the ear is from the auditory canal to a. cochlea - oval window - ossicles - eardrum b. cochlea - ossicles - oval window - eardrum c. eardrum - ossicles - oval window - cochlea d. eardrum - oval window - ossicle ...
... c. optic disk d. lens The correct order that auditory information travels as sounds enter the ear is from the auditory canal to a. cochlea - oval window - ossicles - eardrum b. cochlea - ossicles - oval window - eardrum c. eardrum - ossicles - oval window - cochlea d. eardrum - oval window - ossicle ...
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in
... followed by rewarding stimulus – Negative reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus • Escape learning • Avoidance learning ...
... followed by rewarding stimulus – Negative reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus • Escape learning • Avoidance learning ...
c. operant conditioning.
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...
Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning induce similar
... Associative learning allows animals to make predictions about the outcome of events in their environment. Several forms of associative learning can be distinguished depending on the nature of the events associated and on the valence of reinforcements involved (Staddon 1983). Taking into account rein ...
... Associative learning allows animals to make predictions about the outcome of events in their environment. Several forms of associative learning can be distinguished depending on the nature of the events associated and on the valence of reinforcements involved (Staddon 1983). Taking into account rein ...
Acquisition of Behavioral Avoidance
... The costs of avoidance are partly related to the loss of positive consequences for approach (Dymond & Roche, 2009). Situations avoided by anxious individuals usually contain incentives or rewards, which are missed due to avoidance (Kashdan, Elhai, & Breen, 2008). Anxious individuals are often explic ...
... The costs of avoidance are partly related to the loss of positive consequences for approach (Dymond & Roche, 2009). Situations avoided by anxious individuals usually contain incentives or rewards, which are missed due to avoidance (Kashdan, Elhai, & Breen, 2008). Anxious individuals are often explic ...
Schultz 10e IMTB Chapter 09
... exercise,” where the more frequently an animal responds in a particular way, the more the response is associated with a particular situation. Thorndike has been hailed as “one of psychology’s most productive and influential figures.” As an example of independent simultaneous discovery, another key f ...
... exercise,” where the more frequently an animal responds in a particular way, the more the response is associated with a particular situation. Thorndike has been hailed as “one of psychology’s most productive and influential figures.” As an example of independent simultaneous discovery, another key f ...
Opponent interactions between serotonin and dopamine
... have been performed, it has been hard to find clear correlates for anything other than very general aspects of motor arousal. Nevertheless, based largely on pharmacological investigations, there have been some valiant attempts to suggest general theories for some aspects of serotonergic functioning. ...
... have been performed, it has been hard to find clear correlates for anything other than very general aspects of motor arousal. Nevertheless, based largely on pharmacological investigations, there have been some valiant attempts to suggest general theories for some aspects of serotonergic functioning. ...
Chapter 6 Learning
... questions about animal learning. This tradition was abandoned when it was found to be impossible to answer questions about how intelligent different animal species are. Early behaviorists believed that it might be possible to determine the basic laws of learning by studying how animals learn. ...
... questions about animal learning. This tradition was abandoned when it was found to be impossible to answer questions about how intelligent different animal species are. Early behaviorists believed that it might be possible to determine the basic laws of learning by studying how animals learn. ...
On Some Research-Community Contributions to the Myth and
... could more reasonably be attributed to the performance-reinforcement contingency, thereby allowing the inference that the phenomenon of instrumental conditioning had occurred with this nonbiological reinforcer. It is of interest to note that Kimmel's early work on instrumental autonomic (GSR) condit ...
... could more reasonably be attributed to the performance-reinforcement contingency, thereby allowing the inference that the phenomenon of instrumental conditioning had occurred with this nonbiological reinforcer. It is of interest to note that Kimmel's early work on instrumental autonomic (GSR) condit ...
Social Referencing as a Learned Process
... activities are seen as conditionable instrumental responses that are cued by maternal! caregiver expressions and shaped and maintained by the ensuing consequences (in the form of reinforcing or aversive stimulus events). Thus, our thesis in this chapter is twofold: First, on the assumption that mat ...
... activities are seen as conditionable instrumental responses that are cued by maternal! caregiver expressions and shaped and maintained by the ensuing consequences (in the form of reinforcing or aversive stimulus events). Thus, our thesis in this chapter is twofold: First, on the assumption that mat ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constant. If the average rate changes at some point, then there will be a c ...
... records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constant. If the average rate changes at some point, then there will be a c ...
Temporal contingency
... objectively justifiable answer to the question, “How many not-USs and how many not-CSs were there and when did they occur?” One approach to dealing with this problem is to suppose that the brain divides continuous time into a continual sequence of discrete “trials.” This is what Rescorla and Wagner ...
... objectively justifiable answer to the question, “How many not-USs and how many not-CSs were there and when did they occur?” One approach to dealing with this problem is to suppose that the brain divides continuous time into a continual sequence of discrete “trials.” This is what Rescorla and Wagner ...
More on the evolution of imitation
... time the animal sees an act executed, or (c) the mirror neuron is activated only after an observation/execution association is built up over time. Developmental work with infant monkeys would help to clarify the origins of mirror neurons. Imitation and experience I have been using the word “imitatio ...
... time the animal sees an act executed, or (c) the mirror neuron is activated only after an observation/execution association is built up over time. Developmental work with infant monkeys would help to clarify the origins of mirror neurons. Imitation and experience I have been using the word “imitatio ...
Voyages in Development, Second Edition, Spencer A. Rathus
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
Report of the
... Psychosocial: Only a single psychosocial intervention has been supported by research: Behavior Therapy/Management. Behavior Therapy/Management is relatively short term, has been delivered or directed by a variety therapists and showed large effects in those studies reporting degree of change. It wou ...
... Psychosocial: Only a single psychosocial intervention has been supported by research: Behavior Therapy/Management. Behavior Therapy/Management is relatively short term, has been delivered or directed by a variety therapists and showed large effects in those studies reporting degree of change. It wou ...
Unit 6 Practice Test
... conditioning b. B. F. Skinner's studies on intermittent b. events that it does not control. c. primary and secondary reinforcers. schedules of reinforcement c. Martin Seligman's research on learned d. its own behavior and resulting outcomes. e. positive and negative reinforcers. helplessness d. John ...
... conditioning b. B. F. Skinner's studies on intermittent b. events that it does not control. c. primary and secondary reinforcers. schedules of reinforcement c. Martin Seligman's research on learned d. its own behavior and resulting outcomes. e. positive and negative reinforcers. helplessness d. John ...
Behaviorism
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
lecture 16
... Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect In addition to behavioral effects of extinction, there are also emotional effects (i.e. frustration response) The most important variable that determines the magnitude of both the behavioral and emotional effects of an extinction procedure is the schedule of ...
... Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect In addition to behavioral effects of extinction, there are also emotional effects (i.e. frustration response) The most important variable that determines the magnitude of both the behavioral and emotional effects of an extinction procedure is the schedule of ...
Unit 6 Learning Open Book Practice Answer Section
... 35. An integrated understanding of associative learning in terms of genetic predispositions, culturally learned preferences, and the predictability of certain associations is most clearly provided by a. Pavlov's experiments. b. Watson's behaviorism. c. a biopsychosocial approach. d. the law of effec ...
... 35. An integrated understanding of associative learning in terms of genetic predispositions, culturally learned preferences, and the predictability of certain associations is most clearly provided by a. Pavlov's experiments. b. Watson's behaviorism. c. a biopsychosocial approach. d. the law of effec ...