Introduction - National Autism Conference
... discriminative control over motor responses. • Within this line of research these results were replicated using motor responses and automated and laboratory equipment. • DeMyer and Ferster (1962) extended their work beyond the laboratory to include the control of some general behaviors of psychotic ...
... discriminative control over motor responses. • Within this line of research these results were replicated using motor responses and automated and laboratory equipment. • DeMyer and Ferster (1962) extended their work beyond the laboratory to include the control of some general behaviors of psychotic ...
The role of behavior in evolution: a search for mechanism
... response to a specific stimulus (e.g., territorial intrusion by a conspecific competitor), but at the same time, it can be developmentally plastic if an individual’s level of aggression (e.g., the rate at which they attack the intruder) is highly consistent in adulthood because it was determined ear ...
... response to a specific stimulus (e.g., territorial intrusion by a conspecific competitor), but at the same time, it can be developmentally plastic if an individual’s level of aggression (e.g., the rate at which they attack the intruder) is highly consistent in adulthood because it was determined ear ...
Extended Definition of Anger
... physiological study is likely to remain. Knowing, for example, that under stress, as in an angry condition, there is a decrease of lymphocytes in the blood but an elevation of free fatty acid avails the moralist nothing. Knowing that anger can contribute to destructive behavior, however, provides so ...
... physiological study is likely to remain. Knowing, for example, that under stress, as in an angry condition, there is a decrease of lymphocytes in the blood but an elevation of free fatty acid avails the moralist nothing. Knowing that anger can contribute to destructive behavior, however, provides so ...
Second-order conditioning in Drosophila
... radically altered the scientific investigation of the phenomenon of learning and memory (Pavlov, 1927). In his book, Pavlov describes in detail many of the properties of what is now commonly known as classical conditioning or first-order conditioning (FOC). Classical conditioning is a form of learni ...
... radically altered the scientific investigation of the phenomenon of learning and memory (Pavlov, 1927). In his book, Pavlov describes in detail many of the properties of what is now commonly known as classical conditioning or first-order conditioning (FOC). Classical conditioning is a form of learni ...
video slide - Cardinal Newman
... • In male stickleback fish, the stimulus for attack behavior is the red underside of an intruder • When presented with unrealistic models, as long as some red is present, the attack ...
... • In male stickleback fish, the stimulus for attack behavior is the red underside of an intruder • When presented with unrealistic models, as long as some red is present, the attack ...
Text - ETH E
... In Pavlov’s experiment, the salivation response of the dog does not influence the food delivery. Consequently, the TD model computes predictive signals but does not select optimal actions. In contrast, instrumental learning paradigms, such as learning to press a lever for food delivery, demonstrate ...
... In Pavlov’s experiment, the salivation response of the dog does not influence the food delivery. Consequently, the TD model computes predictive signals but does not select optimal actions. In contrast, instrumental learning paradigms, such as learning to press a lever for food delivery, demonstrate ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment
... 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations, social learning theories of dependency (and attachment), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment. "Object relations," "dependency," and "atta ...
... 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations, social learning theories of dependency (and attachment), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment. "Object relations," "dependency," and "atta ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review
... of the newborn, the ego psychologists do not claim total lack of differentiation. All acknowledge constitutional "givens" or Anlage, which are genetically determined beginnings of more complex processes which will mature later. But they view the newborn's responses, even the most complex, as tied to ...
... of the newborn, the ego psychologists do not claim total lack of differentiation. All acknowledge constitutional "givens" or Anlage, which are genetically determined beginnings of more complex processes which will mature later. But they view the newborn's responses, even the most complex, as tied to ...
AP Psychology Syllabus
... well as give examples of these, such as generalization, higher order conditioning, etc. 4. Describe Watson's views of behaviorism as well as his Little Albert study. 5. Describe Rescorla's research and how it demonstrated the role of cognitive processes in classical conditioning. 6. Discuss Garcia's ...
... well as give examples of these, such as generalization, higher order conditioning, etc. 4. Describe Watson's views of behaviorism as well as his Little Albert study. 5. Describe Rescorla's research and how it demonstrated the role of cognitive processes in classical conditioning. 6. Discuss Garcia's ...
Chapter 7 File
... Instrumental (Operant) Conditioning • A behavioral theory of learning based on a trial-and-error process, with habits forced as the result of positive experiences (reinforcement) resulting from certain responses or behaviors. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ...
... Instrumental (Operant) Conditioning • A behavioral theory of learning based on a trial-and-error process, with habits forced as the result of positive experiences (reinforcement) resulting from certain responses or behaviors. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... spatial location, non-contingently with respect to the animal’s behaviour. A second stimulus (CS-) is also presented, but never followed by delivery of food. ...
... spatial location, non-contingently with respect to the animal’s behaviour. A second stimulus (CS-) is also presented, but never followed by delivery of food. ...
System
... Classic conditioning (Pavlov, Watson) Explains behavior as a learned response Unconditioned st. Reflecs ...
... Classic conditioning (Pavlov, Watson) Explains behavior as a learned response Unconditioned st. Reflecs ...
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum
... for dopamine in reward-related associative learning; these findings are formalized in the associative learning hypothesis (Hollerman and Schultz 1998; Ljungberg et al. 1992; Schultz 1998, 2002). Specifically, Schultz and colleagues showed that, in untrained monkeys, random and unexpected presentatio ...
... for dopamine in reward-related associative learning; these findings are formalized in the associative learning hypothesis (Hollerman and Schultz 1998; Ljungberg et al. 1992; Schultz 1998, 2002). Specifically, Schultz and colleagues showed that, in untrained monkeys, random and unexpected presentatio ...
Counterconditioning of an Overshadowed Cue Attenuates
... hypothesis that biologically significant stimuli are protected from cue competition effects, using stimuli of inherent or acquired biological significance. In one experiment, subjects received overshadowing treatment with overshadowed and overshadowing cues of either high intensity (i.e., inherently ...
... hypothesis that biologically significant stimuli are protected from cue competition effects, using stimuli of inherent or acquired biological significance. In one experiment, subjects received overshadowing treatment with overshadowed and overshadowing cues of either high intensity (i.e., inherently ...
Ch 12 Anxiety
... interval between S-r and S-R, although specific care was taken so that the bar pressing response was not immediately followed by shock (otherwise it would be punishment). As the experiment progressed through successive pairings of these two stimuli, the depression became more and more marked. Intere ...
... interval between S-r and S-R, although specific care was taken so that the bar pressing response was not immediately followed by shock (otherwise it would be punishment). As the experiment progressed through successive pairings of these two stimuli, the depression became more and more marked. Intere ...
Consumer Behavior, 10e (Schiffman/Kanuk)
... individuals to gain some control over their environment B) conditioned learning results when a stimulus that is paired with another stimulus that elicits a known response serves to produce the same response when used alone C) a person's level of involvement during message processing is a critical fa ...
... individuals to gain some control over their environment B) conditioned learning results when a stimulus that is paired with another stimulus that elicits a known response serves to produce the same response when used alone C) a person's level of involvement during message processing is a critical fa ...
Facial Expression Recognition, Fear Conditioning, and Startle
... Confusion matrices showing which emotion labels were selected if the target emotion was misidentified are provided in Table S1A and Table S1B in Supplement 1. The anger and disgust recognition deficits were still significant (both p ⫽ .03; r ⫽ .30 and r ⫽ .31, respectively) after equating groups on ...
... Confusion matrices showing which emotion labels were selected if the target emotion was misidentified are provided in Table S1A and Table S1B in Supplement 1. The anger and disgust recognition deficits were still significant (both p ⫽ .03; r ⫽ .30 and r ⫽ .31, respectively) after equating groups on ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... long-projecting GABAergic neurons in the mPFC and tested whether these projections to the NAcc can modulate behavior. The authors identified cortical GABAergic projections by infusing a viral vector containing channelrhodopsin (AAVDIO-ChR2-EYFP) into the mPFC of Dlxi12b-Cre mice to selectively targe ...
... long-projecting GABAergic neurons in the mPFC and tested whether these projections to the NAcc can modulate behavior. The authors identified cortical GABAergic projections by infusing a viral vector containing channelrhodopsin (AAVDIO-ChR2-EYFP) into the mPFC of Dlxi12b-Cre mice to selectively targe ...
Psychological and economic considerations of rewards programs
... operant conditioning is called positive reinforcement. If the consequences of behavior are the removal of an unpleasant consequence thereby making the desired behavior more likely to be repeated, then the operant conditioning is referred to as negative reinforcement. Punishment and extinction are tw ...
... operant conditioning is called positive reinforcement. If the consequences of behavior are the removal of an unpleasant consequence thereby making the desired behavior more likely to be repeated, then the operant conditioning is referred to as negative reinforcement. Punishment and extinction are tw ...
1st Semester Final Exam "Cliff Notes" Review Sheet (Units 1-7)
... Why aren’t intuition and common sense enough to provide information about people’s thoughts and behaviors? What are hindsight and overconfidence? 4-2 Scientific attitude and critical thinking What are 3 main components of the scientific attitude? Who is James Randi? What is critical thinking? Module ...
... Why aren’t intuition and common sense enough to provide information about people’s thoughts and behaviors? What are hindsight and overconfidence? 4-2 Scientific attitude and critical thinking What are 3 main components of the scientific attitude? Who is James Randi? What is critical thinking? Module ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... single 15-min session with the cue light above the food receptacle illuminated. Every 5 s, one pellet (45 mg pellets, Bioserv, Frenchtown, USA) was delivered. On the following 6 days, rats learned in one daily session to associate the brightness of the predictive stimulus, i.e., bright or dim, provi ...
... single 15-min session with the cue light above the food receptacle illuminated. Every 5 s, one pellet (45 mg pellets, Bioserv, Frenchtown, USA) was delivered. On the following 6 days, rats learned in one daily session to associate the brightness of the predictive stimulus, i.e., bright or dim, provi ...
c. operant conditioning.
... a. It is ineffective if it is not delivered immediately after the undesirable behavior. b. Physical punishment sends the message that aggressive behavior is appropriate. c. It tends to change behavior very slowly. d. Punishment does not suggest which alternative behaviors might be more desirable. An ...
... a. It is ineffective if it is not delivered immediately after the undesirable behavior. b. Physical punishment sends the message that aggressive behavior is appropriate. c. It tends to change behavior very slowly. d. Punishment does not suggest which alternative behaviors might be more desirable. An ...
Repeated cocaine effects on learning, memory and extinction in the
... were trained 3 days later. No changes were found between the two groups for learning or memory of the operant mol·l–1 cocaine behavior. However, snails treated with 0.1· demonstrated impairment of extinction memory during reinstatement of the behavior compared with controls. Our findings suggest t ...
... were trained 3 days later. No changes were found between the two groups for learning or memory of the operant mol·l–1 cocaine behavior. However, snails treated with 0.1· demonstrated impairment of extinction memory during reinstatement of the behavior compared with controls. Our findings suggest t ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... We further examined the microstructure of learning by analyzing the number of times the animal made an erTo investigate the role of neural activity in the NAcc shell ror and then chose the correct lever on the next trial, divided by in different phases of their responses, rats were subjected to opto ...
... We further examined the microstructure of learning by analyzing the number of times the animal made an erTo investigate the role of neural activity in the NAcc shell ror and then chose the correct lever on the next trial, divided by in different phases of their responses, rats were subjected to opto ...
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning (also, “instrumental conditioning”) is a learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences. For example, a child may learn to open a box to get the candy inside, or learn to avoid touching a hot stove. In contrast, classical conditioning causes a stimulus to signal a positive or negative consequence; the resulting behavior does not produce the consequence. For example, the sight of a colorful wrapper comes to signal ""candy"", causing a child to salivate, or the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis.