How attitudes change
... responses when given an opportunity to evaluate a given stimulus. Ideally, variations in response times allow researchers to discover hidden attitudes (Smith and Mackie, 2007). According to Schwarz and Bohner (2001), attitudes may be more stable than previously thought. Even though self-reports are ...
... responses when given an opportunity to evaluate a given stimulus. Ideally, variations in response times allow researchers to discover hidden attitudes (Smith and Mackie, 2007). According to Schwarz and Bohner (2001), attitudes may be more stable than previously thought. Even though self-reports are ...
Conditioned Response Evoked by Nicotine Conditioned Stimulus
... Nicotine has both unconditioned and conditioned stimulus properties. Conditioned stimulus properties of nicotine may contribute to the tenacity of nicotine addiction. The purpose of this experiment was to use neurohistochemical analysis of rapidly developing c-Fos protein to elucidate neurobiologica ...
... Nicotine has both unconditioned and conditioned stimulus properties. Conditioned stimulus properties of nicotine may contribute to the tenacity of nicotine addiction. The purpose of this experiment was to use neurohistochemical analysis of rapidly developing c-Fos protein to elucidate neurobiologica ...
Likes by Flavour–Flavour Learning
... factors. Nonetheless, within the normal physiological boundaries of satiety and hunger one may argue that people simply eat what they like and avoid foods they do not like (Eertmans et al. 2001). Such hedonic eating behaviour is particularly apparent in children. For example, in the early twentieth ...
... factors. Nonetheless, within the normal physiological boundaries of satiety and hunger one may argue that people simply eat what they like and avoid foods they do not like (Eertmans et al. 2001). Such hedonic eating behaviour is particularly apparent in children. For example, in the early twentieth ...
Course-3
... others, “Learning may be thought of as the progressive change in behavior which is associated on the one hand with successive presentations of a situation, and, on the other, with repeated efforts of the individual to react to it effectively.” School learning can only take place if there is a defini ...
... others, “Learning may be thought of as the progressive change in behavior which is associated on the one hand with successive presentations of a situation, and, on the other, with repeated efforts of the individual to react to it effectively.” School learning can only take place if there is a defini ...
Document
... “Policy”: Bee’s plan of action Assume: choices or actions a are taken at random, according to a probabilistic “policy”: p(a = yellow) = 0.5 p(a = blue) = 0.5 p(a = blue) + p(a = yellow) = 1 ...
... “Policy”: Bee’s plan of action Assume: choices or actions a are taken at random, according to a probabilistic “policy”: p(a = yellow) = 0.5 p(a = blue) = 0.5 p(a = blue) + p(a = yellow) = 1 ...
Theories of Development
... 19) Which of the following is considered to be the major weakness of psychoanalytic theories? A) They contribute more to our understanding of how learning occurs than to our knowledge of human development. B) Such theories do not explain social, emotional, or personality development. C) Few scientis ...
... 19) Which of the following is considered to be the major weakness of psychoanalytic theories? A) They contribute more to our understanding of how learning occurs than to our knowledge of human development. B) Such theories do not explain social, emotional, or personality development. C) Few scientis ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... lab mid-way though my graduate career. Shmuel, you permitted me to take the lead on your grant project, making a timely completion of my dissertation possible and providing me the opportunity to increase my competency using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, you were also gracious ...
... lab mid-way though my graduate career. Shmuel, you permitted me to take the lead on your grant project, making a timely completion of my dissertation possible and providing me the opportunity to increase my competency using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, you were also gracious ...
General account of selection
... lated background against which selection operates. With respect to the immune system, considerable disagreement exists concerning the mechanism that allows the immune system to react selectively against nonself but not self components (e.g., Silverstein & Rose 1997). Numerous versions of learning th ...
... lated background against which selection operates. With respect to the immune system, considerable disagreement exists concerning the mechanism that allows the immune system to react selectively against nonself but not self components (e.g., Silverstein & Rose 1997). Numerous versions of learning th ...
Coding of feature and no-feature events by pigeons performing a
... confirm the finding that 0-sec-delay performance on foodsample trials is significantly better than that on no-foodsample trials. One explanation for the 0-sec-delay crossover is that the no-food event was somewhat aversive and resulted in a functional delay (imposed by the pigeon) between nofood sam ...
... confirm the finding that 0-sec-delay performance on foodsample trials is significantly better than that on no-foodsample trials. One explanation for the 0-sec-delay crossover is that the no-food event was somewhat aversive and resulted in a functional delay (imposed by the pigeon) between nofood sam ...
2nd Summative Test Practice Exam 2011
... the framing effect. 66. Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears: A) can interfere with the process of learning. B) can be used as negative reinforcers. C) are acquired through observational learning. D) may be produced through classical conditioning. 67. The desire ...
... the framing effect. 66. Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears: A) can interfere with the process of learning. B) can be used as negative reinforcers. C) are acquired through observational learning. D) may be produced through classical conditioning. 67. The desire ...
The Inviability of Narrow Mental Content
... content controls behavior by its very nature, making it indispensable. In contrast, external information, environmental factors, and the like are only passive data without the capacity to regulate behavior. Anti-individualists might reply that environmental factors influence behavior, so narrow cont ...
... content controls behavior by its very nature, making it indispensable. In contrast, external information, environmental factors, and the like are only passive data without the capacity to regulate behavior. Anti-individualists might reply that environmental factors influence behavior, so narrow cont ...
Brood Odor Discrimination Abilities in Hygienic Honey Bees (Apis
... odor (CS⫹) was paired with a sucrose reward (unconditioned stimulus, US⫹) and the other odor (CS⫺) was paired with a salt punishment (US⫺). It was recorded whether or not the bees extended their proboscises to the presentation of the CS before the application of the US. Bees that learned to discrimi ...
... odor (CS⫹) was paired with a sucrose reward (unconditioned stimulus, US⫹) and the other odor (CS⫺) was paired with a salt punishment (US⫺). It was recorded whether or not the bees extended their proboscises to the presentation of the CS before the application of the US. Bees that learned to discrimi ...
Negative learning bias is associated with risk aversion in
... These two observations might be causally related since there was a positive relationship between forced-choice accuracy and negative learning bias. Accordingly, since errors also involve unexpected decreases (omission) of reward, cLH rats may be more sensitive to errors and learn more from them. We ...
... These two observations might be causally related since there was a positive relationship between forced-choice accuracy and negative learning bias. Accordingly, since errors also involve unexpected decreases (omission) of reward, cLH rats may be more sensitive to errors and learn more from them. We ...
Course No: 1. Curriculum for Certificate Course in Acupuncture
... relation to Meridians, five elements, five senses, tissues, physiology, emotions, pain, dreams, etc, 2.9 application of Zang-Fu Theory in Diagnosis, 2.10 ORGAN-CLOVK Theory and its importance, 2.11 the great Five element theory, the law of movement of the five-element in natural, 2.12 Mother-Son law ...
... relation to Meridians, five elements, five senses, tissues, physiology, emotions, pain, dreams, etc, 2.9 application of Zang-Fu Theory in Diagnosis, 2.10 ORGAN-CLOVK Theory and its importance, 2.11 the great Five element theory, the law of movement of the five-element in natural, 2.12 Mother-Son law ...
Sensory Preconditioning in Spatial Learning Using a Touch Screen
... goal could be formed. If associations between LM2 and LM1 and between LM1 and the goal encode spatial information (distance and direction; i.e., a spatial vector), as associations between CS2 and CS1 and between CS1 and the US encode temporal information, then these associative links could be used t ...
... goal could be formed. If associations between LM2 and LM1 and between LM1 and the goal encode spatial information (distance and direction; i.e., a spatial vector), as associations between CS2 and CS1 and between CS1 and the US encode temporal information, then these associative links could be used t ...
Chapter 1
... explanation for why their AAdvantage Marketing Programs will work. • Can you identify the UCS, CS, and the CR in this example? ...
... explanation for why their AAdvantage Marketing Programs will work. • Can you identify the UCS, CS, and the CR in this example? ...
Characteristics of Demagoguery
... Vohs. Vol. 2. T housand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2007. p602-603.). Naïve realism privileges simple explanations (since they are most likely to correspond to direct perception), and increases the tendency toward conf irmation bias (since people tend to perceive more easily and quickly any inf orm ...
... Vohs. Vol. 2. T housand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2007. p602-603.). Naïve realism privileges simple explanations (since they are most likely to correspond to direct perception), and increases the tendency toward conf irmation bias (since people tend to perceive more easily and quickly any inf orm ...
Psychological Altruism
... beneficial actions in the future. This is not necessarily limited to the same species e.g. cleaner fish. If the benefit received is larger than the cost incurred, then individuals who engage in such behaviour will out-reproduce those who do not. ...
... beneficial actions in the future. This is not necessarily limited to the same species e.g. cleaner fish. If the benefit received is larger than the cost incurred, then individuals who engage in such behaviour will out-reproduce those who do not. ...
The complete study guide in PDF format.
... Inside you will find one section for each of the seven units in the course. In each unit there are 20 learning objectives, which are defined by the pages and section headings from the textbook. Under each objective is a list of questions. The answers to the questions are not given here; they can be ...
... Inside you will find one section for each of the seven units in the course. In each unit there are 20 learning objectives, which are defined by the pages and section headings from the textbook. Under each objective is a list of questions. The answers to the questions are not given here; they can be ...
Investigating Anticipatory Behaviours in Lambs
... aim of this thesis was to investigate anticipatory behaviours in lambs; how they are expressed for different future events and if it is possible to distinguish suggested positive emotions from more negative emotions such as frustration and perceived lack of control. The first study investigated how ...
... aim of this thesis was to investigate anticipatory behaviours in lambs; how they are expressed for different future events and if it is possible to distinguish suggested positive emotions from more negative emotions such as frustration and perceived lack of control. The first study investigated how ...
Heredity and Conception Truth or Fiction?
... • Aversive events that decrease the behavior they follow • Usually undesirable for learning – Does not suggest an alternative, acceptable form of behavior – Tends to suppress undesirable behavior only under certain conditions – Punished children may withdraw from the situation – Can create anger and ...
... • Aversive events that decrease the behavior they follow • Usually undesirable for learning – Does not suggest an alternative, acceptable form of behavior – Tends to suppress undesirable behavior only under certain conditions – Punished children may withdraw from the situation – Can create anger and ...
Does Vicarious Instigation Provide Support for Observational
... purporting to produce vicarious instigation do not contain research designs that allow unequivocal inferences regarding theory. Therefore, there is only limited support at this time for observational learning theories from the research in this area. The review is restricted to vicarious instigation ...
... purporting to produce vicarious instigation do not contain research designs that allow unequivocal inferences regarding theory. Therefore, there is only limited support at this time for observational learning theories from the research in this area. The review is restricted to vicarious instigation ...
Voyages in Development, Second Edition, Spencer A. Rathus
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
SOC1 - University of Maiduguri
... influences etc. For example, if an experimenter is interested in the effects of room temperature on examination performance she may administer two comparison tests, one group of "Subjects" be exposed to higher room temperatures might be called the Experimental Group while the second group who might ...
... influences etc. For example, if an experimenter is interested in the effects of room temperature on examination performance she may administer two comparison tests, one group of "Subjects" be exposed to higher room temperatures might be called the Experimental Group while the second group who might ...
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning (also, “instrumental conditioning”) is a learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences. For example, a child may learn to open a box to get the candy inside, or learn to avoid touching a hot stove. In contrast, classical conditioning causes a stimulus to signal a positive or negative consequence; the resulting behavior does not produce the consequence. For example, the sight of a colorful wrapper comes to signal ""candy"", causing a child to salivate, or the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis.