Vipp1: a very important protein in plastids?!
... with significant similarities to Vipp1 have been identified in several non-photosynthetic bacteria (Fig. 1) in form of the phage shock protein A (PspA) (Brissette et al., 1990). PspA was first characterized following infection of Escherichia coli cells with filamentous phages, whereby the phage gene ...
... with significant similarities to Vipp1 have been identified in several non-photosynthetic bacteria (Fig. 1) in form of the phage shock protein A (PspA) (Brissette et al., 1990). PspA was first characterized following infection of Escherichia coli cells with filamentous phages, whereby the phage gene ...
Amino Acid Analysis Amino acid analysis refers to the methodology
... All parameters involved are fully investigated in the scope of the validation work. Sample Preparation. Accurate results from amino acid analysis require purified protein and peptide samples. Buffer components (e.g., salts, urea, and detergents) can interfere with the amino acid analysis and are rem ...
... All parameters involved are fully investigated in the scope of the validation work. Sample Preparation. Accurate results from amino acid analysis require purified protein and peptide samples. Buffer components (e.g., salts, urea, and detergents) can interfere with the amino acid analysis and are rem ...
The Tobacco Homolog of Mammalian Calreticulin
... We wanted to use the specific recognition of ER retention signals by monoclonal antibody 1D3 as a means to identify new soluble ER resident proteins. For that purpose, microsomes were isolated from germinating tobacco seed 4 days after the start of imbibition because this tissue was previously shown ...
... We wanted to use the specific recognition of ER retention signals by monoclonal antibody 1D3 as a means to identify new soluble ER resident proteins. For that purpose, microsomes were isolated from germinating tobacco seed 4 days after the start of imbibition because this tissue was previously shown ...
Biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes in the chloroplast of
... reduced fitness, is viable, suggesting the existence of alternative routes for TA protein insertion in the absence of GET3 (Maggio et al., 2007; Rabu et al., 2009). Although there are bioinformatic predictions of over 400 TA proteins in Arabidopsis, including 138 TA proteins putatively localized in ...
... reduced fitness, is viable, suggesting the existence of alternative routes for TA protein insertion in the absence of GET3 (Maggio et al., 2007; Rabu et al., 2009). Although there are bioinformatic predictions of over 400 TA proteins in Arabidopsis, including 138 TA proteins putatively localized in ...
Expression and purification of proteins using Strep
... between the protein and the tag promotes the accessibility of the tag. The further improved Twin-Strep-tag® is a sequential arrangement of two Strep-tag®II sequences with an internal linker region (total size of 28 aa). This tag enables the same mild and rapid purification as Strep-tag®II but, in ad ...
... between the protein and the tag promotes the accessibility of the tag. The further improved Twin-Strep-tag® is a sequential arrangement of two Strep-tag®II sequences with an internal linker region (total size of 28 aa). This tag enables the same mild and rapid purification as Strep-tag®II but, in ad ...
Emergence of robust growth laws from optimal regulation of
... For example, under balanced exponential growth, the macromolecular composition of Escherichia coli is correlated simply with the growth rate of the culture, largely independent of the specific nutrients in the growth medium (Schaechter et al, 1958; Cooper, 1993; Bremer & Dennis, 1996; Scott et al, 2 ...
... For example, under balanced exponential growth, the macromolecular composition of Escherichia coli is correlated simply with the growth rate of the culture, largely independent of the specific nutrients in the growth medium (Schaechter et al, 1958; Cooper, 1993; Bremer & Dennis, 1996; Scott et al, 2 ...
Lecture 12
... Advantages • Applicable to all types of biological samples; • Effective with very low sample amounts (as low as 1-4 μg of total protein, or 10,000 cells, in a recent report) • No side reactions and byproducts, which are a general problem of chemical labeling. ...
... Advantages • Applicable to all types of biological samples; • Effective with very low sample amounts (as low as 1-4 μg of total protein, or 10,000 cells, in a recent report) • No side reactions and byproducts, which are a general problem of chemical labeling. ...
Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self
... peptides to undergo ordered self-assembly, in a process resembling hydrophobic tails have four or more consecutive hydrophobic amino acids (see figures in refs. 33–35). For example, the peptide V6D some situations found in well-studied polymer assemblies. A broad range of peptides and proteins have ...
... peptides to undergo ordered self-assembly, in a process resembling hydrophobic tails have four or more consecutive hydrophobic amino acids (see figures in refs. 33–35). For example, the peptide V6D some situations found in well-studied polymer assemblies. A broad range of peptides and proteins have ...
Experimental evolution of protein–protein interaction networks
... responses of regulatory networks in bacteria demonstrated that, when disrupted, hubs have a higher tendency to affect the systemlevel robustness [46]. The disruption of hub genes can therefore impose a biochemical and topological defect on a bacterial system. This begs the question as to whether, if ...
... responses of regulatory networks in bacteria demonstrated that, when disrupted, hubs have a higher tendency to affect the systemlevel robustness [46]. The disruption of hub genes can therefore impose a biochemical and topological defect on a bacterial system. This begs the question as to whether, if ...
PROTEIN METABOLISM
... the general nature of the genetic code came from many types of experiments, including genetic experiments on the effects of deletion and insertion mutations. Inserting or deleting one base pair (shown here in the mRNA transcript) alters the sequence of triplets in a nonoverlapping code; all amino ac ...
... the general nature of the genetic code came from many types of experiments, including genetic experiments on the effects of deletion and insertion mutations. Inserting or deleting one base pair (shown here in the mRNA transcript) alters the sequence of triplets in a nonoverlapping code; all amino ac ...
Biology Slide 1 of 39 End Show
... A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. ...
... A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. ...
A Distinct and Parallel Pathway for the Nuclear Import of an mRNA
... RNAs represent a major class of macromolecules exported from the nucleus. Maturation of mRNA is a prerequisite for its export into the cytoplasm. Before its export, mRNA is packaged and undergoes such modifications as splicing, polyadenylation, and capping (for review see Dreyfuss et al., 1993; Naki ...
... RNAs represent a major class of macromolecules exported from the nucleus. Maturation of mRNA is a prerequisite for its export into the cytoplasm. Before its export, mRNA is packaged and undergoes such modifications as splicing, polyadenylation, and capping (for review see Dreyfuss et al., 1993; Naki ...
Functional specialization of Medicago truncatula leaves and
... bypassing the Golgi (Levanony et al. 1992). Recent reviews have summarized the various transport pathways to the PSV, thereby highlighting the typical transport mechanisms that are most prominent in seeds (Vitale and Hinz 2005; Robinson et al. 2005; JolliVe et al. 2005). Several recent reports have ...
... bypassing the Golgi (Levanony et al. 1992). Recent reviews have summarized the various transport pathways to the PSV, thereby highlighting the typical transport mechanisms that are most prominent in seeds (Vitale and Hinz 2005; Robinson et al. 2005; JolliVe et al. 2005). Several recent reports have ...
CH 17 RBC Morphology
... iron portion - Fe2+ recycled non-iron lipid portion – converted to bilirubin - waste – released into blood, secreted by the liver into bile – bile enters intestine, is converted to urobilinogen by bacteria – contributes to urine & feces color ...
... iron portion - Fe2+ recycled non-iron lipid portion – converted to bilirubin - waste – released into blood, secreted by the liver into bile – bile enters intestine, is converted to urobilinogen by bacteria – contributes to urine & feces color ...
Glutathionylation in the Photosynthetic Model Organism
... to protein glutathionylation in vivo remain(s) unclear, whereas the reverse reaction, named deglutathionylation, is likely catalyzed by glutaredoxins, proteins belonging to the TRX family. Glutathionylation appears to play a major role in numerous fundamental cell processes and is implicated in a br ...
... to protein glutathionylation in vivo remain(s) unclear, whereas the reverse reaction, named deglutathionylation, is likely catalyzed by glutaredoxins, proteins belonging to the TRX family. Glutathionylation appears to play a major role in numerous fundamental cell processes and is implicated in a br ...
Evidence for Distinct Amino Acid Transport Systems in
... alanine [1 ]. This indicated the presence of distinct amino acid transport systems. Since the uptake of all amino acids was greatly impaired, it was con cluded that all amino acid carriers of tobacco cells share a common component or, that an inhibitor for all amino acid carriers caused the general ...
... alanine [1 ]. This indicated the presence of distinct amino acid transport systems. Since the uptake of all amino acids was greatly impaired, it was con cluded that all amino acid carriers of tobacco cells share a common component or, that an inhibitor for all amino acid carriers caused the general ...
Plant mitochondria contain the protein translocase subunits TatB
... of 23 kDa (Tim23) proteins were used as controls in the import assays as both are associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. AOX was imported in a membrane-potentialdependent manner and processed to a 32 kDa mature protein that was protease resistant even when the outer membrane was ruptured ...
... of 23 kDa (Tim23) proteins were used as controls in the import assays as both are associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. AOX was imported in a membrane-potentialdependent manner and processed to a 32 kDa mature protein that was protease resistant even when the outer membrane was ruptured ...
Biogenesis of the Protein Storage Vacuole Crystalloid
... (for DIP; Culianez-Macia and Martin, 1993) and are predominantly located in the cytoplasm. As seed development proceeds, these organelles are taken up by PSVs and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from ...
... (for DIP; Culianez-Macia and Martin, 1993) and are predominantly located in the cytoplasm. As seed development proceeds, these organelles are taken up by PSVs and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from ...
Biogenesis of the Protein Storage Vacuole Crystalloid
... (for DIP; Culianez-Macia and Martin, 1993) and are predominantly located in the cytoplasm. As seed development proceeds, these organelles are taken up by PSVs and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from ...
... (for DIP; Culianez-Macia and Martin, 1993) and are predominantly located in the cytoplasm. As seed development proceeds, these organelles are taken up by PSVs and aggregate such that they form the crystalloid in mature seeds. These organelles also represent an intermediate for vesicular traffic from ...
PDF
... appears, however, to differ in several important respects from that in the other mammals that have been studied. Thus, Ekholm & Magnusson (1979) report that rat oocytes, unlike those of the mouse, depend on protein synthesis at or before the resumption of meiosis for subsequent germinal vesicle brea ...
... appears, however, to differ in several important respects from that in the other mammals that have been studied. Thus, Ekholm & Magnusson (1979) report that rat oocytes, unlike those of the mouse, depend on protein synthesis at or before the resumption of meiosis for subsequent germinal vesicle brea ...
NEWS RELEASE Success for Alfa Laval`s membrane separation
... Renström. The production of soy protein is technically advanced and Linyi Shansong Biological Products is one of the leading manufacturers in the world. China is today Alfa Laval’s second largest market and stands for approximately 8 percent of the Group’s total turnover. Alfa Laval has strong posit ...
... Renström. The production of soy protein is technically advanced and Linyi Shansong Biological Products is one of the leading manufacturers in the world. China is today Alfa Laval’s second largest market and stands for approximately 8 percent of the Group’s total turnover. Alfa Laval has strong posit ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.