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CHAPTER 17 17.1 Electric forces 17.2 Coulombs Law 17.3 Electric
CHAPTER 17 17.1 Electric forces 17.2 Coulombs Law 17.3 Electric

... τ = N I L2 sinθ .  For Area  A of  Loop then    τ = N I A B sinθ Figure 20‐24a p682 ...
Answers for Student notes page
Answers for Student notes page

a) Explain the working principle of rectifier diode
a) Explain the working principle of rectifier diode

My Book of Electricity and Magnetism
My Book of Electricity and Magnetism

... different amounts of current in them.  The difference in their current is because of their resistance.  In other words, 40 W light bulbs have a greater resistance (less current than the 100 W bulbs) and therefore give off less light. ...
Electromagnetic Induction 1
Electromagnetic Induction 1

... (c) The brightness of the bulb can be increased by 1. rotating the coil faster. 2. using stronger magnets. 3. winding the coil on a soft iron core. 4. using a coil of larger surface area. 5. using a coil of more number of turns. (any two of the above) ...
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Modeling the Effects of Guest Molecules in Metal

Current and Resistance
Current and Resistance

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Slide 1

... • The magnetic force is exerted on each moving charge in the wire • The total force is the sum of all the magnetic forces on all the individual charges producing the current • F = B I ℓ sin θ – θ is the angle between B and I – The direction is found by the right hand rule, pointing your thumb in the ...
Name: Date: ______ Class
Name: Date: ______ Class

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magnet

Do`s and Don`ts for PCB Layer Stack-up
Do`s and Don`ts for PCB Layer Stack-up

... 2. Signal layer should have at least one adjacent plane without any split. 3. Power and ground layer should be adjacent to each other. 4. High speed signal layer should be sandwich between two ground layer which ...
Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits
Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits

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Electricity, Magnetism, and Motors

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Chapter 7 The compass

x a a = 3.0 cm B = 0.04 T I = 5 A y I 60° 30° C B A
x a a = 3.0 cm B = 0.04 T I = 5 A y I 60° 30° C B A

The Magnetic Field Attraction and Repulsion
The Magnetic Field Attraction and Repulsion

Chp. 22 Outline Induction - Redlands High School
Chp. 22 Outline Induction - Redlands High School

... 6) Two circuits a separate from one another. The first has a DC source connected in series to a switch and a coil of wire. The second has a coil of wire connected to an ammeter. Will a current be induced in the second circuit when the following actions occur: a) the switch is first closed b) the swi ...
Ideas to Implementation by Jonathan Chan
Ideas to Implementation by Jonathan Chan

... In materials that are good insulators, the atoms in the lattice are held by strong covalent bonds in which electron pairs are shared between atoms, which means that the electrons are held tightly and are not available to conduct electricity through the lattice. In some solids, the outer electrons ar ...
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13 magnetic effects of electric current - class 10

... Two separate circuits are used. One is of 15A for appliances with high power rating like gysers, air conditioners etc. The other is of 5A for fans, bulbs etc. The different appliances are connected in parallel so that every appliance gets equal voltage and even if one is switched off the others are ...
Magnetic Anisotropy - Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
Magnetic Anisotropy - Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.

Chemical work
Chemical work

... the chemical potential of component j within phase k. The chemical work, as we will soon see, has the same form as the chemical contribution to the internal energy. The sums account for the chemical energy parameters in each phase of a material. For example, if we consider the two-component, two-pha ...
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PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University

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Chapter 5 Crystal field theory

Position Paper
Position Paper

B - University of Utah Physics
B - University of Utah Physics

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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