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Rickettsial (Spotted and Typhus Fevers) and Related Infections
Rickettsial (Spotted and Typhus Fevers) and Related Infections

... with large homeless populations, impoverished areas or refugee camps, and regions that have recently experienced war or natural disasters, especially during the colder months. Sylvatic epidemic typhus cases occur only from direct contact with flying squirrels or their nesting materials. Sennetsu fev ...
Click to edit Master title style Hepatitis B Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master title style Hepatitis B Click to edit Master title style

...  Estimated 1.2 million people with chronic HBV infection  Estimated 3,000 persons in the United States die from HBV-related illness per year.  Approximately 2,000–4,000 people die every year Source CDC, 2011 and medecinenet.com ...
Louse-borne diseases - ECDC
Louse-borne diseases - ECDC

... On 16 October, Sweden posted an EWRS message aimed at raising awareness about the possibility of Plasmodium vivax malaria infection among refugees from Syria. A Syrian child was diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a Swedish hospital on 8 October. In the ten days before admission, the child ha ...
Swamp Fever, Mountain Fever (tick), Slow Fever, Equine Paludism
Swamp Fever, Mountain Fever (tick), Slow Fever, Equine Paludism

... animals. Occasionally, horses become gravely ill and may die during the acute stage. After the initial bout, most horses become asymptomatic carriers; however, some animals develop recurring clinical signs that vary from mild illness and failure to thrive to fever, depression, petechial hemorrhages ...
1. Concrete aims
1. Concrete aims

... In the contemporary world, the incidence of OML of the jaws has become less, because of the worldwide avail-ability of newer antimicrobials, better awareness, and better dental health care. However, we do come across a few cases of OML; the causes can be attributed to the following: (i) development ...
A Geospatial Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental
A Geospatial Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental

... ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS AND VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES ...
Tick-Borne Ticks
Tick-Borne Ticks

... physicians who are familiar with the disease. The combination of a fever, rash, and history of tick bite is a strong indication, but it is not always easy to detect. People infected with R. rickettsii generally develop symptoms five to ten days after a tick bite, and the symptoms are generally sever ...
Welcome to the Second Annual Infectious
Welcome to the Second Annual Infectious

... Welcome to the Second Annual Infectious Disease Ontology Workshop Generously supported by ...
Microcytic Anemia
Microcytic Anemia

... • Review key aspects of history, physical and laboratory evaluation • Review a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis • http://www.anemia.org/professionals/ • http://www.anemia.org/patients/bonemarrow-basics/ ...
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

... prion diseases are a unique group of neurological disorders that includes CJD, Gerstmann-SträusslerScheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia. Human prion diseases present with progressive neurological symptoms and result in death, usually after a period of several months. There is no cure, alt ...
ICIP Jul 05.qxp
ICIP Jul 05.qxp

... organisms in healthcare settings is methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus (MRSA). This is a very common organism found on the skin and mucous membranes of carriers. Although most carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are healthy and show no ill effects caused by the organism, when it is transmitted ...
Vibrio vulnificus FACT SHEET - Seafood Network Information Center
Vibrio vulnificus FACT SHEET - Seafood Network Information Center

... Primary septicemia occurs after food containing V. vulnificus is consumed and the bacteria invade the bloodstream via the digestive tract. The illness is characterized by fever and chills, and is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. A sharp drop in blood pressure commonly occurs, wi ...
Fact Sheet for Menjugate (Meningococcal-C Vaccine)
Fact Sheet for Menjugate (Meningococcal-C Vaccine)

... Who is eligible to receive the publicly funded vaccine? People who have been in close contact with a person who has IMD-C are at greatest risk of infections. These people are already eligible to receive the meningococcal C-conjugate vaccine free of charge. Also, one-year-old children born on or aft ...
Update on bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Update on bovine spongiform encephalopathy

... incubation period of the disease. However, approximately 36,000 new cases have been diagnosed since the ban, which indicates the ban was not totally effective. Consequently, a ban from feeding any mammalian protein to any farm animal species was implemented in the United Kingdom in 1996. The number ...
Recurrent vulval condtions
Recurrent vulval condtions

... Tx of partners-no proof of efficacy Change the environment: Vinegar douche, boric acid ...
Brucellosis - kau.edu.sa
Brucellosis - kau.edu.sa

... • Aerosolization of fluids, contamination of skin abrasions, and splashing of mucous membranes among slaughterhouse workers , farmers and shepherds. • Veterinarians are usually infected by inadvertent inoculation of animal vaccines against B abortus and B ...
Proctitis - Dr Melissa White
Proctitis - Dr Melissa White

... haemotochezia. The disease may run its natural course of exacerbations and remissions but is usually more prolonged and severe in patients with immunodeficiency disorders. Presentations may resemble dermatitis or decubitus ulcers in debilitated, bedridden patients. A secondary bacterial infection ma ...
Pharyngeal Gonorrhea - San Francisco City Clinic
Pharyngeal Gonorrhea - San Francisco City Clinic

... of available clinic data does raise important questions about the role of pharyngeal gonococcal infection, which is mostly asymptomatic, as a reservoir of infection in the population. The prevalence of gonococcal pharyngeal infection varies according to the population studied and the diagnostic meth ...
rift valley fever contingency plan for the netherlands
rift valley fever contingency plan for the netherlands

... • The Animal Health and Welfare Act • The Dry Rendering Act • The Meat Inspection Act • The Veterinary Practice Act 2.2.1 Notification of Suspected Rift valley fever EU legislation regarding control of animal disease has been implemented in the Animal Health and Welfare Act. Article 15 of the Act de ...
Hepatitis C Update
Hepatitis C Update

... Chronic liver disease, renal failure or dialysis Unvaccinated adults with diabetes ages 19 - 59 years ...
Interim Recommendations on Infection Control for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)... Healthcare Settings
Interim Recommendations on Infection Control for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)... Healthcare Settings

... attributed to EVD are continuously increasing, making this EVD outbreak the most extensive ever recorded in terms of geographical spread and overall number of cases and deaths reported. EVD is transmitted to human through contact with blood, secretions, organs or other body fluids of infected animal ...
Dysregulation of the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor may contribute to
Dysregulation of the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor may contribute to

... A recent increase in autoimmune incidence led Rose to express concern over the possible role that infection might play in exacerbating autoimmune disease, particularly in women.2 Additionally, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has written that chronic infectious agents are emerging as n ...
national high school sports blood rules
national high school sports blood rules

... changed before returning to competition. Such player shall be considered an apparently injured player as in rule 3-5-10a. (Rule 3-5-10a) A time-out occurs when: an apparently injured player is discovered by the official while the ball is dead and the clock is stopped and for whom the ready-for-play ...
osha`s bloodborne pathogens standard 29 cfr part 1910.1030
osha`s bloodborne pathogens standard 29 cfr part 1910.1030

... is infected, or, less commonly (and now very rarely in countries where blood is screened for HIV antibodies), through transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Babies born to HIV-infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding after birth. In the h ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens

... scheduled appointments for serial lab draws ...
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Chagas disease



Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.
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