Environment–KHV–carp–human linkage as a model for
... situation as in Lake Biwa will occur within a few years. Four environmental alterations mediated by humans were considered in this paper: habitat degradation, eutrophication, changes in the food web and decrease in biodiversisty (Fig 1). These factors interact with each other; therefore, the relatio ...
... situation as in Lake Biwa will occur within a few years. Four environmental alterations mediated by humans were considered in this paper: habitat degradation, eutrophication, changes in the food web and decrease in biodiversisty (Fig 1). These factors interact with each other; therefore, the relatio ...
INFECTIOUS AGENT EXCLUSION LIST FOR RATS
... Etiology: 3 major antigenic groups represented by Kilham’s rat virus (KRV or RV), Toolan’s H-1, rat parvovirus (RPV, formerly ROPV, rat orphan parvovirus); conserved nonstructural proteins so IFA for serodetection; small, single strand DNA, nonenveloped. Transmission: oronasal, fomites, transplacent ...
... Etiology: 3 major antigenic groups represented by Kilham’s rat virus (KRV or RV), Toolan’s H-1, rat parvovirus (RPV, formerly ROPV, rat orphan parvovirus); conserved nonstructural proteins so IFA for serodetection; small, single strand DNA, nonenveloped. Transmission: oronasal, fomites, transplacent ...
Heseltine - Texas Department of State Health Services
... High-risk heterosexual men and women MSM Injection drug users Inmates of correctional facilities Health care workers Household and sex partners of persons with chronic infection Hemodialysis patients Recipients of blood products Clients and employees of institution for developmentally disabled Famil ...
... High-risk heterosexual men and women MSM Injection drug users Inmates of correctional facilities Health care workers Household and sex partners of persons with chronic infection Hemodialysis patients Recipients of blood products Clients and employees of institution for developmentally disabled Famil ...
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... three or four days when the animals are turned on pasture and fed new corn. Favorable results have been reported following the feeding of cod-liver oil or leafy alfalfa or other roughage. Farmers are warned not to market animals that show pronounced swellings of the legs-the death loss is small, but ...
... three or four days when the animals are turned on pasture and fed new corn. Favorable results have been reported following the feeding of cod-liver oil or leafy alfalfa or other roughage. Farmers are warned not to market animals that show pronounced swellings of the legs-the death loss is small, but ...
Bacillus anthracis
... • Infective dose = 8,000 - 15,000 spores • Incubation period = 1-6 days • Duration of illness = 3-5 days • Fever, malaise, and fatigue • Short period of improvement = up to 2 ...
... • Infective dose = 8,000 - 15,000 spores • Incubation period = 1-6 days • Duration of illness = 3-5 days • Fever, malaise, and fatigue • Short period of improvement = up to 2 ...
“Dryland Distemper” C. psedotuberculosis Infections in Horses
... products. Presently there is no evidence that diseased horses within a stable should be quarantined, other than paying strict attention to insect control. The feed through products containing cyromazinea (a chitin inhibitor) are safer than organophosphate products and may reduce the incidence of dis ...
... products. Presently there is no evidence that diseased horses within a stable should be quarantined, other than paying strict attention to insect control. The feed through products containing cyromazinea (a chitin inhibitor) are safer than organophosphate products and may reduce the incidence of dis ...
Malaria - Remote Emergency Care
... throughout tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America, and is the strain most likely to be fatal; P. vivax is found worldwide in tropical and some temperate zones; P. ovale is found mainly in tropical West Africa; P. ...
... throughout tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America, and is the strain most likely to be fatal; P. vivax is found worldwide in tropical and some temperate zones; P. ovale is found mainly in tropical West Africa; P. ...
Diseases of musculoskeletal system
... • Septic arthritis is an acute inflammation of one or more joints caused by pyogenic organisms e.g. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Gonococcus, or Meningococcus. * Predisposing factors: – Associates prosthetic joints. – Immunosuppression. – Follow fracture joints. – Complicates rheumat ...
... • Septic arthritis is an acute inflammation of one or more joints caused by pyogenic organisms e.g. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Gonococcus, or Meningococcus. * Predisposing factors: – Associates prosthetic joints. – Immunosuppression. – Follow fracture joints. – Complicates rheumat ...
Lecture 27-Treponema and Borrelia
... – Non-venereal, after contact of traumatized skin with exudate from early yaws lesion – Primary yaws (3-5 weeks) > lesions on the legs >> papular lesions >> enlarge erode and heal spontaneously within 6 months > may erupt weeks or months later. – Secondary lesions > bones (fingers, long bones and ja ...
... – Non-venereal, after contact of traumatized skin with exudate from early yaws lesion – Primary yaws (3-5 weeks) > lesions on the legs >> papular lesions >> enlarge erode and heal spontaneously within 6 months > may erupt weeks or months later. – Secondary lesions > bones (fingers, long bones and ja ...
Viral Hepatitis
... in 1692 and in the British Army in Flanders in 1743.Other epidemics occurred during Boer War in South Africa and in the Japanese Navy.This trend continued during the course of all subsequent ...
... in 1692 and in the British Army in Flanders in 1743.Other epidemics occurred during Boer War in South Africa and in the Japanese Navy.This trend continued during the course of all subsequent ...
File
... • C. botulinum is distributed throughout the environment. The spores find their way into preserved or canned foods with low oxygen levels and nutrients that support growth. • Seven antigenic varieties of toxin (A–G) are known. Types A, B, E, and F are the principal causes of human illness. • Botulin ...
... • C. botulinum is distributed throughout the environment. The spores find their way into preserved or canned foods with low oxygen levels and nutrients that support growth. • Seven antigenic varieties of toxin (A–G) are known. Types A, B, E, and F are the principal causes of human illness. • Botulin ...
Infectious Diseases of Concern by Travel History
... Infectious Diseases of Concern by Travel History The World Meeting of Families (WMoF) 2015 will bring travelers from all over the world to Philadelphia. The healthcare community should be prepared for a surge of patients, as well as a variety of infectious diseases that may not be commonly seen in t ...
... Infectious Diseases of Concern by Travel History The World Meeting of Families (WMoF) 2015 will bring travelers from all over the world to Philadelphia. The healthcare community should be prepared for a surge of patients, as well as a variety of infectious diseases that may not be commonly seen in t ...
40-1 Infectious Disease
... Fighting Infectious Diseases Antibiotics are compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of the human or animal hosts. They work by interfering with cellular processes of microorganisms. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Antiviral drugs have been developed to fight certain viral dise ...
... Fighting Infectious Diseases Antibiotics are compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of the human or animal hosts. They work by interfering with cellular processes of microorganisms. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Antiviral drugs have been developed to fight certain viral dise ...
Host-Pathogen Interactions
... of influenza may only cause a fever and sore throat, while another may cause pneumonia or other serious respiratory condition. Infectivity: The level at which a microorganism is able to infect or invade a host. Transmissibility: The measure of a microorganism’s ability to spread from one host to the ...
... of influenza may only cause a fever and sore throat, while another may cause pneumonia or other serious respiratory condition. Infectivity: The level at which a microorganism is able to infect or invade a host. Transmissibility: The measure of a microorganism’s ability to spread from one host to the ...
How to control cat flu. A guide for breeders and cattery owners
... period of strict isolation from all the other cats in the household. Swabs may be taken by the vet to screen for infection, but latent herpesvirus infections will often be missed. The quarantine period is also important because the stress of re-homing may trigger clinical disease and/or virus sheddi ...
... period of strict isolation from all the other cats in the household. Swabs may be taken by the vet to screen for infection, but latent herpesvirus infections will often be missed. The quarantine period is also important because the stress of re-homing may trigger clinical disease and/or virus sheddi ...
OME (otitis media with effusion)
... (4) intense pain (AOM complication): -extracranial (intratemporal) complication: (1) acute mastoiditis = infection of mastoid air cells (2) facial palsy (paresis) (3) labyrinthitis = light-headedness / loss of balance / nausea -intracranial complication: (1) meningitis = nuchal rigidity / photophobi ...
... (4) intense pain (AOM complication): -extracranial (intratemporal) complication: (1) acute mastoiditis = infection of mastoid air cells (2) facial palsy (paresis) (3) labyrinthitis = light-headedness / loss of balance / nausea -intracranial complication: (1) meningitis = nuchal rigidity / photophobi ...
Zoonotic Diseases
... cat scratch or bite. Typical symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, sore throat, and headaches. Although most patients do not become seriously ill and recover with or without treatment, all cat scratches and bites should be thoroughly cleaned and properly bandaged. Again, always use ...
... cat scratch or bite. Typical symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, sore throat, and headaches. Although most patients do not become seriously ill and recover with or without treatment, all cat scratches and bites should be thoroughly cleaned and properly bandaged. Again, always use ...
C felis - Dr. Brahmbhatt`s Class Handouts
... • Caused by either : – Feline Rhinotracheitis Virus (FVR) (herpes) – Feline Calicivirus (FCV) – Chlamydia felis (C felis) – Viruses (80-90%): herpes and calcivirus (ulcerative stomatitis) virus, bacteria, Modified live vaccines (mild signs in most cases), FeCV, FIV, fungal infection, polyp, piece of ...
... • Caused by either : – Feline Rhinotracheitis Virus (FVR) (herpes) – Feline Calicivirus (FCV) – Chlamydia felis (C felis) – Viruses (80-90%): herpes and calcivirus (ulcerative stomatitis) virus, bacteria, Modified live vaccines (mild signs in most cases), FeCV, FIV, fungal infection, polyp, piece of ...
HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS IN AMARA, S
... frequently site involved than was the other organs. However, the lung is being the next. These findings are in agreement with results of other workers (Mahdi and Benyan, 1990; Dziri, 2001). In contrast, that some of workers recorded the predominance of the lung Hydatid cysts infection over the hepat ...
... frequently site involved than was the other organs. However, the lung is being the next. These findings are in agreement with results of other workers (Mahdi and Benyan, 1990; Dziri, 2001). In contrast, that some of workers recorded the predominance of the lung Hydatid cysts infection over the hepat ...
Lymphadenopathy
... careful history and physical examination. Abnormal: greater than 1 cm Excisional biopsy of the most abnormal node will best enable the pathologist to determine a diagnosis Need biopsy: high risk for malignancy or lymphadenopathy for three to four weeks or highly suspected head and neck malignancy ...
... careful history and physical examination. Abnormal: greater than 1 cm Excisional biopsy of the most abnormal node will best enable the pathologist to determine a diagnosis Need biopsy: high risk for malignancy or lymphadenopathy for three to four weeks or highly suspected head and neck malignancy ...
the reservoir status of goats recovered from heartwater
... Larvae were fed in ear bags; nymphs and adults in flank bags. In this experiment, nymJ.>hS were used 1-6 weeks after moulting. The minimum m a batch of nymphs was 5 ticks, but most batches consisted of 10-100 or more specimens. Nymphs were considered to be infective, and therefore larvae to have bee ...
... Larvae were fed in ear bags; nymphs and adults in flank bags. In this experiment, nymJ.>hS were used 1-6 weeks after moulting. The minimum m a batch of nymphs was 5 ticks, but most batches consisted of 10-100 or more specimens. Nymphs were considered to be infective, and therefore larvae to have bee ...
Brucellosis - 2012royals
... are similar to the flu. Severe infections of the central nervous systems or lining of the heart may occur. ...
... are similar to the flu. Severe infections of the central nervous systems or lining of the heart may occur. ...
Infection Control - Women`s and Children`s Hospital
... Significant contacts traced and may be given prophylaxis ...
... Significant contacts traced and may be given prophylaxis ...
Lecture 9: Tuberculosis
... • More than one-fourth of the nearly 23,000 cases of TB reported in the United States in 1995 developed in people above age 65. • Many elderly patients developed the infection some years ago when the disease was more widespread. • Those living in nursing homes and similar facilities are in close con ...
... • More than one-fourth of the nearly 23,000 cases of TB reported in the United States in 1995 developed in people above age 65. • Many elderly patients developed the infection some years ago when the disease was more widespread. • Those living in nursing homes and similar facilities are in close con ...
Seasonal pattern of chytridiomycosis in common river frog
... its wide distribution, inclusion within many protected areas, and the ability to tolerate some habitat disturbance, this species is not threatened (Channing 2004). Surveys of 12 geographically distinct localities in South Africa conducted during the period 2004–2008 have shown that A. angolensis fro ...
... its wide distribution, inclusion within many protected areas, and the ability to tolerate some habitat disturbance, this species is not threatened (Channing 2004). Surveys of 12 geographically distinct localities in South Africa conducted during the period 2004–2008 have shown that A. angolensis fro ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.