Paull et al. 2012 superspreaders
... Province of China began noticing unusual pneumonia cases that were later identified as the beginning of an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus that causes SARS, which ultimately infected over 8000 people and killed 774, spread from a Hong Kong hotel when infected hotel gu ...
... Province of China began noticing unusual pneumonia cases that were later identified as the beginning of an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus that causes SARS, which ultimately infected over 8000 people and killed 774, spread from a Hong Kong hotel when infected hotel gu ...
literature review renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of
... and used to compare it to other 17 genera of gram positive bacteria. This comparison revealed that R. salmoninarum was most closely related to the high G+C actinomycetes bacteria. A closer examination showed that it was clustered with the soil bacterium Terabacter tumescens, Streptomyces coelicolor ...
... and used to compare it to other 17 genera of gram positive bacteria. This comparison revealed that R. salmoninarum was most closely related to the high G+C actinomycetes bacteria. A closer examination showed that it was clustered with the soil bacterium Terabacter tumescens, Streptomyces coelicolor ...
MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE OF RAMBUTAN
... application of Neemarin 15% (a commercial neem formulation) and neem seed extracts showed moderately high disease severity on fruits as in year 2003. In these treatments, thin white colour mycelia were observed on fruit surfaces but fruits did not become shriveled and blackened. However, these formu ...
... application of Neemarin 15% (a commercial neem formulation) and neem seed extracts showed moderately high disease severity on fruits as in year 2003. In these treatments, thin white colour mycelia were observed on fruit surfaces but fruits did not become shriveled and blackened. However, these formu ...
Prince Edward Island Communicable Disease Annual Report 2009
... The Hepatitis B virus infects liver cells, and similar to Hepatitis C, infection can be acute or chronic. While uncommon, symptoms of acute infection include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash and arthralgia.3 Acute infection is cleared without treatment in 90% of cases. People unable to clea ...
... The Hepatitis B virus infects liver cells, and similar to Hepatitis C, infection can be acute or chronic. While uncommon, symptoms of acute infection include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash and arthralgia.3 Acute infection is cleared without treatment in 90% of cases. People unable to clea ...
parvovirus in pregnancy
... be of low birth weight. The accumulative effects of stress, low socio economic status, exposure to violence, historical trauma, culturally unsafe and discriminatory health services and health systems are all major contributors to the disparities in Aboriginal maternal and birthing outcomes. Despite ...
... be of low birth weight. The accumulative effects of stress, low socio economic status, exposure to violence, historical trauma, culturally unsafe and discriminatory health services and health systems are all major contributors to the disparities in Aboriginal maternal and birthing outcomes. Despite ...
transfusion transmitted infections
... Although the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections today is lower than ever, the supply of safe blood products remains subject to contamination with known and yet to be identified human pathogens. Only continuous improvement and implementation of donor selection, sensitive screening tests and e ...
... Although the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections today is lower than ever, the supply of safe blood products remains subject to contamination with known and yet to be identified human pathogens. Only continuous improvement and implementation of donor selection, sensitive screening tests and e ...
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Information Packet
... exposed to Ebola virus from direct contact with the blood and/or secretions of an infected person. Thus, the virus is often spread through families and friends because they come in close contact with such secretions when caring for infected persons. People can also be exposed to Ebola virus through ...
... exposed to Ebola virus from direct contact with the blood and/or secretions of an infected person. Thus, the virus is often spread through families and friends because they come in close contact with such secretions when caring for infected persons. People can also be exposed to Ebola virus through ...
Student Version Chapter 5 Preventing infection
... Define the following terms: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a government agency under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities. Isolate to keep something separate, or by itself. Standard Precaution ...
... Define the following terms: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a government agency under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities. Isolate to keep something separate, or by itself. Standard Precaution ...
Arthritogenic alphaviruses—an overview
... associated with potentially fatal encephalitic disease in the Americas. The arthritogenic alphaviruses comprise chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), o’nyong-nyong virus (also known as Igbo Ora), the Sindbis group of viruses and Mayaro virus1,2 (Table 1, Figur ...
... associated with potentially fatal encephalitic disease in the Americas. The arthritogenic alphaviruses comprise chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), o’nyong-nyong virus (also known as Igbo Ora), the Sindbis group of viruses and Mayaro virus1,2 (Table 1, Figur ...
Underlying Systemic Conditions for Anterior Uveitis
... antibodies directed against a person's own proteins – Cell nuclei most commonly attacked • these are most commonly anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), which are found in nearly all cases of Lupus. ...
... antibodies directed against a person's own proteins – Cell nuclei most commonly attacked • these are most commonly anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), which are found in nearly all cases of Lupus. ...
epizootic lymphangitis
... H. farciminosum is introduced via open wounds. Transmission generally involves infection of wounds by flies contaminated by feeding on the open wounds of infected animals (1,7). (The organism has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of flies [1]). Incubation Period top The incubation period ...
... H. farciminosum is introduced via open wounds. Transmission generally involves infection of wounds by flies contaminated by feeding on the open wounds of infected animals (1,7). (The organism has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of flies [1]). Incubation Period top The incubation period ...
Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus
... The diagnosis of the index case took approximately three days, while results of the tests for the other confirmed cases were typically available within 24 hours. Samples were also sent to the World Health Organization Reference Laboratory in Dakar, Senegal, for confirmation. All symptomatic contacts ...
... The diagnosis of the index case took approximately three days, while results of the tests for the other confirmed cases were typically available within 24 hours. Samples were also sent to the World Health Organization Reference Laboratory in Dakar, Senegal, for confirmation. All symptomatic contacts ...
The History of Bacteriologic Concepts of Rheumatic Fever and
... Their investigation, begun in 1899, was based on 8 cases of RF, in 3 of whom blood cultures were positive (18). In 5 autopsies positive cultures of tissues did not correlate with the interval from death to examination. Believed to be most important were the finding of a consistent microbe, considere ...
... Their investigation, begun in 1899, was based on 8 cases of RF, in 3 of whom blood cultures were positive (18). In 5 autopsies positive cultures of tissues did not correlate with the interval from death to examination. Believed to be most important were the finding of a consistent microbe, considere ...
Syphilis
... sore lesion, known as the chancre at the site of entry. Common sites of infection usually include the mouth, rectum, genitalia, rectum, and urethra. The chancre has a maximum six week lifespan and ca ...
... sore lesion, known as the chancre at the site of entry. Common sites of infection usually include the mouth, rectum, genitalia, rectum, and urethra. The chancre has a maximum six week lifespan and ca ...
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR
... through contact with water or soil contaminated with urine or other body fluids from infected wild or domestic animals. Exposure of skin or mucous membranes to leptospires can lead to infection.1–3 Clinical signs and symptoms are variable and range from subclinical to potentially fatal manifestation ...
... through contact with water or soil contaminated with urine or other body fluids from infected wild or domestic animals. Exposure of skin or mucous membranes to leptospires can lead to infection.1–3 Clinical signs and symptoms are variable and range from subclinical to potentially fatal manifestation ...
Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease
... problem s to various cancers (W ard et al. 2005). Increases in fo o d p ro d u ctio n associated w ith fertilizer usage can also reduce m aln u tritio n a n d enhance h u m an health (Sanchez a n d S w am in ath an 2005, Sm ith et al. 2005). O u r goal here, how ever, is to explore th e indirect eff ...
... problem s to various cancers (W ard et al. 2005). Increases in fo o d p ro d u ctio n associated w ith fertilizer usage can also reduce m aln u tritio n a n d enhance h u m an health (Sanchez a n d S w am in ath an 2005, Sm ith et al. 2005). O u r goal here, how ever, is to explore th e indirect eff ...
Epidemiology of Diabetes Among Cases of Invasive Bacterial
... dyslipidemia caused by diabetes might predispose diabetics to develop other invasive infections and explain why high frequencies of diabetes were found among the other pathogens of interest. The frequency of diabetes among NM ABCs cases was also higher compared to the general population of NM, in al ...
... dyslipidemia caused by diabetes might predispose diabetics to develop other invasive infections and explain why high frequencies of diabetes were found among the other pathogens of interest. The frequency of diabetes among NM ABCs cases was also higher compared to the general population of NM, in al ...
Canadian Tuberculosis Standards - Canadian Respiratory Guidelines
... and to favour the middle and lower lung zones, which receive most of the ventilation.2 In immunocompetent hosts, it is theorized that alveolar macrophages ingest the M. tuberculosis organisms and may or may not destroy them, depending on the degree to which phagocytosing cells are nonspecifically ac ...
... and to favour the middle and lower lung zones, which receive most of the ventilation.2 In immunocompetent hosts, it is theorized that alveolar macrophages ingest the M. tuberculosis organisms and may or may not destroy them, depending on the degree to which phagocytosing cells are nonspecifically ac ...
عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint
... The median splenic weight in adults is about 150 grams. It is not usually palpable, but may be felt in children, adolescents, and some adults, especially those of asthenic build. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and low diaphragms commonly have palpable spleens The spleen is consi ...
... The median splenic weight in adults is about 150 grams. It is not usually palpable, but may be felt in children, adolescents, and some adults, especially those of asthenic build. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and low diaphragms commonly have palpable spleens The spleen is consi ...
1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont`d
... 1. ____________ (eyes and/or skin), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, stomach or joint pain and fatigue lasting weeks or months 2. The average incubation period (from exposure to symptoms) is approximately ____ months ...
... 1. ____________ (eyes and/or skin), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, stomach or joint pain and fatigue lasting weeks or months 2. The average incubation period (from exposure to symptoms) is approximately ____ months ...
Appendix U Communicable Diseases
... Hypodermic needles and other sharp objects shall be packaged in puncture resistant containers to prevent needle stick injuries. Needles SHALL NOT be capped, bent, broken, removed from the syringe, or otherwise manipulated by hand. ...
... Hypodermic needles and other sharp objects shall be packaged in puncture resistant containers to prevent needle stick injuries. Needles SHALL NOT be capped, bent, broken, removed from the syringe, or otherwise manipulated by hand. ...
T Pinworm
... bedding that contain eggs. These eggs can then spread to food, toys, or other objects that often go into children’s mouths. Eggs can also be dispersed around a room when contaminated articles are shaken, causing the eggs to settle into dust. In ideal conditions, the eggs can live up to 3 weeks on be ...
... bedding that contain eggs. These eggs can then spread to food, toys, or other objects that often go into children’s mouths. Eggs can also be dispersed around a room when contaminated articles are shaken, causing the eggs to settle into dust. In ideal conditions, the eggs can live up to 3 weeks on be ...
International Review..
... Although prospective cohort studies are relatively expensive and complex, they have the advantage of providing community incidence rates by pathogen. Enhanced laboratory testing increases the proportion of cases with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis and provides an opportunity to screen for pathogen ...
... Although prospective cohort studies are relatively expensive and complex, they have the advantage of providing community incidence rates by pathogen. Enhanced laboratory testing increases the proportion of cases with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis and provides an opportunity to screen for pathogen ...
Lyme Carditis: A Case Involving the Conduction System and Mitral
... Cardiac symptomology associated with Lyme disease includes syncope, lightheadedness, dyspnea, palpitations, and chest pain. Such manifestations usually present two to five weeks after the erythema migrans rash, and typically involve the electrical conduction system. Only 1.1 percent of Lyme cases re ...
... Cardiac symptomology associated with Lyme disease includes syncope, lightheadedness, dyspnea, palpitations, and chest pain. Such manifestations usually present two to five weeks after the erythema migrans rash, and typically involve the electrical conduction system. Only 1.1 percent of Lyme cases re ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.