2.2.6. Transmission of Diseases
... parasite via unhygienic conditions mainly in a hospital environment Unsterilised needles and unscreened blood transfusions also play a part The parasite can also pass across the placenta from mother to foetus ...
... parasite via unhygienic conditions mainly in a hospital environment Unsterilised needles and unscreened blood transfusions also play a part The parasite can also pass across the placenta from mother to foetus ...
Epidemiology of tuberculosis infection
... deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and it is among the top 5 causes of death for women aged 15 to 44. In 2013, 9 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died from the disease. TB is a leading killer of HIV-positive people causing one fourth of all HIV-related deaths. In 2013, ...
... deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and it is among the top 5 causes of death for women aged 15 to 44. In 2013, 9 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died from the disease. TB is a leading killer of HIV-positive people causing one fourth of all HIV-related deaths. In 2013, ...
Surveillance of Ixodes scapularis for Borrelia burdorferi,
... occurred. By 1981, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi was identified as the causative agent. The symptoms are flu-like and can also affect the cardiac and nervous system in chronic infections. Borrelia burgdorferi inhabits the lumen of a tick’s digestive tract. The disease is transmitted to hum ...
... occurred. By 1981, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi was identified as the causative agent. The symptoms are flu-like and can also affect the cardiac and nervous system in chronic infections. Borrelia burgdorferi inhabits the lumen of a tick’s digestive tract. The disease is transmitted to hum ...
Click here - NHS Highland
... Also known HBV or Hep B is a virus which may in some people not cause any symptoms but may in others cause flu like illness, tiredness, joint pains and loss of appetite. In more severe cases it causes abdominal pain and jaundice. Infection may result in illness for a few weeks whilst in others, dama ...
... Also known HBV or Hep B is a virus which may in some people not cause any symptoms but may in others cause flu like illness, tiredness, joint pains and loss of appetite. In more severe cases it causes abdominal pain and jaundice. Infection may result in illness for a few weeks whilst in others, dama ...
12 Diseases That Altered History
... when available—are effective at reducing the number of AIDS-related deaths, it's a disease that also can be controlled by what is called the most difficult intervention: behavioral control. It's also a disease that is modern and yet has its parallels with the past in the kind of reactions that popul ...
... when available—are effective at reducing the number of AIDS-related deaths, it's a disease that also can be controlled by what is called the most difficult intervention: behavioral control. It's also a disease that is modern and yet has its parallels with the past in the kind of reactions that popul ...
12 Diseases That Altered History
... when available—are effective at reducing the number of AIDS-related deaths, it's a disease that also can be controlled by what is called the most difficult intervention: behavioral control. It's also a disease that is modern and yet has its parallels with the past in the kind of reactions that popul ...
... when available—are effective at reducing the number of AIDS-related deaths, it's a disease that also can be controlled by what is called the most difficult intervention: behavioral control. It's also a disease that is modern and yet has its parallels with the past in the kind of reactions that popul ...
What Is MS? - LSUHSC School of Nursing
... healthcare and life style changes. Recent research however, indicates that people with MS may live an average of about seven years less than the general population because of disease complications or other medical conditions. Many of these complications are preventable or manageable. Attention to ov ...
... healthcare and life style changes. Recent research however, indicates that people with MS may live an average of about seven years less than the general population because of disease complications or other medical conditions. Many of these complications are preventable or manageable. Attention to ov ...
Disease Class Notes
... make their own food and prefer dark, damp environments. Examples include: yeast or molds. • Protozoa: tiny singlecelled organisms that produce toxins that cause disease. • Parasitic Worms: an organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits from living off of the host. ...
... make their own food and prefer dark, damp environments. Examples include: yeast or molds. • Protozoa: tiny singlecelled organisms that produce toxins that cause disease. • Parasitic Worms: an organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits from living off of the host. ...
Infection and Disease
... microbe can periodically become active produce a recurrent disease person may or may not shed it during the latent stage ...
... microbe can periodically become active produce a recurrent disease person may or may not shed it during the latent stage ...
MICR 454L - Cal State LA - Instructional Web Server
... Analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause Case control method – look for factors that might have preceded the disease Cohort method – study of two populations, one having had contact with the disease agent and the other that has not ...
... Analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause Case control method – look for factors that might have preceded the disease Cohort method – study of two populations, one having had contact with the disease agent and the other that has not ...
Chap 40 infect disease SG
... 20. Compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals are antibiotics ...
... 20. Compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals are antibiotics ...
Presentation
... the respiratory system. - Once inside the human body, the cold virus multiplies and attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing the common effects of the cold (for example, sore throat, runny nose or fever). - Because the cold is caused by a virus it cannot be treated with an antibio ...
... the respiratory system. - Once inside the human body, the cold virus multiplies and attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing the common effects of the cold (for example, sore throat, runny nose or fever). - Because the cold is caused by a virus it cannot be treated with an antibio ...
infectious diseases
... Trichinella spiralis (The adult worms are found attached to or buried in the mucosa of the duodenum) Females produce living young (approximately 1,500 per female over a period of 4 to 16 weeks) and then die. Juveniles enter the lymphatics and mesenteric veins and are found throughout the arterial ci ...
... Trichinella spiralis (The adult worms are found attached to or buried in the mucosa of the duodenum) Females produce living young (approximately 1,500 per female over a period of 4 to 16 weeks) and then die. Juveniles enter the lymphatics and mesenteric veins and are found throughout the arterial ci ...
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
... No. All children make a full recovery. Is it the same as foot and mouth disease in cows ? No. A completely different virus causes foot and mouth disease in cows. How is it spread ? The virus is spread by coughs and sneezes and is also found in the faeces of infected children. Some children infected ...
... No. All children make a full recovery. Is it the same as foot and mouth disease in cows ? No. A completely different virus causes foot and mouth disease in cows. How is it spread ? The virus is spread by coughs and sneezes and is also found in the faeces of infected children. Some children infected ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... the wet form may linger for six to eight months and cats with the dry form may survive a year or more. Cats infected with FeLV and/or FIV are more prone to develop clinical FIP. Despite supportive care, all cats that develop clinical signs of the FIP virus will die or will need to be humanely euthan ...
... the wet form may linger for six to eight months and cats with the dry form may survive a year or more. Cats infected with FeLV and/or FIV are more prone to develop clinical FIP. Despite supportive care, all cats that develop clinical signs of the FIP virus will die or will need to be humanely euthan ...
Lowy-Concepts_of_ID
... infections • Different mechanisms involved in the development of pathology in the host ...
... infections • Different mechanisms involved in the development of pathology in the host ...
Don`t overlook health management of replacements
... IBR is caused by Bovine Herpes Virus-1. It is a very contagious virus which is spread rapidly if introduced into a group of cattle with no immunity. All ages of stock can be affected, however the disease is most common in growing cattle over six months of age, and in adults. ...
... IBR is caused by Bovine Herpes Virus-1. It is a very contagious virus which is spread rapidly if introduced into a group of cattle with no immunity. All ages of stock can be affected, however the disease is most common in growing cattle over six months of age, and in adults. ...
Bovine Foot and Mouth Disease
... – Animals can acquire the virus through oronasal exposure to the infected organic material – Affects all cloven-hoofed animals with cattle having a more severe form than sheep or goats ...
... – Animals can acquire the virus through oronasal exposure to the infected organic material – Affects all cloven-hoofed animals with cattle having a more severe form than sheep or goats ...
The Sociology of Infectious Disease: Using
... Outbreaks, Epidemic vs. Endemic • An outbreak or epidemic exists when there are more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area, or among a specific group of people, over a particular time. – Example: Seasonal flu ...
... Outbreaks, Epidemic vs. Endemic • An outbreak or epidemic exists when there are more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area, or among a specific group of people, over a particular time. – Example: Seasonal flu ...
Poultry Chronic respiratory disease FVSU
... pathologic lesions. Definitive diagnosis is usually via serology testing for antibodies to MG in the chickens. As with many mycoplasmas, MG is very difficult to grow in the laboratory. ...
... pathologic lesions. Definitive diagnosis is usually via serology testing for antibodies to MG in the chickens. As with many mycoplasmas, MG is very difficult to grow in the laboratory. ...
Controversial topics in tuberculosis EDITORIAL J.A. Caminero*, A. Torres
... common life with men has endowed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent, with the best adaptation among all known human pathogens. Therefore, it has remained in a quiescent state within a large number of individuals, generating neither symptoms nor disease, but surviving and awaiting more suit ...
... common life with men has endowed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent, with the best adaptation among all known human pathogens. Therefore, it has remained in a quiescent state within a large number of individuals, generating neither symptoms nor disease, but surviving and awaiting more suit ...
Continuous Health Monitoring and Early Disease Detection
... this profile, named immunosignature, can serve as a highly sensitive and specific indicator of health status. The B-cells that produce the antibodies are constantly patrolling the body. When they encounter an aberrant protein, cell or foreign pathogen they are activated and amplify their response 10 ...
... this profile, named immunosignature, can serve as a highly sensitive and specific indicator of health status. The B-cells that produce the antibodies are constantly patrolling the body. When they encounter an aberrant protein, cell or foreign pathogen they are activated and amplify their response 10 ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.