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Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases
Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases

... With technical support provided by: Partners for Health Reformplus ...
Zoonoses in Europe: a risk to public health
Zoonoses in Europe: a risk to public health

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PROVISIONAL* WORK PROGRAMME 2007
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Measles Exportation From Japan to the United States, 1994 to 2006
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... States and other countries. For the United States, Japan is the top country of origin. The aims of this study were to analyze measles exportation trends from Japan to the United States and to suggest recommendations for improving monitoring and control in both countries. Methods. Reviewing all expor ...
Turkey Book-print
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Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults
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Parkinson`s disease is a disorder of the brain and the nervous system
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... Infants and children with sickle cell disease should receive prophylactic daily penicillin V potassium (Veetids) starting by two months of age. Dosages change at three years of age. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be stopped after five years of age for patients without a history of invasive pneumococcal ...
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... experienced clinically recurrent HSV-2 infection. Patient 6 also recurred clinically with both subtypes, but we could not establish the order of acquisition of the two viruses. We were surprised to find ú1 strain, as distinguished by restriction endonuclease analysis, in 2 of 3 patients with availab ...
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... will not reverse the global mortality and burden from noncommunicable diseases, but that a ‘whole of government’ and ‘whole of society’ approach is needed”. The need to prevent and manage non-communicable diseases is also an important emphasis in the National Development Plan drafted by the National ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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