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Recommendations for the development of rare disease drugs using
Recommendations for the development of rare disease drugs using

... those situations in which timely standard approval via a clinical endpoint is unlikely or impossible due to practical, scientific, or ethical reasons. The use of biomarkers in the AA pathway is not intended to substitute for clinical endpoint-based studies in diseases with sufficient patients and re ...
C. Meningococcal infection
C. Meningococcal infection

... At the use of poor quality water 8. Annually in the world there are about 2 million people with acute viral hepatitis. In what % of all cases of acute hepatitis B will develop chronic form. A. ...
CM 23- Encopresis, Constipation, Hirschprungs, Megacolon
CM 23- Encopresis, Constipation, Hirschprungs, Megacolon

... • hypertrophied nerve bundles that stain positively for acetylcholinesterase with an absence of ganglion cells • Unprepared contrast enema –looking for an abrupt narrow transition zone- proximal and distal colon • Compare rectum to that of the sigmoid colon • 10% of newborns have a normal contrast s ...
IPU Souvenir.pmd - Pediatric Oncall
IPU Souvenir.pmd - Pediatric Oncall

... catastrophic epilepsies of infancy and childhood can dramatically disrupt normal development in a few weeks to months, making a time-bound definition impractical. Other vague definitions call epilepsy intractable if it ‘interrupts normal activities of life’ despite ‘relevant therapy’. Epileptic ence ...
Fast Facts about Asthma
Fast Facts about Asthma

... including only those who have had asthma symptoms or used asthma medications in the past 12 months. In 2009–10, more than 1.8 million Canadians were living with active asthma. Only one in three (34.4%) had their asthma well-controlled. • Canadians under the age of 65 years, people ...
The Syphilis Exchange - The Lost Colony Center for Science and
The Syphilis Exchange - The Lost Colony Center for Science and

... causing many to believe they had found a cure with a remedy they were experimenting with. A decoction of guaiacum (boiling in water 5 parts of guaiacum to 100 parts of water, making a medicinal broth) caused the patient to perspire freely8. Historians completely miss how world health events were jus ...
Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Japan
Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Japan

... corresponding to acute stage cardiac dysfunction defined above might have been reported as sequelae in the surveys that were conducted up to 1996. The percentage for those with cardiac sequelae was 16.7% in 1983, which gradually decreased since then to 12.1% (1996), 5.1% (1997), and 5.7% (2000), sho ...
abstracts - EpiSouth
abstracts - EpiSouth

... virus emerges in the rainy season at the forest-savanna ecotone, extends into savanna habitat and is transmitted in more complex cycles involving humans, monkeys and a broad array of Aedes spp. In South America and Africa, Ae. aegypti, the domestic “urban” vector and sympatric human hosts may become ...
Dermatologic Therapy
Dermatologic Therapy

... Tobacco Use 10% of people over age 65 smoke  14.2 billion spent last year in Medicare to address smoking related illness ...
Maternal Rubella and the Effects on the Fetus
Maternal Rubella and the Effects on the Fetus

... fetal response to the disease.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends limited use to women who have declined pregnancy termination and are known to be exposed to the rubella virus (Riley, 2014). ...
Diarrhea
Diarrhea

... SH: Smokers in home? Pets? County or city water? Siblings? ...
How to respond to radiological, biological and chemical threats: guide for the European
How to respond to radiological, biological and chemical threats: guide for the European

... PH1. A map of the world showing selected emerging diseases of public health importance in the past 30 years. ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

... secretions, by the faecal-oral route, and by mechanical transmission. Most virus growth occurs in epithelial cells. Occasionally the liver, kidneys, heart or eyes may be infected, as well as other cell types such as macrophages. In coldtype respiratory infections, growth appears to be localized to t ...
Egger, JR (2007) Age and clinical dengue illness. Emerging
Egger, JR (2007) Age and clinical dengue illness. Emerging

... consistent with results of earlier studies that suggest that adults are more likely than young children to have clinical dengue (7–9). Several factors should be considered when interpreting these results. First, because dengue virus serotypes l and 2 were circulating in the population during the stu ...
Communicable Disease and Transmission Based Precautions
Communicable Disease and Transmission Based Precautions

... • These types of microbes are called opportunistic microbes • For example: – Escherichia coli. When E. coli finds its way out of the intestine and into another part of the body where it is not normal flora, such as the bladder, it can cause an infection ...
Periprosthetic joint infections
Periprosthetic joint infections

... In failed arthroplasties the distinction between aseptic loosening and chronic infection is important for the choice of surgical management between direct one stage exchange or delayed two-stage reconstruction. The one-stage exchange means that implant removal and new implantation are done in the sa ...
Title: Epidemiology and clinical consequences of occupational
Title: Epidemiology and clinical consequences of occupational

... experienced by doctors. Surgeons had a higher risk for sharp injuries compared to other physicians, and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.005). This may be explained by the more frequent use of sharps relative to other specialties. A survey among surgical residents in 17 medical ce ...
Neurological Manifestations in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Neurological Manifestations in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

... be due to increased leakage of fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli. The initial management is that of shock and convulsions. Volume expanders such as crystalloids or fresh blood transfusion in view of bleeds and thrombocytopenia are administered. After stabilizing the patient, when the vital ...
Parkinson’s Disease 20 14 REP
Parkinson’s Disease 20 14 REP

... Parkinson’s disease affects as many as 1.5 million people in the United States, with about 60,000 additional patients newly diagnosed each year. The cost to the U.S. economy in direct and indirect expenses is more than $14 billion a year, according to a recent study published in Movement Disorders. ...
World Journal of Gastroenterology
World Journal of Gastroenterology

... The primary task of WJG is to rapidly publish high-quality original articles, reviews, and commentaries in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastrointestinal surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, gastrointestinal oncology, gastrointestinal radiation oncology, gastroin ...
Palliative Care and General Debility
Palliative Care and General Debility

... Disturbance of sleep-wake cycle disrupts home Usually less intense in familiar environments ...
diagnostic update
diagnostic update

... which aids in identifying suspect colonies; however, many common nondermatophyte fungi may also cause color ...
Palliative Care and General Debility
Palliative Care and General Debility

... Disturbance of sleep-wake cycle disrupts home Usually less intense in familiar environments ...
Pericarditis and Myocarditis
Pericarditis and Myocarditis

... burning 1-15 minutes ...
Ebola Virus 2014 Kathryn Springer, MD
Ebola Virus 2014 Kathryn Springer, MD

... Death rates of 5 Ebola Species ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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