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Lerwick and Bressay have lower rates than most other localities.
Lerwick and Bressay have lower rates than most other localities.

... QOF – COPD Prevalence Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory disorders in Scotland, usually affecting people over 35, and more commonly males than females as historically, smoking rates have been higher among the male population. That trend has started to ...
Chickenpox/Shingles Management Policy
Chickenpox/Shingles Management Policy

... immune suppression, reactivation of the virus may be triggered locally in the nerves and skin resulting in an attack of shingles. Chickenpox is highly infectious being mainly transmitted by respiratory route, while shingles is much less infectious but direct contact with the vesicle can cause chicke ...
Linkage to Care Report on Best Practices
Linkage to Care Report on Best Practices

... The case for these recommendations is solid. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the U.S. meets widely accepted public health requirements for routine screening. Further, the face of the disease has changed, leaving many at risk of acquiring the infection even though they do not perceive themselves to be among ...
Ulcerative diseases of oral mucosa
Ulcerative diseases of oral mucosa

... Ulcerative lesions 5- Malignant diseases Common sites of oral cancer are the lower lip, the floor of the mouth, and the sides and underside of the tongue, but it is possible to have a tumor anywhere in the mouth. Appearances vary greatly, but a typical malignant ulcer would be a persistent, expandi ...
- Sacramento - California State University
- Sacramento - California State University

... the moment of infection and the onset of symptoms, hence being dubbed “slow” viruses. If HIV is left untreated, it will result in the onset of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The diagnosis of AIDS results when a patient has a combination of an infection from an opportunistic pathogen, su ...
2013 European Guideline on the Management of
2013 European Guideline on the Management of

... LGV has re-emerged among European men who have sex with men (MSM) in the past decade [1] and is probably endemic in this population where it is a relatively common cause of proctitis and occasional genital ulcer-adenopathy disease. LGV among MSM in Europe is caused in the majority of cases by the C. ...
Pneumonia - Medline University
Pneumonia - Medline University

... There are more than 30 causes for pneumonia infections, and treatment is directly linked to the specific  cause. Three small germs—bacteria, viruses, and fungi—may cause pneumonia. Bacteria and viruses  living inside one’s nose, sinuses or mouth can easily spread to the lungs, causing the infection. ...
Program and Abstracts of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference
Program and Abstracts of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference

... The International Society For Antiviral Research (ISAR)  The Society was organized in 1987 as a non‐profit scientific organization for the purpose of advancing and  disseminating knowledge in all areas of antiviral research. To achieve this objective, the Society organizes an  annual meeting. The So ...
BIOLOGY OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS: A
BIOLOGY OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS: A

... media and hypoxemia are common (McCarthy and Hall, 2003). The primary manifestations of lower respiratory tract disease in infants are bronchiolitis and pneumonia. These two syndromes may be difficult to distinguish and may occur simultaneously. The characteristic clinical features of bronchiolitis ...
The Effectiveness of Disease Management Programs in the
The Effectiveness of Disease Management Programs in the

... Actuary of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the states’ Medicaid programs pending is forecast to increase by an annual rate of 8.4% from 2009 to 2019. Some of the cost increase is due to the inefficiencies inherent in the highly fragmented nature of the delivery of Medicaid between sta ...
the role of viral, bacterial, parasitic and human sialidases in disease
the role of viral, bacterial, parasitic and human sialidases in disease

... At present, therapy based on sialidase activity is still in its infancy. The problem is that the exact role of these enzymes is mostly not fully understood. Within the same organism, different types of sialidases can be found of which the function is not always that clear. Although at the molecular ...
Dictionaries and Coding in Pharmacovigilance
Dictionaries and Coding in Pharmacovigilance

... For some reason, many professionals working in the field of drug safety do not find the topic of dictionaries exciting. Most would admit, however, that they are of critical importance. The purpose of the dictionary is to bring order to seeming chaos. They are intended to bring some discipline to the v ...
Employee Health - Infection Procedure for Blood Borne Exposure
Employee Health - Infection Procedure for Blood Borne Exposure

... results have been obtained and notifies the employee of the prophylaxis treatment available in the Pharmacy. Care Link calls the Pharmacist in Charge and notifies him/her of the exposure and the name of the exposed employee who has been instructed to report to the Pharmacy. Carelink will fax a copy ...
Later life in the United Kingdom
Later life in the United Kingdom

... health problems, lack of help from healthcare professionals, being ‘too tired’, lack of transportation, and ‘bad weather.45 Self-efficacy expectations (belief about the ability to perform specific health behaviours) can be one of the strongest influences on health behaviours in the oldest old.46 One ...
National Urology Research Agenda - American Urological Association
National Urology Research Agenda - American Urological Association

... cancers and procedures, and is relevant to non-urological disorders characterized by pain. New and innovative measures, methods and technologies are required that integrate human social and behavioral science with urological research. 4. Coexisting conditions and their role in the etiology, progress ...
United States Medical Licensing Examination - Content Outline
United States Medical Licensing Examination - Content Outline

... emphasize certain parts of the outline, and no single examination will include questions on all topics in the outline. The examples listed within the outline are just examples. Questions may include diseases, symptoms, etc., that are not included in the outline. The USMLE program continually reviews ...
Single Gene Implicated in FTD/ALS
Single Gene Implicated in FTD/ALS

... most commonly affects individuals before the age of 65. In fact, in patients younger than 65 years, FTD and AD occur at similar rates. Memory problems are typically considered to be the hallmark symptom of AD, while in FTD, memory loss is not the primary symptom. There are two major types of FTD. On ...
Genital and Perirectal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Genital and Perirectal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

... ~80-90% of people that test positive for HSV-2 in the U.S are unaware that they are infected Xu et al. JAMA. 2006: 296: 964-973, MMWR. 2010.59(15):456 ...
Guideline on Prevention of Communicable Diseases in Residential
Guideline on Prevention of Communicable Diseases in Residential

... Effective prevention of communicable diseases in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) not only safeguards the health of residents and staff by minimising the harm caused by the diseases, but also reduces the chance of hospitalisation of the residents and thus helps save community resources ...
Universal precaution
Universal precaution

... and HIV) or other bacterial and other viral pathogens. These can present a risk to other patients and health care workers. As it is not always possible to know who is infected with these pathogens, emphasis on infection control effort should focus primarily on 'Universal Infection Control Precaution ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis

... leptospiral ecology and hence for pathogenesis. [44] since these organisms are capable of colonizing and multiplying inside the renal tubules of chronically infected reservoir species, disseminating in the urine, and contaminating soil and water. Humans and other mammals are then infected by direct ...
Aiming for rapid control and patient cure
Aiming for rapid control and patient cure

... blindness.(3) The WHO estimates that about half a million people are blind due to onchocerciasis, and almost a million have different degrees of visual impairment. In endemic areas, children are exposed from birth, and infection can lead to growth retardation and weight loss. Lymphatic filariasis (L ...
Pediatric Pulmonary Pearls
Pediatric Pulmonary Pearls

... patients are not specifically approved by the FDA. • Many medications used in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are not specifically approved by the FDA. ...
Diagnostic & Clinical Care Guidelines
Diagnostic & Clinical Care Guidelines

... At the time of this publication, ICD-9 codes are being utilized. However, the ICD-9 code set is over 30 years old and is no longer considered usable for today’s treatment, reporting, and payment processes. It does not reflect advances in medical technology and knowledge and the format limits the abi ...
Hepatitis C - National Health Care for the Homeless Council
Hepatitis C - National Health Care for the Homeless Council

... he hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified in 1989 and found to account for the majority of those patients with “non-A, non-B hepatitis”. HCV is now the most common blood-borne infection in the USA and a leading cause of chronic liver disease. Almost 4 million Americans have been infected with HCV, a ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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