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Enteric/Food and Waterborne Diseases
Enteric/Food and Waterborne Diseases

... 2.1 Introduction to Enteric Illness Investigation When enteric illness is identified (e.g. through laboratory testing or clinical history) in an individual or a cluster of individuals, a comprehensive investigation is carried out. The purpose of this local investigation is to identify the factors th ...
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IUSTI
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... and is probably endemic in this population where it is a relatively common cause of proctitis and occasional genital ulcer-adenopathy disease. LGV among MSM in Europe is caused in the majority of cases by the C. trachomatis biovar L2b which shows a high degree of clonal relatedness as found by Multi ...
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... cause lower tract disease and lower tract disease is associated with increased risk of adverse complications, as will be discussed later in the article. Respiratory viral infections are also a risk factor for subsequent development of fungal and bacterial pneumonia [20]. There is emerging data sugge ...
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... with a fever or some other sign of illness - I would immediately start the supplements listed on the “First Signs of Illness” article on the medical topics section of our webpage. I would review the information in that article that discusses what other symptoms are important to look at when determin ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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