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Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong
Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong

... emergency department visits. The prevalence of asthma in South Africa lies at 5% for adults and 10% for children. Asthma is reported as taking up 1 to 2% of the total health budget in direct costs, with equally large indirect costs being incurred for time lost from work and reduced productivity. It ...
Report of the first WHO stakeholders meeting on rhodesiense
Report of the first WHO stakeholders meeting on rhodesiense

... (March 2014) had considered the gambiense form. He highlighted the tremendous progress for this complicated disease, with no ideal tools, as a leading example for other NTDs. He emphasized the particular challenges of r-HAT as it is an acute zoonotic disease with epidemic potential. Finally, he expe ...
Standard Precautions: A Focus on Hand Hygiene
Standard Precautions: A Focus on Hand Hygiene

...  Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. *It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever. People over 65 and those with medical conditions may suffer complications from the flu. Complications of flu can include bacterial p ...
an overview of community-acquired respiratory tract infections
an overview of community-acquired respiratory tract infections

... This is particularly a problem with infection of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus7 because influenza per se causes damage/death of cells lining the sinuses and airways. Interestingly, infection of these ciliated cells by another recently defined respiratory tract pathogen, C pneum ...
Pulmonary/CC Board Review
Pulmonary/CC Board Review

... exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He has ischemic heart disease with left ventricular dysfunction and had coronary artery bypass graft surgery 6 weeks ago. His medications include aspirin, nitroglycerin, metoprolol, lisinopril, and furosemide. On physical examination, the patien ...
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Breast
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Breast

... much less common nowadays, but nursing women who present with milk stasis or noninfectious inflammation may still develop this problem. Epidemic puerperal mastitis is initiated by highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus that are transmitted via the suckling neonate and may result ...
Meningitis and Encephalitis in the Older Patient
Meningitis and Encephalitis in the Older Patient

... The Awakenings… 1916: von Economo described CNS disorder with lethargy and Parkinsonian features following viral syndrome with pharyngitis 1916-1927 epidemic; now sporadic cases 1918: influenza pandemic, ?connection (?immune mediated process) ...
hepatitis - FK UWKS 2012 C
hepatitis - FK UWKS 2012 C

... • Vaccination - highly effective recombinant vaccines are now available. Vaccine can be given to those who are at increased risk of HBV infection such as health care workers. It is also given routinely to neonates as universal vaccination in many countries. • Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin - HBIG may be ...
Gastrointestinal Infection Outbreak Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities
Gastrointestinal Infection Outbreak Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities

... Gastrointestinal (GI) infections may be caused by a variety of agents including bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Healthcare associated transmission of GI infections usually results from contact with infected individuals, from consumption of food, water, or other beverages, or from exposure to contami ...
2015 CHNA report - Shriners Hospitals for Children
2015 CHNA report - Shriners Hospitals for Children

... residents, and shortages of mental health and oral health providers are especially acute in low-income and rural areas. Chronic Diseases: The burden of chronic disease is heavy among the low-income population, and many adult and teen residents in the county have poor nutrition and limited physical a ...
Direct Laboratory Notification of Communicable Diseases
Direct Laboratory Notification of Communicable Diseases

... what information can be transferred from the hospital laboratories to the local PHU. Organisation structures, governance and contractual arrangements will differ from DHB to DHB. It may be permissible to send test results unconnected to the notification to another medical practitioner (eg, a Medical ...
Developmental Kidney Diseases
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... • Familial (runs in certain families of animals) kidney disorders have been reported in the following dogs and cats:  Renal agenesis in beagles and Doberman pinschers  Renal dysplasia in Alaskan malamutes, boxers, chow chows, golden retrievers, Keeshonden, Lhasa apsos, miniature schnauzers, shih t ...
developmental_kidney_diseases
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... • Familial (runs in certain families of animals) kidney disorders have been reported in the following dogs and cats:  Renal agenesis in beagles and Doberman pinschers  Renal dysplasia in Alaskan malamutes, boxers, chow chows, golden retrievers, Keeshonden, Lhasa apsos, miniature schnauzers, shih t ...
Global Action Plan on HIV Drug Resistance 2017–2021 Global
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... recognized that combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires action across all government sectors and society (10). Addressing HIVDR is an important part of WHO’s commitment to AMR, which threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacte ...
Adult OI Guidelines Slides - Viral
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... Viral Infections Slide Set Prepared by the AETC National Coordinating Resource Center based on recommendations from the CDC, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America ...
Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis
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... Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis Irene G. Sia, MD, MSc, and Mark L. Wieland, MD, MPH On completion of this article, readers should be able to (1) identify patients at high risk of tuberculosis; (2) accurately and efficiently diagnose active tuberculosis on the basis of clinical pre ...
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MS-DRG NEWS - Administrative Consultant Service

... » diagnostic procedures; or » extended length of hospital stay; or » increased nursing care and/or monitoring.” Coexisting conditions should also be reported when they impact the use or consideration of alternative measures in the treatment of the principal diagnosis. Not all additional diagnoses th ...
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... their application of research and development. witness the care of patients with rheumatoid The company has developed two new drug arthritis (RA) LEDDS™ ...
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... In the last ten years, there has been an increasing interest in assessing the quality of life of patients with skin diseases as well as in the development of methods of assessment.1-4 Patients with skin diseases may have their lives affected in many ways. Skin diseases are major causes of morbidity ...
Lived Experiences of Immigrants with Chronic Illnesses in
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... local  levels.  However,  it  is  preferably  ethnic  Danes  who  have  participated.  While  there  are  national, regional and local targets to reduce social inequality in health, the few Danish studies  show that ethnic minorities face large and specific health problems. Publications about ethnic ...
HIV Infection Control and Patient Rights Protection Act
HIV Infection Control and Patient Rights Protection Act

... Costs of the HIV testing mentioned in the preceding Paragraph shall be budgeted by the central competent authority and the various central competent enterprise authorities; the coverage for the HIV testing mentioned in Subparagraph 5 of the preceding Paragraph shall be announced by the central compe ...
Review Article: Respiratory diseases in pregnancy
Review Article: Respiratory diseases in pregnancy

... early diagnosis of TB in pregnancy. Xpert MTB/RIF is being explored for early diagnosis of TB especially in the areas of high HIV prevalence.16 ...
Blunted sensation of dyspnoea and near fatal asthma EDITORIAL D.J. Eckert
Blunted sensation of dyspnoea and near fatal asthma EDITORIAL D.J. Eckert

... studies that multiple risk factors are likely involved. These include psychological and socioeconomic factors, poor asthma control, suppressed respiratory sensation and blunted chemoreceptor sensitivity [1–6]. Prior near-miss episodes are also predictive of subsequent NFA episodes and fatalities [7] ...
Ethical Issues in Access to HIV Treatement Workgroup, September 1998
Ethical Issues in Access to HIV Treatement Workgroup, September 1998

... in an individual, which could contribute to future widespread drug resistance. 3 Despite the difficulties of treatment with these multi-drug regimens, the benefits for those who respond are substantial, generating an ethical imperative to consider these medications in planning treatment for every pe ...
to the Session 3 notes
to the Session 3 notes

... paralysis, although severe inspiratory dyspnoea, cyanosis and collapse can occasionally be identified. These signs may be sufficiently mild that animals will only present for treatment following particular periods of respiratory stress, such as prolonged exercise or extreme hot weather, at which tim ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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