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EBB Disease Risk Analysis Report FINAL
EBB Disease Risk Analysis Report FINAL

... inhabited by people with their livestock and pets as well as a range of wildlife species, some of which are also endangered (e.g. long-nosed potoroo, Potorous tridactylus) while others, such as the little penguin, Eudyptula minor, are a major tourist attraction. As part of its due diligence in asses ...
Oral Probiotics - Introducing Oraldiet® -
Oral Probiotics - Introducing Oraldiet® -

... The mechanism of action of probiotics in the oral cavity is based upon two distinct but complementary pathways: replacement of the supplemental pathogenic flora enhanced by antibiotic/chemical activity and/or increase or control immune protection, local and/or systemic. Direct replacement or competi ...
HIV in Pregnancy : a review
HIV in Pregnancy : a review

... At the end of 1998, more than thirty-three million people were living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), almost half of whom were women in their reproductive years [1, 1a]. Over one million children are living with HIV, contracted predominantly through infection from their mothers. The maj ...
ICD-10 “New Normal” Overview
ICD-10 “New Normal” Overview

... Second code identifies the drug or chemical More effects and types of drugs/chemicals available ...
Pseudoparkinsonism - Scientific Research Publishing
Pseudoparkinsonism - Scientific Research Publishing

... In 2000, we published an article [9] that discussed the confusing literature on extrapyramidal parkinsonian signs (slowness, rigidity, shuffling gait) being reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease [10-15] and how the proper classification of hypokinetic movement disturbances required a careful ...
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head – a review
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head – a review

... Sickle cell anemia or Gaucher's disease, Haemoglobinopathies, Caisson disease, Hyperlipidemia, SLE, Chronic liver disease, Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, HIV, Hypercoagulable states (protein C & protein S deficiency), post trauma1 ...
Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by
Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by

... host factors including age, sex, immune status, and genetic factors. The same exposure to, e.g., St. Louis encephalitis virus could cause subclinical infection (e.g., the person is not sick) in a 25 year-old or fatal encephalitis in a 70 year-old. Neurotropic viruses must first enter the host. Entry ...
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics

... The document was drafted during a WHO Consultation on Guidelines for the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics, held from 2-4 October 2002 in Geneva, Switzerland. Participants are listed in Annex 2. The document represents a contribution of the WHO Global Influenza Programme to t ...
Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for Anesthesia Care
Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for Anesthesia Care

... all healthcare settings. A major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is the lack of consistent compliance by healthcare workers with basic prevention techniques such as hand hygiene.1-3 Failure to follow the principles of aseptic technique as well as ineffective equipment decontaminatio ...
Bronchial Asthma
Bronchial Asthma

... The release of IL-8 and GRO-α from airway epithelial cells may be stimulated by viral infection. Allergens may stimulate dendritic cells to release IL-23, activating Th17 cells to release TNF-α. This enhances inflammation and stimulates the release of IL-8 and GRO-α, which recruit neutrophils into t ...
- Sacramento - California State University
- Sacramento - California State University

... with the array of complexities found in meeting the needs of their neuromuscular ...
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Pharyngeal diphtheria

... other Corynebacterium species that normally inhabit the nasopharynx and skin (e.g., diphtheroids). ...
Understanding alcoholic liver disease - addiction
Understanding alcoholic liver disease - addiction

... • Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Disproportionately affecting deprived communities and the young (Babor 2003) • In England the commonest recorded cause of death from alcohol related disease is liver disease. Accounts for 2% of all cause deaths (12,000). The ...
anesthesia infection prevention assessment tool
anesthesia infection prevention assessment tool

... Safe use of single dose/single use medications to prevent healthcare-associated infections. June 15, 2012. Available from: http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-andCertification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Downloads/Survey-and-Cert-Letter-12-35.pdf. Accessed June 30, 2012. 6. Greene ES, Bee ...
US Public Health Service Perinatal Guidelines
US Public Health Service Perinatal Guidelines

... Periconception administration of antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-uninfected partners may offer an additional tool to reduce the risk of sexual transmission. (CIII) The utility of PrEP for the uninfected partner when the infected partner is receiving cART and has a suppressed v ...
The economic impact of obesity and overweight
The economic impact of obesity and overweight

... source of concern solely for interveners working in the health field. Indeed, health problems linked to obesity affect several sectors of the economy and the resulting economic burden. Investing in the prevention of obesity thus offers benefits not only for the health of the population(16) but also ...
Single-Pill Combination Regimens for Treatment of HIV
Single-Pill Combination Regimens for Treatment of HIV

... For the benefits of ART to be realized at the individual and population levels, patients must maintain high levels of adherence to all components of the regimen. A number of factors are associated with lower levels of adherence,6 including the stigma associated with HIV infection,7 membership in a m ...
Sore Throats - Texas ENT and Allergy
Sore Throats - Texas ENT and Allergy

... Bacteria: Strep throat is an infection caused by a particular strain of streptococcus bacteria. This infection can also damage the heart valves (rheumatic fever) and kidneys (nephritis), cause scarlet fever, tonsillitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and ear infections. Because of these possible complicatio ...
Cytomegalovirus-Induced Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in a Renal Transplant Patient
Cytomegalovirus-Induced Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in a Renal Transplant Patient

... Posttransplantation, the patient received OKT3 induction therapy 5 mg daily for 7 days. Intravenous ganciclovir was administered daily during the first 7 days. He was discharged on posttransplantation day 7 on prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/d, azathioprine 1.5 mg/kg/d, cyclosporine 8 mg/kg/d, and acyclovir 80 ...


... Impaired glucose tolerance / diabetes mellitus Obesity Professional stress ...


... Scarlet fever. Pseudotuberculosis. Allergic dermatitis. Child of 2 years old, who has arrived into the hospital with pneumonia, has nevuses pigmentosus on a skin. From anamnesis we have known that before pneumonia the child had fever and rash. What disease had the child? Rubella. *Measles. Scarlatin ...
Suspected Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) in a Boer cross
Suspected Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) in a Boer cross

... caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), a lentivirus of family retroviridae [1, 17]. Although most infections are subclinical, a minority of animals develops progressive, untreatable disease syndromes including polyarthritis in adults and encephalomyelitis in kids. The original lesions of CAE h ...
Protocol for the Management of Chickenpox/Shingles
Protocol for the Management of Chickenpox/Shingles

... years. Re-infection with VZV is rare. The virus can become latent in sensory nerves and present in later life as herpes zoster (shingles). Adults with chickenpox may develop more severe diseases including pneumonia. • Pregnant women are at particular risk of complications affecting the foetus/neonat ...
Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention and
Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention and

... (based on a CD4 ≤ 350). It is projected that the number of people in need for ART will increase to 1,308,321 and 1,373,879 in 2014 and 2015 respectively with the adoption of earlier ART initiation at a higher CD4 threshold of ≤500. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Universal acce ...
JULY Inquiry into hospital `error` proceeds KARACHI, June 30
JULY Inquiry into hospital `error` proceeds KARACHI, June 30

... Probe puts blame on trauma centre KARACHI, July 4: The preliminary report of an inquiry into the alleged ineptness of medical staff at a PECHS healthcare facility says that the resuscitation of an engineering university student could not be conducted in a timely manner as the private hospital did no ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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