Recombination and loss of complementation
... and asexual forms, asexuals should, at least initially, have a strong advantage and should replace the sexuals. If sexual reproduction persists, it must have some shortterm advantage that counterbalances its two-fold cost. This is the ‘balance’ argument, put forward by Williams (1975). In other word ...
... and asexual forms, asexuals should, at least initially, have a strong advantage and should replace the sexuals. If sexual reproduction persists, it must have some shortterm advantage that counterbalances its two-fold cost. This is the ‘balance’ argument, put forward by Williams (1975). In other word ...
Paramours, Promotions, and Sexual Favoritism
... a Title VII violation). The employees who either refused the sexual advances or were passed over for promotion have standing to sue in these situations. See, e.g., Dirksen, 842 F. Supp. at 1122; Priest, 634 F. Supp. at 579-82. In general, an employee who is not directly propositioned can claim that ...
... a Title VII violation). The employees who either refused the sexual advances or were passed over for promotion have standing to sue in these situations. See, e.g., Dirksen, 842 F. Supp. at 1122; Priest, 634 F. Supp. at 579-82. In general, an employee who is not directly propositioned can claim that ...
The Liberating Force of the Carnival (esque) in Jean Rhys`s Wide
... consequently celebrating “the joyful relativity” of the carnival spirit (Bakhtin 123). It strives to defy the monologic world traced by those in power and acclaims its dialogic principle that fosters heterogeneity. Rhys’s novel turns out to be a carnivalistic polyphonic narrative in which “we find n ...
... consequently celebrating “the joyful relativity” of the carnival spirit (Bakhtin 123). It strives to defy the monologic world traced by those in power and acclaims its dialogic principle that fosters heterogeneity. Rhys’s novel turns out to be a carnivalistic polyphonic narrative in which “we find n ...
Darwin`s Theory of Evolution Powerpoint presentation
... survive and reproduce in its environment. Individuals with adaptations that are well-suited to their environment can survive and reproduce and are said to have high fitness. Individuals with characteristics that are not wellsuited to their environment either die without reproducing or leave few offs ...
... survive and reproduce in its environment. Individuals with adaptations that are well-suited to their environment can survive and reproduce and are said to have high fitness. Individuals with characteristics that are not wellsuited to their environment either die without reproducing or leave few offs ...
Handout - Kristene Whitmore - International Urogynecological
... Majority of women consider sexual health an important part of their overall health WHO considers maintenance of sexual health a responsibility of health care professionals WHO defines FSD as: “the various ways in which an individual is unable to participate in a sexual relationship … as she would wi ...
... Majority of women consider sexual health an important part of their overall health WHO considers maintenance of sexual health a responsibility of health care professionals WHO defines FSD as: “the various ways in which an individual is unable to participate in a sexual relationship … as she would wi ...
Chapter 13
... • Change occurs as a result of “descent with modification,” with natural selection as the mechanism ...
... • Change occurs as a result of “descent with modification,” with natural selection as the mechanism ...
The Heritability of External Morphology in Darwin`s Ground Finches
... broods due to sexual dimorphism (the traits are 4-8% larger in males compared to females). Smith and Zach (1979) standardized for sex and year in their analysis of song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) morphology and Greenwood et al. (1979) standardized for annual variation in the heritability of great t ...
... broods due to sexual dimorphism (the traits are 4-8% larger in males compared to females). Smith and Zach (1979) standardized for sex and year in their analysis of song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) morphology and Greenwood et al. (1979) standardized for annual variation in the heritability of great t ...
The impact of persistent sexual side effects of selective serotonin
... (2004) found that adult SSRI use was almost six times greater between 1999-2000 than had been between 1988-1994. Olfson et al. (2002) found that individuals treated for depression were 4.8 times more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant in 1997 compared to 1987 and attributed the increase to SS ...
... (2004) found that adult SSRI use was almost six times greater between 1999-2000 than had been between 1988-1994. Olfson et al. (2002) found that individuals treated for depression were 4.8 times more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant in 1997 compared to 1987 and attributed the increase to SS ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct?
... discriminate bottleneck where there was a drastic reduction in population size and where the physical differences of some organisms gave them a greater ability to survive and reproduce, but such a phrase would be misleading. For example, it is hypothesized that cheetahs underwent a severe bottleneck ...
... discriminate bottleneck where there was a drastic reduction in population size and where the physical differences of some organisms gave them a greater ability to survive and reproduce, but such a phrase would be misleading. For example, it is hypothesized that cheetahs underwent a severe bottleneck ...
On Adaptive Accuracy and Precision in Natural Populations
... Selection does not operate independently on these two components; instead, fitness is determined by a combination of the two that we call adaptive accuracy. For example, under quadratic stabilizing selection, the adaptive accuracy is proportional to the expected squared deviance of an individual phe ...
... Selection does not operate independently on these two components; instead, fitness is determined by a combination of the two that we call adaptive accuracy. For example, under quadratic stabilizing selection, the adaptive accuracy is proportional to the expected squared deviance of an individual phe ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... that may otherwise require several simultaneous point mutations (see Discussion). This might be particularly pertinent when diverse alleles evolved in different gene pools are being brought together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other ...
... that may otherwise require several simultaneous point mutations (see Discussion). This might be particularly pertinent when diverse alleles evolved in different gene pools are being brought together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other ...
variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... VARIATION AND SELECTION EXPLAINS SATISFACTION ...
... VARIATION AND SELECTION EXPLAINS SATISFACTION ...
Wright`s adaptive landscape versus Fisher`s fundamental theorem
... Fisher strongly rejected Wright’s characterization of the fundamental theorem and, in turn, severely criticized the adaptive landscape. At first glance, it may seem that the WrightFisher controversy ultimately comes down to the opposing views given by each combatant’s primary slogan: the adaptive la ...
... Fisher strongly rejected Wright’s characterization of the fundamental theorem and, in turn, severely criticized the adaptive landscape. At first glance, it may seem that the WrightFisher controversy ultimately comes down to the opposing views given by each combatant’s primary slogan: the adaptive la ...
mating-induced reversed role of sex pheromone in an insect
... odour alone in virgin and newly mated males. Males were tested in wind tunnel experiments with a linden flower extract (Fig.1). There was no statistical difference in the response levels of virgin (grey dot at 0ng of pheromone in Fig.1A) and mated (grey dot at 0ng of pheromone in Fig.1B) males ...
... odour alone in virgin and newly mated males. Males were tested in wind tunnel experiments with a linden flower extract (Fig.1). There was no statistical difference in the response levels of virgin (grey dot at 0ng of pheromone in Fig.1A) and mated (grey dot at 0ng of pheromone in Fig.1B) males ...
Teenage Pregnancy and Sexual Health Marketing
... contributed to the progress that has been made to date (for example reducing the under 18 conception rate by 10.7% and under 18 conceptions leading to birth by 23% since 1998, and significantly raising awareness of STIs and the importance of condom use). ...
... contributed to the progress that has been made to date (for example reducing the under 18 conception rate by 10.7% and under 18 conceptions leading to birth by 23% since 1998, and significantly raising awareness of STIs and the importance of condom use). ...
Hybrid Sterility, Haldane`s Rule and Speciation in Heliconius cydno
... in Gamboa, Republic of Panama, between August 1998 and ...
... in Gamboa, Republic of Panama, between August 1998 and ...
Sexology - Doctors.am
... dominate in medical thinking. The experts with endocrine bias were considered as advanced ones in the field. As a result all variety of sexual difficulties and dysfunctions started to be interpreted by qualitative and quantitative changes of sexual and other hormones. ...
... dominate in medical thinking. The experts with endocrine bias were considered as advanced ones in the field. As a result all variety of sexual difficulties and dysfunctions started to be interpreted by qualitative and quantitative changes of sexual and other hormones. ...
Chapters 22-23 Evolution - Seattle Central College
... ► Provides a benchmark for comparison with evolving populations ► Frequencies of alleles will remain constant over time if only Mendelian segregation and recombination are at work. ...
... ► Provides a benchmark for comparison with evolving populations ► Frequencies of alleles will remain constant over time if only Mendelian segregation and recombination are at work. ...
Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Elite Athletes
... results were surprising and they left behind questions. Therefore, Benedict and Klein's study concluded in 1997 and I wanted to pick up from where they left off in 1997 to see if the trends they found in arrest and conviction rates between elite athletes and non-athletes still held true today. ...
... results were surprising and they left behind questions. Therefore, Benedict and Klein's study concluded in 1997 and I wanted to pick up from where they left off in 1997 to see if the trends they found in arrest and conviction rates between elite athletes and non-athletes still held true today. ...
And Hast Thou Slain the Jabberwock? Response to Wallen
... adaptation–it must have a genetic basis, influence reproductive success, and so on–“are, in fact, requirements to show that natural selection is currently operating on a character, not to show that selection has shaped the character over the evolutionary history of the species” (Puts, 2006, p. 104). ...
... adaptation–it must have a genetic basis, influence reproductive success, and so on–“are, in fact, requirements to show that natural selection is currently operating on a character, not to show that selection has shaped the character over the evolutionary history of the species” (Puts, 2006, p. 104). ...
1 The Origin of the Origin - Beck-Shop
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
1 The Origin of the Origin - Beck-Shop
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
Excerpt - Assets - Cambridge University Press
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
... all that we have Darwin’s detailed notebooks – perhaps because the notebooks are so detailed – there has been debate about the exact course of Darwin’s thinking. Darwin himself always claimed that he started with artificial selection, realizing that this was the way in which breeders change their an ...
Evolution of Cooperation in a Heterogeneous Graph: Fixation
... process is called ‘death-birth’ updating). Ohtsuki et al.’s theoretical results show that if all individuals have the same number of neighbors, denoted by k, then the fixation probability of a single cooperator exactly equals 1=N if there is no selection, and, under weak selection, it is larger than ...
... process is called ‘death-birth’ updating). Ohtsuki et al.’s theoretical results show that if all individuals have the same number of neighbors, denoted by k, then the fixation probability of a single cooperator exactly equals 1=N if there is no selection, and, under weak selection, it is larger than ...
Section 6.3: Mendel and Heredity
... – He used only purebred pea plants; – He exercised control over the breeding (making sure the desired crosses took place); – And his observations were of “either-or” traits that appeared in only two alternate forms. • He did not look at traits that might have been codominant or polygenic. ...
... – He used only purebred pea plants; – He exercised control over the breeding (making sure the desired crosses took place); – And his observations were of “either-or” traits that appeared in only two alternate forms. • He did not look at traits that might have been codominant or polygenic. ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.