Adaptive Speciation: Theory and Evolutionary Experiments
... On the ecology of speciation: Evolutionary branching (evolutionary convergence to fitness minima) is a generic outcome of frequency-dependent interactions due to competition, predation, and mutualism. (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting e ...
... On the ecology of speciation: Evolutionary branching (evolutionary convergence to fitness minima) is a generic outcome of frequency-dependent interactions due to competition, predation, and mutualism. (First models of evolutionary branching in the late 90’s; to date over 40 publications reporting e ...
major evolutionary transitions in flowering plant reproduction
... in comparison with outcrossing relatives, consistent with reduced activity and spread of repetitive elements in inbreeders. One of the main messages of this article is that as genomic data rapidly accumulate over the coming years, there will be exciting new opportunities to test evolutionary theory ...
... in comparison with outcrossing relatives, consistent with reduced activity and spread of repetitive elements in inbreeders. One of the main messages of this article is that as genomic data rapidly accumulate over the coming years, there will be exciting new opportunities to test evolutionary theory ...
When two invasion hypotheses are better than one
... biotic factors (Catford et al., 2009), including enemies, competitors, and mutualists. Some of these hypotheses explicitly consider interactions between multiple factors (e.g. competition and herbivory in the Enemy of My Enemy Hypothesis (Colautti et al., 2004)), yet relatively few empirical studies ...
... biotic factors (Catford et al., 2009), including enemies, competitors, and mutualists. Some of these hypotheses explicitly consider interactions between multiple factors (e.g. competition and herbivory in the Enemy of My Enemy Hypothesis (Colautti et al., 2004)), yet relatively few empirical studies ...
What Evolution Is - Wesley Grove Chapel
... fossilized because they were too small or because they were soft-bodied Molecular comparisons among living organisms point to a hypothetical common ancestor hundreds of millions of years before the Cambrian ...
... fossilized because they were too small or because they were soft-bodied Molecular comparisons among living organisms point to a hypothetical common ancestor hundreds of millions of years before the Cambrian ...
Evolution
... Predators learn to avoid monarch butterflies because they contain a poison that is distasteful and can cause the predator to get sick. The viceroy butterfly finds protection by closely resembling the monarch. What is this adaptation in the viceroy called? ...
... Predators learn to avoid monarch butterflies because they contain a poison that is distasteful and can cause the predator to get sick. The viceroy butterfly finds protection by closely resembling the monarch. What is this adaptation in the viceroy called? ...
Lesson Overview
... 1. Biogeography is the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past. 2. Two biogeographical patterns are significant to Darwin’s theory. a. The first is a pattern in which closely related species differentiate in slightly different climates. b. The second is ...
... 1. Biogeography is the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past. 2. Two biogeographical patterns are significant to Darwin’s theory. a. The first is a pattern in which closely related species differentiate in slightly different climates. b. The second is ...
Natives adapting to invasive species: ecology, genes
... relatively more novel genotype-by-environment interactions represented by new genera (rather than species in a genus already present) colonizing a habitat may represent an instantaneous ‘‘niche-creation’’ process. In such cases, where colonization succeeds due to low levels of competition with nativ ...
... relatively more novel genotype-by-environment interactions represented by new genera (rather than species in a genus already present) colonizing a habitat may represent an instantaneous ‘‘niche-creation’’ process. In such cases, where colonization succeeds due to low levels of competition with nativ ...
AP BIO 100% May 2nd
... Common misconception that organisms evolve. Gradual changes occur throughout a population over time. The overall evolution of populations is called microevolution (evolutions ...
... Common misconception that organisms evolve. Gradual changes occur throughout a population over time. The overall evolution of populations is called microevolution (evolutions ...
Kawamiya, Nobuo
... Improvement of Imanishi's theory by Mizuhata lies on the following: Imanishi did not recognize the vital importance of competition among morphological variants because he respected equality of individuals in a species extremely highly and, besides, he favored orthogenetic view of evolution. In contr ...
... Improvement of Imanishi's theory by Mizuhata lies on the following: Imanishi did not recognize the vital importance of competition among morphological variants because he respected equality of individuals in a species extremely highly and, besides, he favored orthogenetic view of evolution. In contr ...
How Evolution Works - The Teacher-Friendly Guide™ to Evolution
... Charles Darwin is best known for his 1859 publication On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in which he proposed the rst credible mechanism for evolutionary change: natural selection, sometimes also called “Darwinism.” ...
... Charles Darwin is best known for his 1859 publication On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in which he proposed the rst credible mechanism for evolutionary change: natural selection, sometimes also called “Darwinism.” ...
(English, 40 pages)
... South America. He hypothesised that the different species with different beaks had arisen through adaptation to local ecological conditions on different islands as a result of natural selection. Evidence from other species suggested that geographical separation of each island population was an impor ...
... South America. He hypothesised that the different species with different beaks had arisen through adaptation to local ecological conditions on different islands as a result of natural selection. Evidence from other species suggested that geographical separation of each island population was an impor ...
Exam IV Evolution Notes
... 2. NOTHING is done for the good of the species!! 3. Think about what would happen to a gene that created altruistic behavior. a. It would soon eliminate itself. VII. Other Evidence of Evolution A. Comparative anatomy: compare skeletal similarities of related species 1. homologous structures (and ana ...
... 2. NOTHING is done for the good of the species!! 3. Think about what would happen to a gene that created altruistic behavior. a. It would soon eliminate itself. VII. Other Evidence of Evolution A. Comparative anatomy: compare skeletal similarities of related species 1. homologous structures (and ana ...
I. Misconceptions about evolutionary theory and processes
... and the fact that some of those variants may be able to leave more offspring in the next generation than other variants. That genetic variation is generated by random mutation — a process that is unaffected by what organisms in the population want or what they are “trying” to do. Either an individua ...
... and the fact that some of those variants may be able to leave more offspring in the next generation than other variants. That genetic variation is generated by random mutation — a process that is unaffected by what organisms in the population want or what they are “trying” to do. Either an individua ...
Russian comparative embryology takes form: a conceptual
... he believed in a certain degree of parallelism between ontogenetic and phylogenetic processes: the embryos of distantly related species diverge earlier in development than those of closely related species. He did not, however, think that natural selection, alone, was sufficient to cause such evoluti ...
... he believed in a certain degree of parallelism between ontogenetic and phylogenetic processes: the embryos of distantly related species diverge earlier in development than those of closely related species. He did not, however, think that natural selection, alone, was sufficient to cause such evoluti ...
Extinctions: Georges Cuvier
... vertebrates, there are facts that clash with recapitulation. A human does not develop a wing or a hoof before forming a hand—humans, birds, and horses all begin with limb buds, which then diverge into different adult limbs. ...
... vertebrates, there are facts that clash with recapitulation. A human does not develop a wing or a hoof before forming a hand—humans, birds, and horses all begin with limb buds, which then diverge into different adult limbs. ...
Developmental plasticity and the origin of species differences
... A common kind of developmental recombination is crosssexual transfer, or the transfer of trait expression from one sex to the other (5, 12–14). The hypothesis that cross-sexual transfer has produced the origin of a novel phenotype is particularly subject to tests because the hormonal mechanisms resp ...
... A common kind of developmental recombination is crosssexual transfer, or the transfer of trait expression from one sex to the other (5, 12–14). The hypothesis that cross-sexual transfer has produced the origin of a novel phenotype is particularly subject to tests because the hormonal mechanisms resp ...
June 10, 2002 12:5 Annual Reviews AR163-FM
... rather of evaluating a theory, knowing at some point that it will have to be modified or even superseded. Put another way, if Darwin was wrong, then we should all be lucky enough to be as wrong as he was. Since Darwin was writing at a time when nothing was known about mutations and genetics, how cou ...
... rather of evaluating a theory, knowing at some point that it will have to be modified or even superseded. Put another way, if Darwin was wrong, then we should all be lucky enough to be as wrong as he was. Since Darwin was writing at a time when nothing was known about mutations and genetics, how cou ...
Descent with Modification-A Darwinian View of Life
... A century and a half ago, Charles Darwin was inspired to develop a scientific explanation for these three broad observations. When he published his hypothesis in The Origin of Species, Darwin ushered in a scientific revolution—the era of evolutionary biology. For now, we will define evolution as des ...
... A century and a half ago, Charles Darwin was inspired to develop a scientific explanation for these three broad observations. When he published his hypothesis in The Origin of Species, Darwin ushered in a scientific revolution—the era of evolutionary biology. For now, we will define evolution as des ...
forms and foundations of contemporary adaptation to
... The extent and magnitude of contemporary evolution in the North American soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma is remarkable in several respects. Already widely diversified into host races on native sapinds, during the past half century these insects have evolved races on introduced sapinds. These deriva ...
... The extent and magnitude of contemporary evolution in the North American soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma is remarkable in several respects. Already widely diversified into host races on native sapinds, during the past half century these insects have evolved races on introduced sapinds. These deriva ...
Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth
... (Fig. 2b) has been measured in the field and may be sufficiently strong enough to cause significant evolutionary change within a relatively short time period (in some case studies, less than one hundred generations, see Majerus 2009; Majerus and Mundy 2003). Moreover, Klingsolver and Pfennig (2007) ...
... (Fig. 2b) has been measured in the field and may be sufficiently strong enough to cause significant evolutionary change within a relatively short time period (in some case studies, less than one hundred generations, see Majerus 2009; Majerus and Mundy 2003). Moreover, Klingsolver and Pfennig (2007) ...
Macroevolutionary processes
... • Adaptive radiation still commonly assumed prior to investigation; results then used to characterize “an example of adaptive radiation”—circular reasoning!! • Few studies have adequately demonstrated divergence in both phenotypic (e.g., morphological, anatomical) traits and ecological differentiati ...
... • Adaptive radiation still commonly assumed prior to investigation; results then used to characterize “an example of adaptive radiation”—circular reasoning!! • Few studies have adequately demonstrated divergence in both phenotypic (e.g., morphological, anatomical) traits and ecological differentiati ...
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
... A century and a half ago, Charles Darwin was inspired to develop a scientific explanation for these three broad observations. When he published his hypothesis in The Origin of Species, Darwin ushered in a scientific revolution—the era of evolutionary biology. For now, we will define evolution as descen ...
... A century and a half ago, Charles Darwin was inspired to develop a scientific explanation for these three broad observations. When he published his hypothesis in The Origin of Species, Darwin ushered in a scientific revolution—the era of evolutionary biology. For now, we will define evolution as descen ...
Adaptive Radiation - Princeton University Press
... answers to these questions because they comprise groups of distinctive yet closely related species. An adaptive radiation is the product of differentiation of an ancestral species into an array of descendant species that differ in the way they exploit the environment. When the differentiation has pr ...
... answers to these questions because they comprise groups of distinctive yet closely related species. An adaptive radiation is the product of differentiation of an ancestral species into an array of descendant species that differ in the way they exploit the environment. When the differentiation has pr ...
Evolution
... Predators learn to avoid monarch butterflies because they contain a poison that is distasteful and can cause the predator to get sick. The viceroy butterfly finds protection by closely resembling the monarch. What is this adaptation in the viceroy called? ...
... Predators learn to avoid monarch butterflies because they contain a poison that is distasteful and can cause the predator to get sick. The viceroy butterfly finds protection by closely resembling the monarch. What is this adaptation in the viceroy called? ...
extinction Lyell`s views on organic progression, evolution and
... group were extremely rare in marine deposits of the same age. The London Clay, for example, contains only marine fish and reptiles, notably turtles and crocodiles. In contrast, the Jurassic Stonesfield Slate contains mammals, indicating a reversal in the presumed order of progression. Lyell was prep ...
... group were extremely rare in marine deposits of the same age. The London Clay, for example, contains only marine fish and reptiles, notably turtles and crocodiles. In contrast, the Jurassic Stonesfield Slate contains mammals, indicating a reversal in the presumed order of progression. Lyell was prep ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.