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ORIGIN OF SPECIES
ORIGIN OF SPECIES

... B. Sympatric speciation  Evolution of different species WITHOUT geographic isolation  Can be due to: o Polyploidy in plants is the doubling of chromosomes from one generation to ...
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in

... Darwin also described a form of natural selection that depends on an organism's success at attracting a mate, a process known as sexual selection. The colorful plumage of peacocks and the antlers of male deer are both examples of traits that evolved under this type of selection. But Darwin wasn't th ...
Unit Three - Owen County Schools
Unit Three - Owen County Schools

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... each organism is determined by that organism's ability to adapt to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book called, "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life" (1859) or "The Origin of Species" for short. Af ...
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Natural Selection and Evolution of mammals

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BIOE 103

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Pre/Post-Test KEY Evolution April 14, 2012

... A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate. C. A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes. D. The la ...
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Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of

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... visited preferentially by pollinating insects and so are more successful at producing offspring. The whiteflowered plants, by contrast, leave only 75% of the descendents that red-flowered plants do. We arbitrarily assign a fitness value of 1.0 to the more successful genotypes; thus the fitness of RR ...
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Microevolution

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... (body structures and characteristics) of the individuals within every population. An organism's phenotype may influence its ability to find, obtain, or utilize its resources (food, water, shelter, etc.) and also might affect the organism's ability to reproduce. In any particular environment, the gro ...
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Evolution Concept List Part 1 Chapter 15 1. Use the following terms

... 3. The word radiation is derived from the Latin radius, which means “rod” or “ray.” Using this information, explain the meaning of adaptive radiation. 4. Define the biological process of evolution. 5. Contrast Cuvier’s catastrophism with Lyell’s uniformitarianism. 6. Describe how the finch species o ...
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The Theory of Evolution

... ______ 4. The traits of individuals best adapted to survive become more common in each new generation because a. offspring without those traits do not survive. b. the alleles responsible for those traits increase through natural selection. c. those individuals do not breed. d. natural selection does ...
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Lecture Outline Ch 23 Natural Selection

... 1. Alpine skypilots did not get bigger and sweeter because bumblebees landed on them, but because the individuals with big, sweet flowers were pollinated more frequently and were more reproductively successful. 2. Individuals may change during their lifetime (acclimation), but only because they inhe ...
Ch. 22 Descent with Modification
Ch. 22 Descent with Modification

... Individuals whose inherited traits give them a high probability of  surviving and reproducing in a given environment have higher  fitness and are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals ...
Artificial selection - 7sciencewithmcmillan
Artificial selection - 7sciencewithmcmillan

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One - Dr Debra Anderson

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UNIT II – PLANT DIVERSITY

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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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