Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... has a wide distribution of cognate receptors extending its effects on central as well as peripheral targets, thereby regulating various physiological mechanisms such as feeding, energy metabolism, arousal, onset of REM, reward, and autonomic function.34–38 Clinical studies have underscored the impor ...
... has a wide distribution of cognate receptors extending its effects on central as well as peripheral targets, thereby regulating various physiological mechanisms such as feeding, energy metabolism, arousal, onset of REM, reward, and autonomic function.34–38 Clinical studies have underscored the impor ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... Comment to a papers of Field, Tomassy, Gibson: In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination ...
... Comment to a papers of Field, Tomassy, Gibson: In his comment on the paper by Tomassy et al.(1), Douglas Fields (2) said:” It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality”. The revolutionary data demonstrated that myelination ...
Types of Insomnia
... ▫ Conditioned arousal: bed and bedroom become unconscious cue for arousal because of past experiences ▫ Trying too hard: spending time in bed when cannot sleep ▫ Worrying: because of having difficulty in sleeping, people may become worry ...
... ▫ Conditioned arousal: bed and bedroom become unconscious cue for arousal because of past experiences ▫ Trying too hard: spending time in bed when cannot sleep ▫ Worrying: because of having difficulty in sleeping, people may become worry ...
Nightmare Complaints in Treatment-Seeking Patients
... Of 718 patients, 186 (or 26% of the entire sample) ranked nightmares as a relevant sleep problem. Their average duration ± SD of nightmares was 14.34 ± 17.48 years. The mean ± SD age of these patients with nightmares was 45.70 ± 13.50 years, compared with 50.46 ± 13.08 years in those without nightma ...
... Of 718 patients, 186 (or 26% of the entire sample) ranked nightmares as a relevant sleep problem. Their average duration ± SD of nightmares was 14.34 ± 17.48 years. The mean ± SD age of these patients with nightmares was 45.70 ± 13.50 years, compared with 50.46 ± 13.08 years in those without nightma ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... the polysomnography and spindle-defined sleep onset that often involves an alternation between stage 1 ‘sleep’ and wake before the occurrence of the stage 1 episode that ends with sleep onset. This episode, often referred to as the sleep onset period, marks a period of gradual change operating at ev ...
... the polysomnography and spindle-defined sleep onset that often involves an alternation between stage 1 ‘sleep’ and wake before the occurrence of the stage 1 episode that ends with sleep onset. This episode, often referred to as the sleep onset period, marks a period of gradual change operating at ev ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... in the consolidation of declarative memories. This hypothesis is derived from a variety of experiments that involve manipulation of sleep cycles around word-pair learning tasks. There are two popular theories that attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms: the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis sugg ...
... in the consolidation of declarative memories. This hypothesis is derived from a variety of experiments that involve manipulation of sleep cycles around word-pair learning tasks. There are two popular theories that attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms: the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis sugg ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
Assessment methodologies in sleep medicine clinical trials
... EDS. A common treatment of OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a nasal mask during sleep to prevent pharyngeal airway collapse [5] . The severity of OSA is commonly tracked by the apneahypopneas index (AHI), which is defined as the number of complete breathing pauses (apneas) and p ...
... EDS. A common treatment of OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a nasal mask during sleep to prevent pharyngeal airway collapse [5] . The severity of OSA is commonly tracked by the apneahypopneas index (AHI), which is defined as the number of complete breathing pauses (apneas) and p ...
The Role of Melatonin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
... Primary Endpoint: Sleep latency of 30 minutes or less on 5 or more nights per week Published in Journal of Sleep Research 2012 Design: Randomized, double-blind, 12-week Intervention: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), melatonin CR, or CBT + melatonin CR versus placebo Subjects: Age 4-10 years, diag ...
... Primary Endpoint: Sleep latency of 30 minutes or less on 5 or more nights per week Published in Journal of Sleep Research 2012 Design: Randomized, double-blind, 12-week Intervention: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), melatonin CR, or CBT + melatonin CR versus placebo Subjects: Age 4-10 years, diag ...
Psychiatric aspects of organic sleep disorders
... panic attacks,54 and psychotic episodes,55 it is with depression that it has been the most frequently associated. In fact, depressive symptoms are considered to be a typical clinical manifestation of OSAS,56 though the nature of the relationship is poorly understood. Right from the initial studies i ...
... panic attacks,54 and psychotic episodes,55 it is with depression that it has been the most frequently associated. In fact, depressive symptoms are considered to be a typical clinical manifestation of OSAS,56 though the nature of the relationship is poorly understood. Right from the initial studies i ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... Key words: hypothalamus; peptides; lesion; sleep; REM sleep; circadian rhythm ...
... Key words: hypothalamus; peptides; lesion; sleep; REM sleep; circadian rhythm ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... anisms are elusive. Here we review evidence suggesting a particular role for the hippocampus in encoding and consolidating memories that is enhanced by sleep. Memory systems and explicitness in memory In recent years there has accumulated strong evidence that sleep supports consolidation of both pro ...
... anisms are elusive. Here we review evidence suggesting a particular role for the hippocampus in encoding and consolidating memories that is enhanced by sleep. Memory systems and explicitness in memory In recent years there has accumulated strong evidence that sleep supports consolidation of both pro ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... disconnected from the brainstem. In 1966, Roffwarg and colleagues introduced the ontogenetic hypothesis, which addressed the preponderance of active sleep in early infancy. This hypothesis posited that the brainstem mechanisms that produce active sleep provide direct ascending stimulation to the for ...
... disconnected from the brainstem. In 1966, Roffwarg and colleagues introduced the ontogenetic hypothesis, which addressed the preponderance of active sleep in early infancy. This hypothesis posited that the brainstem mechanisms that produce active sleep provide direct ascending stimulation to the for ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... waves, and the neural substrates underlying the progressive attenuation of sensory awareness, motor responsiveness, and arousal that occur during slow wave sleep (SWS). However, several peculiarities of the experimental design adopted by Hofle et al. may have biased their results. First and most imp ...
... waves, and the neural substrates underlying the progressive attenuation of sensory awareness, motor responsiveness, and arousal that occur during slow wave sleep (SWS). However, several peculiarities of the experimental design adopted by Hofle et al. may have biased their results. First and most imp ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical factor in correlations between sleep and metabolic processes as well. Of note, sleep quality is not unr ...
... slow-wave sleep intensity or integrity), not just the quantity of sleep, is crucial for sleep-related processes such as memory and learning.22 It is possible that sleep quality may be the critical factor in correlations between sleep and metabolic processes as well. Of note, sleep quality is not unr ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... sound of one's own name is more likely to arouse a sleeper than some other sound, and the cry of her infant is more likely to arouse a sleeping mother than a cry of another infant. CONSTITUENTS OF SLEEP Sleep consists of two strikingly different states, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NR ...
... sound of one's own name is more likely to arouse a sleeper than some other sound, and the cry of her infant is more likely to arouse a sleeping mother than a cry of another infant. CONSTITUENTS OF SLEEP Sleep consists of two strikingly different states, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NR ...
Insomnia and Emotion Regulation
... distraction, which was the only strategy associated with better sleep quality. In particular, aggressive suppression and worry showed to be associated with worse sleep quality. More recently, Nota & Coles [53] confirmed that rumination is cross-sectionally associated with short sleep duration. Howev ...
... distraction, which was the only strategy associated with better sleep quality. In particular, aggressive suppression and worry showed to be associated with worse sleep quality. More recently, Nota & Coles [53] confirmed that rumination is cross-sectionally associated with short sleep duration. Howev ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... - dominant rhythm in awake state at rest (with mind wandering and eyes closed). most marked in PARIETO-OCCIPITAL area. regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over ...
... - dominant rhythm in awake state at rest (with mind wandering and eyes closed). most marked in PARIETO-OCCIPITAL area. regular 8-12 Hz, 20-100 μV waves; normal frequency is age dependent (if frequency is less than normal for age group – it is abnormality!) amplitude often waxes and wanes over ...
Sleep paralysis
Sleep paralysis is a phenomenon in which a person either during falling asleep (Hypnagogia) or awakening (Hypnopompic), temporarily experiences an inability to move, speak, or react. It is a transitional state between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by muscle atonia (muscle weakness). It is often accompanied by terrifying hallucinations (such as an intruder in the room) to which one is unable to react due to paralysis, and physical experiences (such as strong current running through the upper body). One hypothesis is that it results from disrupted REM sleep, which normally induces complete muscle atonia to prevent sleepers from acting out their dreams. Sleep paralysis has been linked to disorders such as narcolepsy, migraines, anxiety disorders, and obstructive sleep apnea; however, it can also occur in isolation.