08. pons + midbrain
... 1-Crus cerebri (Basis pedunculi) : the most anterior part which consists entirely of pyramidal & cortico-pontine fibres. 2-Substantia nigra : a thick lamina of grey matter formed of deeply pigmented nerve cells lying behind crus cerebri. It is an Extrapyramidal motor centre. 3-Tegmentum : the post. ...
... 1-Crus cerebri (Basis pedunculi) : the most anterior part which consists entirely of pyramidal & cortico-pontine fibres. 2-Substantia nigra : a thick lamina of grey matter formed of deeply pigmented nerve cells lying behind crus cerebri. It is an Extrapyramidal motor centre. 3-Tegmentum : the post. ...
1 Paparella: Volume III: Head and Neck Section 2: Disorders of the
... the individual laryngeal muscles are innervated by relatively discrete subnuclei in more caudal zones; most caudally, the cells of the nucleus ambiguus send axons into the cranial part of the accessory nerve. Only a few special visceral efferent fibers destined for the vagus nerve pass from the nucl ...
... the individual laryngeal muscles are innervated by relatively discrete subnuclei in more caudal zones; most caudally, the cells of the nucleus ambiguus send axons into the cranial part of the accessory nerve. Only a few special visceral efferent fibers destined for the vagus nerve pass from the nucl ...
Renata Ziemi nska TWO NOTIONS OF THE INTERNAL AND
... the introspective access criterion.4 Therefore, we may say that epistemic externalism falls into three kinds: (1) ground externalism, (2) adequacy externalism, and (3) connection externalism. I shall focus here on ground externalism only, since it is the main concern of my argument; Kim claims that ...
... the introspective access criterion.4 Therefore, we may say that epistemic externalism falls into three kinds: (1) ground externalism, (2) adequacy externalism, and (3) connection externalism. I shall focus here on ground externalism only, since it is the main concern of my argument; Kim claims that ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... remaining 5 cases in the medial medulla elicited contralateral inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. ...
... remaining 5 cases in the medial medulla elicited contralateral inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. ...
CME Restoration of Elbow Flexion after Brachial Plexus Injury: The
... The goals of treatment are to restore grade M4 or M4⫹ elbow flexion with a range of motion that will allow the hand to reach the face. Although many studies report obtaining M5 elbow flexion, it is unlikely that full strength is ever achieved. Realistically, M4⫹ strength is the best one can expect f ...
... The goals of treatment are to restore grade M4 or M4⫹ elbow flexion with a range of motion that will allow the hand to reach the face. Although many studies report obtaining M5 elbow flexion, it is unlikely that full strength is ever achieved. Realistically, M4⫹ strength is the best one can expect f ...
Pain Take Home Messages
... a. Pains that arise associated with missing anatomy i. Amputation does not remove sensation or perception that the missing anatomy still exists ii. Most common in limbs 1) Phantom pains can be menstrual cramps after hysterectomy, erection in lost penis, in the rectum, b. 50-85% of amputees have phan ...
... a. Pains that arise associated with missing anatomy i. Amputation does not remove sensation or perception that the missing anatomy still exists ii. Most common in limbs 1) Phantom pains can be menstrual cramps after hysterectomy, erection in lost penis, in the rectum, b. 50-85% of amputees have phan ...
- Wiley Online Library
... World primate) were investigated using histological techniques and a multiple labelling strategy, in which horseradish peroxidase-conjugated neuroanatomical tracers (CTB-HRP and WGA-HRP) and fluorescent tracers were injected into individual facial muscles. The facial motor nucleus was formed by mult ...
... World primate) were investigated using histological techniques and a multiple labelling strategy, in which horseradish peroxidase-conjugated neuroanatomical tracers (CTB-HRP and WGA-HRP) and fluorescent tracers were injected into individual facial muscles. The facial motor nucleus was formed by mult ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
FACIAL NERVE TRAUMA
... Shapira et all (2006) performed a retrospective review looking at 33 patients who underwent nerve decompression. They found no significant difference in overall results between those undergoing early (<30 days post-injury) vs. late (>30 days postinjury) decompression ...
... Shapira et all (2006) performed a retrospective review looking at 33 patients who underwent nerve decompression. They found no significant difference in overall results between those undergoing early (<30 days post-injury) vs. late (>30 days postinjury) decompression ...
Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans
... in the vestibular fold often remains active in the case of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and may be innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (Sanders et al., 1993; Reidenbach, 1998). Three separate compartments of the vestibular muscle were hypothesized to produce medial movement, often seen du ...
... in the vestibular fold often remains active in the case of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and may be innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (Sanders et al., 1993; Reidenbach, 1998). Three separate compartments of the vestibular muscle were hypothesized to produce medial movement, often seen du ...
Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... “The anterior funiculus in the [kyphotic] group, was the most extensively compressed, showed most marked histologic changes such as demyelination and irregularity of the spared myelin sheath.” “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the ky ...
... “The anterior funiculus in the [kyphotic] group, was the most extensively compressed, showed most marked histologic changes such as demyelination and irregularity of the spared myelin sheath.” “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the ky ...
Ch_14_lecture_presentation
... nerves. For this view, the dura and arachnoid membranes have been cut longitudinally and retracted (pulled aside); notice the blood vessels that run in the subarachnoid space bound to the outer surface of the delicate pia mater. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... nerves. For this view, the dura and arachnoid membranes have been cut longitudinally and retracted (pulled aside); notice the blood vessels that run in the subarachnoid space bound to the outer surface of the delicate pia mater. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Radial Medial Head Triceps Branch Transfer to Axillary Nerve by
... stability of the shoulder. Satisfactory results are obtained with trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, and latissimus dorsi transfer, but local nerve transfers are preferred to avoid biomechanical alterations.2,3 The main priorities in nerve transfer are elbow flexion and arm abduction.4 ...
... stability of the shoulder. Satisfactory results are obtained with trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, and latissimus dorsi transfer, but local nerve transfers are preferred to avoid biomechanical alterations.2,3 The main priorities in nerve transfer are elbow flexion and arm abduction.4 ...
Common Upper Extremity Nerve Entrapment
... in early disease making a diagnosis challenging. If muscle weakness or atrophy is present in late stage disease the diagnosis is more readily made. Most injuries will have subtle features of a more classical nerve entrapment syndrome. Most physicians have little experience recognizing, diagnosing or ...
... in early disease making a diagnosis challenging. If muscle weakness or atrophy is present in late stage disease the diagnosis is more readily made. Most injuries will have subtle features of a more classical nerve entrapment syndrome. Most physicians have little experience recognizing, diagnosing or ...
Pain Control System
... 4. perception of pain 5. neural pathways for pain 6. referred and radiating pain 7. modulation of pain perception 8. endogenous analgesia system 9. gate control theory 10. applications of this theory (acupuncture and TENS) ...
... 4. perception of pain 5. neural pathways for pain 6. referred and radiating pain 7. modulation of pain perception 8. endogenous analgesia system 9. gate control theory 10. applications of this theory (acupuncture and TENS) ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... relative simplicity of the neural circuits that mediate vestibular reflexes have also proven to be well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same ...
... relative simplicity of the neural circuits that mediate vestibular reflexes have also proven to be well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same ...
Somatic sensation pain
... • Electrical stimulation leads to • strong arousal effect on nervous activity through out the entire brain • Thus pain signals – arouse overall brain excitability • It is almost impossible for a person to sleep when is in severe pain ...
... • Electrical stimulation leads to • strong arousal effect on nervous activity through out the entire brain • Thus pain signals – arouse overall brain excitability • It is almost impossible for a person to sleep when is in severe pain ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... 3.3 Convergence of muscle afferents to the reflex pathway ..................................................... 31 3.3.1 Modulation of the NWR by tonic noxious muscle stimulation ................................... 32 3.3.2 Sensory convergence of homotopic transient stimuli ......................... ...
... 3.3 Convergence of muscle afferents to the reflex pathway ..................................................... 31 3.3.1 Modulation of the NWR by tonic noxious muscle stimulation ................................... 32 3.3.2 Sensory convergence of homotopic transient stimuli ......................... ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...
Ergonomics
... The Median nerve starts in the upper limb and runs down the arm into the palm. It originates from the brachial plexus (a network of fibers) running from the spine. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause ...
... The Median nerve starts in the upper limb and runs down the arm into the palm. It originates from the brachial plexus (a network of fibers) running from the spine. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause ...
Introduction to Data Communication Networks - DSpace
... Anatomy of the Nervous systems Neuron cells are the information-processing units of the brain ...
... Anatomy of the Nervous systems Neuron cells are the information-processing units of the brain ...
Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Conditions
... vertebral column – Loss or change in sensation anywhere in the body – Paralysis or inability to move a body part – Diminished or absent reflexes – Muscle weakness in a myotome – Pain radiating into the extremities – Trunk or abdominal pain referred from visceral organs – Any injury involving uncerta ...
... vertebral column – Loss or change in sensation anywhere in the body – Paralysis or inability to move a body part – Diminished or absent reflexes – Muscle weakness in a myotome – Pain radiating into the extremities – Trunk or abdominal pain referred from visceral organs – Any injury involving uncerta ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... causes of those images and, as these causes cannot be perceived directly, they must be inferred from sensory impressions (Helmholtz 1860/1962). In his study of optics, he noted that the richness of the brain’s visual perceptions contrasted with the signals coming from retinal nerves, which he felt c ...
... causes of those images and, as these causes cannot be perceived directly, they must be inferred from sensory impressions (Helmholtz 1860/1962). In his study of optics, he noted that the richness of the brain’s visual perceptions contrasted with the signals coming from retinal nerves, which he felt c ...
Nervous System Module - Year 2 Semester 1 Number of Credit – 8
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
Neurophysiologic Testing - UnitedHealthcareOnline.com
... that generates precision tremor frequency and amplitude information. TremReport TM is a utility for generating comprehensive reports from tremor records and written interpretations. The current standard in evaluating Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UP ...
... that generates precision tremor frequency and amplitude information. TremReport TM is a utility for generating comprehensive reports from tremor records and written interpretations. The current standard in evaluating Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UP ...
Proprioception
Proprioception (/ˌproʊpri.ɵˈsɛpʃən/ PRO-pree-o-SEP-shən), from Latin proprius, meaning ""one's own"", ""individual,"" and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement. In humans, it is provided by proprioceptors in skeletal striated muscles (muscle spindles) and tendons (Golgi tendon organ) and the fibrous capsules in joints. It is distinguished from exteroception, by which one perceives the outside world, and interoception, by which one perceives pain, hunger, etc., and the movement of internal organs. The brain integrates information from proprioception and from the vestibular system into its overall sense of body position, movement, and acceleration. The word kinesthesia or kinæsthesia (kinesthetic sense) strictly means movement sense, but has been used inconsistently to refer either to proprioception alone or to the brain's integration of proprioceptive and vestibular inputs.