Amino acid transport systems of lysosomes
... transport system was shown in my laboratory also to be accountable for cystine accumulation, in the same disease, in human skin fibroblasts. My subsequent interest has proceeded principally along the lines of the question whether the lysosomal membrane has an extensive set of such transport systems, ...
... transport system was shown in my laboratory also to be accountable for cystine accumulation, in the same disease, in human skin fibroblasts. My subsequent interest has proceeded principally along the lines of the question whether the lysosomal membrane has an extensive set of such transport systems, ...
Role of cryo-ET in membrane bioenergetics research
... Subtomogram averaging is a technique which can both identify known proteins and determine previously unknown protein structures within tomograms [14,16–18,40] (Figure 2E). Individual subvolumes containing the protein of interest are extracted from the tomogram, aligned with each other and averaged t ...
... Subtomogram averaging is a technique which can both identify known proteins and determine previously unknown protein structures within tomograms [14,16–18,40] (Figure 2E). Individual subvolumes containing the protein of interest are extracted from the tomogram, aligned with each other and averaged t ...
TRYPSIN SYNTHESIS AND STORAGE AS ZYMOGEN IN THE
... (Hernández-Cortes et al., 1999a). Molecular techniques have been used to describe gene cDNAs of enzymes involved in digestion (Van Wormhoudt et al., 1995; Klein et al., 1996; Hernández-Cortes et al., 1999a). However, the information is limited because it does not provide insight on system physiolo ...
... (Hernández-Cortes et al., 1999a). Molecular techniques have been used to describe gene cDNAs of enzymes involved in digestion (Van Wormhoudt et al., 1995; Klein et al., 1996; Hernández-Cortes et al., 1999a). However, the information is limited because it does not provide insight on system physiolo ...
4 - Merck Millipore
... Aminoglycosides, such as kanamycin: irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis following their binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Disruption in protein synthesis by aminoglycosides occurs by three different modes: (a) by interfering with the initiation complex; (b) by inducing a misre ...
... Aminoglycosides, such as kanamycin: irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis following their binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Disruption in protein synthesis by aminoglycosides occurs by three different modes: (a) by interfering with the initiation complex; (b) by inducing a misre ...
Text - PDF
... aquacultured Oncorhynchus mykiss are not much different from those of other rapidly growing farm animals. He found that rainbow trout was utilized either a dispensable amino acids mixture or alanine alone as effectively as casein as energy source. In the present study seven amino acids (proline, ala ...
... aquacultured Oncorhynchus mykiss are not much different from those of other rapidly growing farm animals. He found that rainbow trout was utilized either a dispensable amino acids mixture or alanine alone as effectively as casein as energy source. In the present study seven amino acids (proline, ala ...
Introduction to Protein Structure
... the tertiary structure of a protein resides in the chemistry of its amino acid sequence. […] It was demonstrated that, after cleavage of disulfide bonds and disruption of tertiary structure, many proteins could spontaneously refold to their native forms. This work resulted in general acceptance of t ...
... the tertiary structure of a protein resides in the chemistry of its amino acid sequence. […] It was demonstrated that, after cleavage of disulfide bonds and disruption of tertiary structure, many proteins could spontaneously refold to their native forms. This work resulted in general acceptance of t ...
Amino Acid Sequences and Evolutionary Relationships
... their relationship. Conversely, the greater the differences, the more distant the relationship. Further, biologists have found that such biochemical evidence compares favorably with other lines of evidence for evolutionary relationships. An interesting additional line of evidence supporting evolutio ...
... their relationship. Conversely, the greater the differences, the more distant the relationship. Further, biologists have found that such biochemical evidence compares favorably with other lines of evidence for evolutionary relationships. An interesting additional line of evidence supporting evolutio ...
Peptide inhibitors of the essential cell division protein FtsA
... the prokaryotic cell division machinery to identify attractive new targets because they encode essential proteins leading to a lethal phenotype when inhibited. These proteins are highly conserved in bacterial species but absent in eukaryotic cells. They are extremely sensitive to inhibition because ...
... the prokaryotic cell division machinery to identify attractive new targets because they encode essential proteins leading to a lethal phenotype when inhibited. These proteins are highly conserved in bacterial species but absent in eukaryotic cells. They are extremely sensitive to inhibition because ...
Passenger Protein Determines Translocation Versus Retention in
... lumen, integral membrane proteins embed in the ER membrane through one or more of their transmembrane segments. Furthermore, N-glycosylation and signal peptide cleavage are cotranslational modifications of proteins in the ER, performed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) and signal peptidase complex, ...
... lumen, integral membrane proteins embed in the ER membrane through one or more of their transmembrane segments. Furthermore, N-glycosylation and signal peptide cleavage are cotranslational modifications of proteins in the ER, performed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) and signal peptidase complex, ...
Lecture 10 Thurs 4-27-06
... B. Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (IRBCs): 1. Adhesion to vascular endothelium is a key factor in pathogenicity and is dependent on the Plasmodium protein PfEMP1 and endothelial receptors including CD36. 2. Evidence that binding of IRBCs to CD36 on endothelial cells activates a signaling pathwa ...
... B. Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (IRBCs): 1. Adhesion to vascular endothelium is a key factor in pathogenicity and is dependent on the Plasmodium protein PfEMP1 and endothelial receptors including CD36. 2. Evidence that binding of IRBCs to CD36 on endothelial cells activates a signaling pathwa ...
Purification and amino acid sequence of sakacin A, a
... the calculated and the determined M , values indicated that the cysteine residues existed in the reduced state and were not engaged in intramolecular cystine bridging. Furthermore, when sakacin A was heated with 1 mM-Pmercaptoethanol at 80 "C for 10 min to ensure that the thiol residues existed in t ...
... the calculated and the determined M , values indicated that the cysteine residues existed in the reduced state and were not engaged in intramolecular cystine bridging. Furthermore, when sakacin A was heated with 1 mM-Pmercaptoethanol at 80 "C for 10 min to ensure that the thiol residues existed in t ...
The ATP-Cone: An Evolutionarily Mobile, ATP
... by YbaD, that are encoded by most bacteria with large genomes and Chlamydiae. In these proteins, ATP-cone is combined with an N-terminal Zn-ribbon domain that could be involved in nucleic acid-binding (Figure 3). In Streptomyces, the gene encoding this protein is in the same operon as the gene for t ...
... by YbaD, that are encoded by most bacteria with large genomes and Chlamydiae. In these proteins, ATP-cone is combined with an N-terminal Zn-ribbon domain that could be involved in nucleic acid-binding (Figure 3). In Streptomyces, the gene encoding this protein is in the same operon as the gene for t ...
Chapter 3 Notes
... • receptor proteins, built into cell membranes, which receive and transmit signals into your cells, • contractile proteins found within muscle cells, • structural proteins such as collagen, which form the long, strong fibers of connective tissues, and • storage proteins, which serve as a source of a ...
... • receptor proteins, built into cell membranes, which receive and transmit signals into your cells, • contractile proteins found within muscle cells, • structural proteins such as collagen, which form the long, strong fibers of connective tissues, and • storage proteins, which serve as a source of a ...
Origin of amino acid homochirality: Relationship with the RNA world
... However, although none of these possibilities can be completely denied, biological homochirality should be considered in terms of the evolution of life on the Earth (Bailey, 1998). I will focus on the origin of the homochirality of amino acids based on the aminoacylation of primitive tRNA. It is def ...
... However, although none of these possibilities can be completely denied, biological homochirality should be considered in terms of the evolution of life on the Earth (Bailey, 1998). I will focus on the origin of the homochirality of amino acids based on the aminoacylation of primitive tRNA. It is def ...
Microbial enzyme secretion
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a very important industrial strain for amino acid production. This study investigated establishing this microbe for protein secretion. Aspergillus protein secretion http://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ ...
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a very important industrial strain for amino acid production. This study investigated establishing this microbe for protein secretion. Aspergillus protein secretion http://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ ...
The presence of monoglucosylated N196
... hexamerins have been shown to suppress juvenile hormone-dependent worker differentiation into the soldier caste phenotype [17]. It has also been suggested that hexamerins function as ecdysteroid-carrier proteins in the haemolymph. This conclusion was based on the observation that spider (Eurypelma c ...
... hexamerins have been shown to suppress juvenile hormone-dependent worker differentiation into the soldier caste phenotype [17]. It has also been suggested that hexamerins function as ecdysteroid-carrier proteins in the haemolymph. This conclusion was based on the observation that spider (Eurypelma c ...
Interactions of liposomes and lipid-based carrier systems with blood
... liposome membrane such that the probability that all the binding sites will be broken at the same time is minimal [17]. However, proteins that are readily displaceable are probably not recovered with the liposomes using the spin column procedure or by ultracentrifugation procedures as a result of di ...
... liposome membrane such that the probability that all the binding sites will be broken at the same time is minimal [17]. However, proteins that are readily displaceable are probably not recovered with the liposomes using the spin column procedure or by ultracentrifugation procedures as a result of di ...
a Gene Involved in the Regulation of Amino Acid
... grew more slowly than the parent AATl leu2 strain on adenine, alanine, aspartate, serine, threonine and urea; these differences were not observed in the aatl LEU2 strain. Amino acid transport assays The linkage of the aatl growth phenotypes with the presence of the leu2 allele suggests that growth i ...
... grew more slowly than the parent AATl leu2 strain on adenine, alanine, aspartate, serine, threonine and urea; these differences were not observed in the aatl LEU2 strain. Amino acid transport assays The linkage of the aatl growth phenotypes with the presence of the leu2 allele suggests that growth i ...
Creation/Evolution - Geoscience Research Institute
... The net effect of wobble base pairing is to reduce the number of tRNAs that must be produced by a cell In reality cells do not make 61 different tRNAs, one for each codon Many tRNAs have anticodons that anneal to several different codons Codons are known for which there are more than one tRNA, altho ...
... The net effect of wobble base pairing is to reduce the number of tRNAs that must be produced by a cell In reality cells do not make 61 different tRNAs, one for each codon Many tRNAs have anticodons that anneal to several different codons Codons are known for which there are more than one tRNA, altho ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
Novel surface layer protein genes in Bacillus
... S-layers of both strains bind high amounts of uranium in a strain-specific way (Raff, 2002; Raff & Selenska-Pobell, 2004). This indicates that the S-layers play a key role in interactions of the bacteria with metals (Raff, 2002). Interestingly, the S-layers of the B. sphaericus strains JGA12 and NCT ...
... S-layers of both strains bind high amounts of uranium in a strain-specific way (Raff, 2002; Raff & Selenska-Pobell, 2004). This indicates that the S-layers play a key role in interactions of the bacteria with metals (Raff, 2002). Interestingly, the S-layers of the B. sphaericus strains JGA12 and NCT ...
The Carboxyl Terminus of the Prolactin
... ABBREVIATIONS: GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PDZ, PSD-95, Discs-large, ZO-1; PrRP, prolactin-releasing peptide; AMPA, ␣-amino-3hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PrRP-R, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor; HEK, human embryonic kidney; GRIP, glutamate re ...
... ABBREVIATIONS: GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PDZ, PSD-95, Discs-large, ZO-1; PrRP, prolactin-releasing peptide; AMPA, ␣-amino-3hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PrRP-R, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor; HEK, human embryonic kidney; GRIP, glutamate re ...
PSI
... PolyQ domains can expand and contract PolyQ often serve to mediate interaction between proteins Expansion of polyQ stretches can result in toxicity of corresponding proteins while their contraction may inhibit biological function of these proteins Insertion of non-Q/N amino acid residues int ...
... PolyQ domains can expand and contract PolyQ often serve to mediate interaction between proteins Expansion of polyQ stretches can result in toxicity of corresponding proteins while their contraction may inhibit biological function of these proteins Insertion of non-Q/N amino acid residues int ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.