Mutational properties of amino acid residues
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
PROTEINS IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC
... present. In the light of this synchrony, the remaining 19 undivided amebae were considered to have been in a late part of the G2 stage at the time of nuclear isolations. All nuclei were isolated in a spermidine-triton solution (4). T h e mean radioactive protein content of these 19 G2 nuclei was 413 ...
... present. In the light of this synchrony, the remaining 19 undivided amebae were considered to have been in a late part of the G2 stage at the time of nuclear isolations. All nuclei were isolated in a spermidine-triton solution (4). T h e mean radioactive protein content of these 19 G2 nuclei was 413 ...
Fatty and Amino acids composition of Bactrocera zonata as affected
... Legends as in table (1). The amino acids constituents of males and females irradiated as 5 day old pupae with substerilizing and sterilizing doses are shown in Tables (6 and 7). Table (6) shows that the effects of pupal irradiation as 5 day old at the dose levels 70 and 90Gy on the concentration per ...
... Legends as in table (1). The amino acids constituents of males and females irradiated as 5 day old pupae with substerilizing and sterilizing doses are shown in Tables (6 and 7). Table (6) shows that the effects of pupal irradiation as 5 day old at the dose levels 70 and 90Gy on the concentration per ...
An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on
... 34 kDa that was specifically recognised by an anti-HA antibody (Figure 3a, right panel, red arrow). This protein was not detected in samples that had not been treated with p19. As little as a single N. benthamiana-infiltrated leaf (70– 100 mg) was required for the purification and detection by Cooma ...
... 34 kDa that was specifically recognised by an anti-HA antibody (Figure 3a, right panel, red arrow). This protein was not detected in samples that had not been treated with p19. As little as a single N. benthamiana-infiltrated leaf (70– 100 mg) was required for the purification and detection by Cooma ...
p-Adic Modelling of the Genome and the Genetic Code
... chain. The mRNA is synthesized during the first part of this process, known as transcription, when nucleotides C, A, T, G from DNA are respectively transcribed into their complements G, U, A, C in mRNA, where T is replaced by U (U is the uracil, which is a pyrimidine). The next step in gene expressi ...
... chain. The mRNA is synthesized during the first part of this process, known as transcription, when nucleotides C, A, T, G from DNA are respectively transcribed into their complements G, U, A, C in mRNA, where T is replaced by U (U is the uracil, which is a pyrimidine). The next step in gene expressi ...
nmr.evilia.190303
... In structure work, J coupling is critical to measuring the bond angles and dihedral angles between nuclei. The Karplus equation is used to calculate the dihedral angles for 3 bond or vicinal coupling: J = A + B cosq+ C cos2q Where A, B, C are coefficients that depend on the nuclei ...
... In structure work, J coupling is critical to measuring the bond angles and dihedral angles between nuclei. The Karplus equation is used to calculate the dihedral angles for 3 bond or vicinal coupling: J = A + B cosq+ C cos2q Where A, B, C are coefficients that depend on the nuclei ...
Cross-linking in the Living Cell Locates the Site of Action of
... binding to the ribosome and interfering with its functions in protein synthesis. The ribosome, whose size exceeds that of an average antibiotic by four orders of magnitude, presents multiple possibilities for the antibiotic binding (1, 2). Furthermore, in the course of translation, the ribosome cycl ...
... binding to the ribosome and interfering with its functions in protein synthesis. The ribosome, whose size exceeds that of an average antibiotic by four orders of magnitude, presents multiple possibilities for the antibiotic binding (1, 2). Furthermore, in the course of translation, the ribosome cycl ...
Diapositiva 1 - ASCRS/ASOA 2008
... right and left eyes of a single subject. All the normal electrophoretic bands are clearly more intense (increased evaporation?) ...
... right and left eyes of a single subject. All the normal electrophoretic bands are clearly more intense (increased evaporation?) ...
Proteases of Senescing Oat Leaves
... modification reagent. The acid protease was completely unaffected by omitted. Material eluted from a hemoglobin-Sepharose affinity chelators, but data on the neutral protease were equivocal. column was dialyzed against 10 mm sodium phosphate buffer (pH All protein substrates tested were attacked by ...
... modification reagent. The acid protease was completely unaffected by omitted. Material eluted from a hemoglobin-Sepharose affinity chelators, but data on the neutral protease were equivocal. column was dialyzed against 10 mm sodium phosphate buffer (pH All protein substrates tested were attacked by ...
Crystal structure of the S187F variant of human liver alanine
... Ramachandran favored (%) Ramachandran outliers (%) Rotamer outliers (%) ...
... Ramachandran favored (%) Ramachandran outliers (%) Rotamer outliers (%) ...
Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding acidophilic amylase
... conditions (data not shown). Therefore, the 160 kDa form was apparently not a disulphide-linkeddimer of the 90 kDa form. The amount of protein in the 90 kDa and 160 kDa bands was approximately the same, yet the starch-degrading activity of the 160 kDa protein was much higher (Fig. 1). Thus, the 160 ...
... conditions (data not shown). Therefore, the 160 kDa form was apparently not a disulphide-linkeddimer of the 90 kDa form. The amount of protein in the 90 kDa and 160 kDa bands was approximately the same, yet the starch-degrading activity of the 160 kDa protein was much higher (Fig. 1). Thus, the 160 ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
... studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding protein that recognizes this RNA element. When the protein is bound ...
... studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding protein that recognizes this RNA element. When the protein is bound ...
Molecular architecture of the glomerular slit
... protein leakage through the glomerular capillary wall itself, or direct spreading of glomerular damage to the extraglomerular space appears to lead to a sequence of downstream events including interstitial inflammation and, finally, the loss of nephron function [5]. Podocytes interlinked by the slit ...
... protein leakage through the glomerular capillary wall itself, or direct spreading of glomerular damage to the extraglomerular space appears to lead to a sequence of downstream events including interstitial inflammation and, finally, the loss of nephron function [5]. Podocytes interlinked by the slit ...
NSPKU
... Enzymes are like chemical scissors needed for the breakdown of protein into amino acids. The body uses these amino acids for growing, building up muscle and helping the body stay healthy. ...
... Enzymes are like chemical scissors needed for the breakdown of protein into amino acids. The body uses these amino acids for growing, building up muscle and helping the body stay healthy. ...
... Choice B: A protein has a native molecular weight of 180 kDa. SDS-PAGE obtained in the presence of β-mercatoethanol (BME) shows three bands of equal intensity, with molecular weight of 10 (αchain), 30(β-chain), and 50(γ-chain) kDa. i) What technique was used to determine the native molecular weight? ...
exam2_2011_key
... Choice B: A protein has a native molecular weight of 180 kDa. SDS-PAGE obtained in the presence of -mercatoethanol (BME) shows three bands of equal intensity, with molecular weight of 10 (chain), 30(-chain), and 50(γ-chain) kDa. i) What technique was used to determine the native molecular weight? ...
... Choice B: A protein has a native molecular weight of 180 kDa. SDS-PAGE obtained in the presence of -mercatoethanol (BME) shows three bands of equal intensity, with molecular weight of 10 (chain), 30(-chain), and 50(γ-chain) kDa. i) What technique was used to determine the native molecular weight? ...
Towards the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole
... Technological developments in the last decade have rendered metabolomics, the comprehensive study of small molecule metabolites, an important functional genomic tool (Fiehn, 2002; Sumner et al., 2003; Weckwerth, 2003; Farre et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2009; Saito and Matsuda, 2010). It is currentl ...
... Technological developments in the last decade have rendered metabolomics, the comprehensive study of small molecule metabolites, an important functional genomic tool (Fiehn, 2002; Sumner et al., 2003; Weckwerth, 2003; Farre et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2009; Saito and Matsuda, 2010). It is currentl ...
enzyme structure
... common being the ribosome; these are referred to as either RNA-enzymes or ribozymes. The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. However, although structure does determine function, predicting a novel enzyme's activity just from its structure is a very difficult pr ...
... common being the ribosome; these are referred to as either RNA-enzymes or ribozymes. The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. However, although structure does determine function, predicting a novel enzyme's activity just from its structure is a very difficult pr ...
The Second Exon-Encoded Factor XII Region Is Involved in the
... surface(s) is still unknown. FXII has been demonstrated to bind to endothelial cells and to neuthrophils,15-17 but it remains to be established if these cells may serve as activators of FXII in vivo. However, artificial negatively charged surfaces such as kaolin, ellagic acid, sulfatide micelles, an ...
... surface(s) is still unknown. FXII has been demonstrated to bind to endothelial cells and to neuthrophils,15-17 but it remains to be established if these cells may serve as activators of FXII in vivo. However, artificial negatively charged surfaces such as kaolin, ellagic acid, sulfatide micelles, an ...
What is similarity and homology? What is a good match? How does
... • Identify the genomic location of an mRNA, a cDNA, an exon or an EST (from the same species), i.e. mapping part of a transcript to the genome sequence • Identify similar (corresponding) genomic regions in relatively closely related species (e.g. mouse and human genomes) (synteny) Other examples: ...
... • Identify the genomic location of an mRNA, a cDNA, an exon or an EST (from the same species), i.e. mapping part of a transcript to the genome sequence • Identify similar (corresponding) genomic regions in relatively closely related species (e.g. mouse and human genomes) (synteny) Other examples: ...
PDF
... (44% identity) [11] and from the moderately thermophilic, methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina thermophila (38% identity) [14]. However, systematic analyses of the amino acid sequences of analogous mesophilic, moderately thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins, even in the case of small redox p ...
... (44% identity) [11] and from the moderately thermophilic, methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina thermophila (38% identity) [14]. However, systematic analyses of the amino acid sequences of analogous mesophilic, moderately thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins, even in the case of small redox p ...
Microsecond Rotational Dynamics of Spin-Labeled Ca
... correlation time does not change by more than 10% in the transient or steady-state phases of the Ca-ATPase cycle. While protein motion has been shown to be important to the function of the Ca-ATPase, this study indicates that changes in the microsecond protein rotational mobility, which would be cau ...
... correlation time does not change by more than 10% in the transient or steady-state phases of the Ca-ATPase cycle. While protein motion has been shown to be important to the function of the Ca-ATPase, this study indicates that changes in the microsecond protein rotational mobility, which would be cau ...
Strategy for Nonenveloped Virus Entry
... ascribed to ISVP-like particles, membrane disruption in vitro and membrane penetration within cells, are linked to N-myristoylated outer-capsid protein 1, present in 600 copies at the surfaces of ISVPs. To understand how 1 fulfills its role as the reovirus penetration protein, we monitored changes ...
... ascribed to ISVP-like particles, membrane disruption in vitro and membrane penetration within cells, are linked to N-myristoylated outer-capsid protein 1, present in 600 copies at the surfaces of ISVPs. To understand how 1 fulfills its role as the reovirus penetration protein, we monitored changes ...
lncRNA in
... – Approaches and Issues • Look for structural evidence – Structural possibility does not mean non-coding • Look for sequence binding motif – Could still be protein coding • Look for sequence similarity to known lncRNA – Not enough known about lncRNA and low evolutionary conservation ...
... – Approaches and Issues • Look for structural evidence – Structural possibility does not mean non-coding • Look for sequence binding motif – Could still be protein coding • Look for sequence similarity to known lncRNA – Not enough known about lncRNA and low evolutionary conservation ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.