Chapter2 Radiolabeled amino acids: basic aspects and
... precursors, amino acids can be crucial in metabolic cycles. For example, the amino acid methionine, derived from the diet, is part of the activated methyl cycle. In this important metabolic cycle, S-adenosylmethionine serves as a methyl group donor in many biosynthetic steps (3). Amino acid degradat ...
... precursors, amino acids can be crucial in metabolic cycles. For example, the amino acid methionine, derived from the diet, is part of the activated methyl cycle. In this important metabolic cycle, S-adenosylmethionine serves as a methyl group donor in many biosynthetic steps (3). Amino acid degradat ...
Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at
... by increasing dietary CP up to 140 g/kg dry matter ( D M ) relative to diets deficient in CP (90 g/kg D M ) ; however, further increases in dietary CP content often showed inconsistent responses (Clark and Davis, 1980). Increasing the supply o f CP to the small intestine by adding undegradable prote ...
... by increasing dietary CP up to 140 g/kg dry matter ( D M ) relative to diets deficient in CP (90 g/kg D M ) ; however, further increases in dietary CP content often showed inconsistent responses (Clark and Davis, 1980). Increasing the supply o f CP to the small intestine by adding undegradable prote ...
Novel regulatory roles of omega-3 fatty acids in metabolic pathways
... Mice fed a high n-3 PUFA diet showed a lower expression of regucalcin compared to mice fed a low n-3 PUFA diet (Table 1). Regucalcin is mainly expressed in rodent liver, and higher expression of regucalcin is linked to metabolic disorders including diabetes and lipid metabolism [38,39]. Regucalcin h ...
... Mice fed a high n-3 PUFA diet showed a lower expression of regucalcin compared to mice fed a low n-3 PUFA diet (Table 1). Regucalcin is mainly expressed in rodent liver, and higher expression of regucalcin is linked to metabolic disorders including diabetes and lipid metabolism [38,39]. Regucalcin h ...
The Arabidopsis Rab GTPase family: another
... eukaryotic Rab functions. Indeed, the available functional evidence suggests that one member of this set can account for the principal transport events between the major organelles of the biosynthetic and endocytic transport pathways (Figure 1c). In marked contrast, humans have at least 60 different ...
... eukaryotic Rab functions. Indeed, the available functional evidence suggests that one member of this set can account for the principal transport events between the major organelles of the biosynthetic and endocytic transport pathways (Figure 1c). In marked contrast, humans have at least 60 different ...
pdf-1 - The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology
... variety of research and diagnostic applications. No other current technology allows researchers to design and manufacture such highly specific molecular recognition tools. In addition to their high specificity, several important features make antibodies particularly conducive to development as probe ...
... variety of research and diagnostic applications. No other current technology allows researchers to design and manufacture such highly specific molecular recognition tools. In addition to their high specificity, several important features make antibodies particularly conducive to development as probe ...
Allosteric Modulators of Steroid Hormone Receptors: Structural
... molecule (reviewed in Ref. 60). From analysis of the amino acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of ...
... molecule (reviewed in Ref. 60). From analysis of the amino acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of ...
生物核磁共振波谱学NMR in Biological Science 闫永彬博士Yong
... Equilibrium NMR studies of unfolded and partially folded proteins Kinetic studies of protein folding using NMR spectroscopy Hydrogen Exchange in proteins using NMR Nucleic acids structure X-ray crystallography and NMR Nucleic acids structure NMR structures of large proteins and protein ...
... Equilibrium NMR studies of unfolded and partially folded proteins Kinetic studies of protein folding using NMR spectroscopy Hydrogen Exchange in proteins using NMR Nucleic acids structure X-ray crystallography and NMR Nucleic acids structure NMR structures of large proteins and protein ...
from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans
... molecular weight of phospholipase in centipede venom was determined by using snake venom such as that of Bothrops neuwiedii, which has a known molecular weight of 13,364 Da [7]. In this study, pharmacopuncture extracted from the body part of centipedes was studied to determine how effective it was. ...
... molecular weight of phospholipase in centipede venom was determined by using snake venom such as that of Bothrops neuwiedii, which has a known molecular weight of 13,364 Da [7]. In this study, pharmacopuncture extracted from the body part of centipedes was studied to determine how effective it was. ...
3. BIOMOLECULES I. CARBOHYDRATES
... 1. 11.1. Biosynthesis of lipids ................................................................................................. 1.1. 11. 1. 1. Biosynthesis of triglicerides ...................................................................... 1.1.1. 11.1.1.1. Biosynthesis of fatty acids ......... ...
... 1. 11.1. Biosynthesis of lipids ................................................................................................. 1.1. 11. 1. 1. Biosynthesis of triglicerides ...................................................................... 1.1.1. 11.1.1.1. Biosynthesis of fatty acids ......... ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
EP 1790660 B1
... [0020] The method will typically involve the steps of: obtaining nucleic acid encoding a protein of the invention; manipulating said nucleic acid to remove at least one domain from within the protein. The resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an ...
... [0020] The method will typically involve the steps of: obtaining nucleic acid encoding a protein of the invention; manipulating said nucleic acid to remove at least one domain from within the protein. The resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an ...
Mechanisms and applications of disulfide bond formation
... Proteins are made by a concerted process, with DNA being transcribed to mRNAs and mRNAs translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. The sequence of a protein determines its native structure and function (Anfinsen CB 1973). In nature, proteins are synthesized as linear polypeptides, the so c ...
... Proteins are made by a concerted process, with DNA being transcribed to mRNAs and mRNAs translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. The sequence of a protein determines its native structure and function (Anfinsen CB 1973). In nature, proteins are synthesized as linear polypeptides, the so c ...
FRET!
... Genetically expressible probes and FRET Objectives for today: • Why targeted and expressible probes • Aequorin & GFP mixed with theory • FRET Theory and photochemistry • The first cameleons ...
... Genetically expressible probes and FRET Objectives for today: • Why targeted and expressible probes • Aequorin & GFP mixed with theory • FRET Theory and photochemistry • The first cameleons ...
Invariant amino acids essential for decoding function of polypeptide
... Here, the decrease of the RF activity is highly selective: no change in response to UAA and UGA but a 3-fold loss of function toward UAG. Clearly, this selective inactivation is not due to damage of binding to the ribosome: two other activities are not affected at all and the GTPase activity of eRF3 ...
... Here, the decrease of the RF activity is highly selective: no change in response to UAA and UGA but a 3-fold loss of function toward UAG. Clearly, this selective inactivation is not due to damage of binding to the ribosome: two other activities are not affected at all and the GTPase activity of eRF3 ...
Type III secretion: The bacteria-eukaryotic cell
... T3S substrates among all the other bacterial proteins are still a matter of debate. The observation that led to this controversy was the finding that no mutations could be identified that specifically abolished secretion of the Yersinia proteins YopE and YopN, when their N-terminus is fused to a report ...
... T3S substrates among all the other bacterial proteins are still a matter of debate. The observation that led to this controversy was the finding that no mutations could be identified that specifically abolished secretion of the Yersinia proteins YopE and YopN, when their N-terminus is fused to a report ...
Nucleotide Sequence of fruA, the Gene Specifying Enzyme IIfru of
... a 2.5 kb PvuII restriction fragment spanningfruA+,cloned on a plasmid, was determined. This fragment contained three open reading frames (ORFs) but only one complete ORF, 1689 base pairs long, which was preceded by a well-defined Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ended with a rho-independent transcription ...
... a 2.5 kb PvuII restriction fragment spanningfruA+,cloned on a plasmid, was determined. This fragment contained three open reading frames (ORFs) but only one complete ORF, 1689 base pairs long, which was preceded by a well-defined Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ended with a rho-independent transcription ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... apolar side chains project into the lipid bilayer on the outside surface. βbarrel membrane proteins often function as aqueous pores that allow passage of small solutes. α-helical membrane proteins represent a conserved structural fold that is found in all organisms. In this class of proteins, the tr ...
... apolar side chains project into the lipid bilayer on the outside surface. βbarrel membrane proteins often function as aqueous pores that allow passage of small solutes. α-helical membrane proteins represent a conserved structural fold that is found in all organisms. In this class of proteins, the tr ...
Soy Protein Based Green Composite: A Review
... causing the protein to precipitate out of aqueous solution [14]. It has been found that the soy protein could not form a film at or near its isoelectric point (pH 4.5) due to the coagulation. However, proteins can be denatured and unfolded at pH values away from their isoelectric point, thus exposin ...
... causing the protein to precipitate out of aqueous solution [14]. It has been found that the soy protein could not form a film at or near its isoelectric point (pH 4.5) due to the coagulation. However, proteins can be denatured and unfolded at pH values away from their isoelectric point, thus exposin ...
View - BioOne
... The observed effects of monosulfuron on algal growth in this study are similar to those reported by Shen et al. (2005) for butachlor and acetochlor on several Anabaena species. Butachlor and acetochlor stimulated growth of these cyanobacteria under low concentrations (1 to 8 mg L21), but showed high ...
... The observed effects of monosulfuron on algal growth in this study are similar to those reported by Shen et al. (2005) for butachlor and acetochlor on several Anabaena species. Butachlor and acetochlor stimulated growth of these cyanobacteria under low concentrations (1 to 8 mg L21), but showed high ...
Ageing and the aggregating proteoglycans of
... modification of the intact proteoglycan after its secretion into the extracellular matrix. It is likely that all the above mechanisms are acting during the normal ageing process, though the evidence for multiple genes coding for the aggregating proteoglycans is still indirect. The change in glycosam ...
... modification of the intact proteoglycan after its secretion into the extracellular matrix. It is likely that all the above mechanisms are acting during the normal ageing process, though the evidence for multiple genes coding for the aggregating proteoglycans is still indirect. The change in glycosam ...
ARTICLE Functional analysis of mutations in SLC7A9, and genotype
... consanguineous and 7 probands were classified as non-Type I cystinuria heterozygotes; see Materials and Methods). The rest of the probands (117) were considered to be homozygotes or compound heterozygotes. Sixty-one non-Type I probands (38 Italian, 9 Libyan Jewish, 6 Spanish and 3 North American fam ...
... consanguineous and 7 probands were classified as non-Type I cystinuria heterozygotes; see Materials and Methods). The rest of the probands (117) were considered to be homozygotes or compound heterozygotes. Sixty-one non-Type I probands (38 Italian, 9 Libyan Jewish, 6 Spanish and 3 North American fam ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... The architecture of the nucleus is complex and the nuclear functions are precisely located in the nuclear volume. Morphologically distinct structures or nuclear bodies are present. They correspond to specialized domains implicated in essential processes such as transcription and splicing (Matera, 19 ...
... The architecture of the nucleus is complex and the nuclear functions are precisely located in the nuclear volume. Morphologically distinct structures or nuclear bodies are present. They correspond to specialized domains implicated in essential processes such as transcription and splicing (Matera, 19 ...
Mechanistic Studies Of Drug Resistance Conferred By An ABC
... important modules in the C-terminal domain of DrrA that might be essential for conformational interplay between DrrA and DrrB during the catalytic cycle. One module present at the extreme C terminus of DrrA consists of two separate motifs, DEF and CREEM. CREEM motif together with its upstream region ...
... important modules in the C-terminal domain of DrrA that might be essential for conformational interplay between DrrA and DrrB during the catalytic cycle. One module present at the extreme C terminus of DrrA consists of two separate motifs, DEF and CREEM. CREEM motif together with its upstream region ...
Identification of a structural motif that confers specific interaction with
... (STH) (Figure 2). The STO homolog has been sequenced by the Arabidopsis genome initiative and is located on chromosome II. The predicted protein (DDBJ/EMBL/ GenBank accession No. AAD26481) is one amino acid shorter than the protein encoded by the STH cDNA due to an error in exon±intron boundary pred ...
... (STH) (Figure 2). The STO homolog has been sequenced by the Arabidopsis genome initiative and is located on chromosome II. The predicted protein (DDBJ/EMBL/ GenBank accession No. AAD26481) is one amino acid shorter than the protein encoded by the STH cDNA due to an error in exon±intron boundary pred ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.