Lecture notes of International Edcation Local Anesthetics Definition
... LAs usually include three basic moiety：①lipophilic aromatic ring；②middle functional linker；③hydrophilic amino group. And the Las can be classified as esters or amides based on the structure of this intermediate chain. ...
... LAs usually include three basic moiety：①lipophilic aromatic ring；②middle functional linker；③hydrophilic amino group. And the Las can be classified as esters or amides based on the structure of this intermediate chain. ...
Kitonde et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10 (1):000
... The organic extracts of leaf (1.85) and flower (1.78) against S. aureus, had larger inhibition zones than the standard antibiotic (streptomycin 1.30). These results suggest that, these extracts could be used for management of bacterial diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus such as boils, sores an ...
... The organic extracts of leaf (1.85) and flower (1.78) against S. aureus, had larger inhibition zones than the standard antibiotic (streptomycin 1.30). These results suggest that, these extracts could be used for management of bacterial diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus such as boils, sores an ...
L04 Cannabinoids Part 1 Medicinal Plants
... more than 500 million people worldwide, it was spread in Vietnam War in 1970s and before, it was widely used because of its euphoric characteristics. It’s not legitimate to use Cannabis sativa in the majority of countries with the exception of some European countries where it’s not illegal to have C ...
... more than 500 million people worldwide, it was spread in Vietnam War in 1970s and before, it was widely used because of its euphoric characteristics. It’s not legitimate to use Cannabis sativa in the majority of countries with the exception of some European countries where it’s not illegal to have C ...
pharmazeutische zeitung
... prices to the reference price level. It remains to be seen if this situation will continue now that even patented drugs can be included in a reference price group in accordance with the GMG. The case of the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin (Sortis®) could be seen as a sign that the industry is begin ...
... prices to the reference price level. It remains to be seen if this situation will continue now that even patented drugs can be included in a reference price group in accordance with the GMG. The case of the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin (Sortis®) could be seen as a sign that the industry is begin ...
Safety of ophthalmic drug therapy: focus on adverse efiects
... also penetrate the systemic circulation, primarily through the absorption from the nasal mucosa (nasolacrimal drainage contributes to the systemic absorption of ophthalmic drugs applied to the conjunctival sac), and may locally penetrate the cornea and conjunctiva. Following transcorneal absorption, ...
... also penetrate the systemic circulation, primarily through the absorption from the nasal mucosa (nasolacrimal drainage contributes to the systemic absorption of ophthalmic drugs applied to the conjunctival sac), and may locally penetrate the cornea and conjunctiva. Following transcorneal absorption, ...
loading dose
... • Even though a drug’s clearance is shown to be statistically altered, this statistical difference does not necessarily create a clinical difference. ...
... • Even though a drug’s clearance is shown to be statistically altered, this statistical difference does not necessarily create a clinical difference. ...
What is Tiagabine? - Epilepsy Foundation
... Is this medicine safe to take during pregnancy? Tiagabine has an FDA pregnancy category of “C” meaning that the benefits of taking the medicine may outweigh the risks of harming the baby. If you find or suspect that you are pregnant, continue use of this medicine and contact your doctor right away. ...
... Is this medicine safe to take during pregnancy? Tiagabine has an FDA pregnancy category of “C” meaning that the benefits of taking the medicine may outweigh the risks of harming the baby. If you find or suspect that you are pregnant, continue use of this medicine and contact your doctor right away. ...
lsd (lysergic acid diethylamide)
... enter a dream-like state, feeling as though they are having mystical experiences. However users can also experience high levels of anxiety, dizziness or disorientation. Interacts badly with both alcohol and cannabis ...
... enter a dream-like state, feeling as though they are having mystical experiences. However users can also experience high levels of anxiety, dizziness or disorientation. Interacts badly with both alcohol and cannabis ...
ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT What is ART and ARV? ART is a
... after starting ART. Most ARVs can be taken with a full meal in order to avoid nausea. If drugs have to be taken on an empty stomach, small amounts of non-fatty food can be taken with the drug. The doctor can also prescribe anti-nausea drugs. What should be done if ARV drugs cause side effects, espec ...
... after starting ART. Most ARVs can be taken with a full meal in order to avoid nausea. If drugs have to be taken on an empty stomach, small amounts of non-fatty food can be taken with the drug. The doctor can also prescribe anti-nausea drugs. What should be done if ARV drugs cause side effects, espec ...
Healing, Health, and Horticulture
... Additional index words. ancient and traditional, medicine, blackberries, raspberries, Rubus Abstract. The genus Rubus L., indigenous to six continents, includes blackberries, raspberries, and their hybrids and is commonly referred to as brambles or briers. Rubus species were a food and medicinal sou ...
... Additional index words. ancient and traditional, medicine, blackberries, raspberries, Rubus Abstract. The genus Rubus L., indigenous to six continents, includes blackberries, raspberries, and their hybrids and is commonly referred to as brambles or briers. Rubus species were a food and medicinal sou ...
A hypothesis on peculiar pharmacological behaviour of biologically
... Can the higher activity of natural extracts be explained only in terms of synergistic effects or should some other aspects be considered? It must be emphasized that life is based on molecular interactions. In an interesting recent guest editorial in ‘Accounts of Chemical Research’, [17] the origin o ...
... Can the higher activity of natural extracts be explained only in terms of synergistic effects or should some other aspects be considered? It must be emphasized that life is based on molecular interactions. In an interesting recent guest editorial in ‘Accounts of Chemical Research’, [17] the origin o ...
Drug - Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics
... Part 1: Introduction What are drugs? Part 2: Pharmacodynamics What do drugs do to the body? Part 3: Pharmacokinetics What does the body do to drugs? Part 4: Drug Dosing How do we design drug dosing regimens? ...
... Part 1: Introduction What are drugs? Part 2: Pharmacodynamics What do drugs do to the body? Part 3: Pharmacokinetics What does the body do to drugs? Part 4: Drug Dosing How do we design drug dosing regimens? ...
ironshore pharmaceuticals announces fda acceptance of hld200
... evening (PM) subscales, which may become important screening and assessment tools in the clinical setting.” ...
... evening (PM) subscales, which may become important screening and assessment tools in the clinical setting.” ...
what are opioids?
... Opioids are a class of drug which include morphine, pethidine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, buprenorphine, opium, and heroin. In medical settings opioids are used for pain relief and can bring on feelings of well being. They act as a depressant on the central nervous system which means they slow d ...
... Opioids are a class of drug which include morphine, pethidine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, buprenorphine, opium, and heroin. In medical settings opioids are used for pain relief and can bring on feelings of well being. They act as a depressant on the central nervous system which means they slow d ...
General Principles of Pharmacology
... – A. Fat – lipophilic drugs accumulate here and are released slowly (due to low blood flow) » Ex: thiopental (or other anesthetic) – causes ↑ sedation in obese patients – B. Bone – Ca++ binding drugs accumulate here » Ex: tetracycline can deposit in bone and teeth → will cause mottling or discolorat ...
... – A. Fat – lipophilic drugs accumulate here and are released slowly (due to low blood flow) » Ex: thiopental (or other anesthetic) – causes ↑ sedation in obese patients – B. Bone – Ca++ binding drugs accumulate here » Ex: tetracycline can deposit in bone and teeth → will cause mottling or discolorat ...
Definitions
... pleasure system, or reward circuit, one of the major sources of incentive and behavioral motivation. Activities that produce pleasure tend to activate the ventral tegmentum, and psychostimulant drugs (such as cocaine) directly target this area. Hence, it is widely implicated in neurobiological theor ...
... pleasure system, or reward circuit, one of the major sources of incentive and behavioral motivation. Activities that produce pleasure tend to activate the ventral tegmentum, and psychostimulant drugs (such as cocaine) directly target this area. Hence, it is widely implicated in neurobiological theor ...
Impending approval of a dangerous amphetamine drug
... control (EMA/CHMP/311805/2014), Prescrire insisted on the need to use morbidity and mortality endpoints to evaluate whether or not the effects on weight translate into improved prognosis, and on the need for proactive, intensive monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ref. 8). As of 2014 there are sev ...
... control (EMA/CHMP/311805/2014), Prescrire insisted on the need to use morbidity and mortality endpoints to evaluate whether or not the effects on weight translate into improved prognosis, and on the need for proactive, intensive monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ref. 8). As of 2014 there are sev ...
Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients
... C. The patient regularly takes herbal and dietary supplements. D. The patient takes a medication with a high therapeutic index. ...
... C. The patient regularly takes herbal and dietary supplements. D. The patient takes a medication with a high therapeutic index. ...
- OptiNose
... majority (75%) of these doctors agree that the nasal sprays on the market today fail to deliver the drug far enough inside the nasal cavities to make a difference. Newer methods may turn this reliance on inhalation on its head by exploring the possibility of exhaling in order to facilitate getting m ...
... majority (75%) of these doctors agree that the nasal sprays on the market today fail to deliver the drug far enough inside the nasal cavities to make a difference. Newer methods may turn this reliance on inhalation on its head by exploring the possibility of exhaling in order to facilitate getting m ...
Barbiturates
... – Morphine and codeine are made from raw opium and can further be refined into heroin – Synthetic opiates include methadone and pethidine • Opiates have been used as medicines for a long time – Today, morphine is used as a pain relief • Example: for terminally ill cancer patients – Certain cough med ...
... – Morphine and codeine are made from raw opium and can further be refined into heroin – Synthetic opiates include methadone and pethidine • Opiates have been used as medicines for a long time – Today, morphine is used as a pain relief • Example: for terminally ill cancer patients – Certain cough med ...
Pharm_essays
... GC are steroid hormones. Endogenous GC are produced from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex and have general metabolic and systemic effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Exogenous GC given therapeutically have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The mechanism of GC act ...
... GC are steroid hormones. Endogenous GC are produced from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex and have general metabolic and systemic effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Exogenous GC given therapeutically have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The mechanism of GC act ...
Routes of drug administration
... Nitroglycerin, as a softer sublingual tablet [2 min disintegration time] may be used for the rapid relief of angina. This ROA is also used for some steroids such as testosterone and oxytocin while nicotine-containing chewing gum may be used for cigarette smoking replacement. ...
... Nitroglycerin, as a softer sublingual tablet [2 min disintegration time] may be used for the rapid relief of angina. This ROA is also used for some steroids such as testosterone and oxytocin while nicotine-containing chewing gum may be used for cigarette smoking replacement. ...
... compounds. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/ close to the cut off and below it. This ensures that a high proporMS) in the laboratory quantifies drugs and metabolites individu- tion of the people tested and found positive will be positively ally. These metabolites will generally form only ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Drugs act by occupying receptor sites on target organs innervated by parasympathetic nervous system leaving fewer receptor sites free to respond to acetylcholine. Parasympathetic response is absent or decreased depending on number of receptors ...
... Drugs act by occupying receptor sites on target organs innervated by parasympathetic nervous system leaving fewer receptor sites free to respond to acetylcholine. Parasympathetic response is absent or decreased depending on number of receptors ...
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as ""the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.""It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.