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What are examples of common agonists and antogonists?
What are examples of common agonists and antogonists?

... • Agonists facilitate the effects of neurotransmitters. Antagonists inhibit the effects of neurotransmitters. • Agonists and antagonists may influence synaptic transmission in a number of ways: ...
A Review: Stereochemical consideration and eudismic ratio in chiral
A Review: Stereochemical consideration and eudismic ratio in chiral

... School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, Shirpur campus, Near AgraMumbai highway, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, Pin 425 405, India Abstract: Over the past fifteen to twenty years, the stereochemistry is gaining prime importance in pharmaceutical practice. As a result of ...
Access to UnApproved Medicine:
Access to UnApproved Medicine:

... possibly save your life was just out of reach— available to others—but not to you? It’s a reality that for many patients with rare and difficult to diagnose conditions. They may have exhausted all available commercial therapies for their disease, they may not have access to a clinical trial, or ther ...
Medication
Medication

...  May increase effects of warfarin  Dose limits with cyclosporine, ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor treatment, and gemfibrozil  Use with other cholesterol/lipid lowering medications, such as fibrates and niacin, may increase risk of muscle pain and ...
Narcotics and OD`s Uppsala University, Sweden, November 25th
Narcotics and OD`s Uppsala University, Sweden, November 25th

... Overdoses rates in Norway have been on a decline since its peak in 2001. This is a trend that is contrasting Sweden and Finland, as well as many other EU-countries. Although overdose rates are declining in Norway, we have had among Europe’s highest mortality rates from overdoses, and as a response t ...
Misuse of amphetamines and related drugs
Misuse of amphetamines and related drugs

... This article discusses the misuse of drugs which act as stimulants, an effect mainly produced by enhancement of the central transmission of catecholamines, particularly dopamine. Stimulant misuse is extremely widespread in the UK and elsewhere, but primary users of such drugs present relatively rare ...
Benton Daly (Fall `10  file)
Benton Daly (Fall `10 file)

... There are many reasons why GSK is ethically wrong in the decisions they are making with Avandia. The key issue that GSK has in this case is that they were aware of the health risks associated with taking Avandia. The most devastating fact is that they might have known about the health risks when Ava ...
Dose-Response Concept
Dose-Response Concept

... 90 days is the most common test duration but 30 days to 90 days can be used Usually oral administration of the chemical via food; also implant Used to further characterize the specific organs affected by test compound after repeated administration of the chemical ...
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B.Pharm-Syllabus

... Pharmacological / Therapeutical and Chemotaxonomical classification of drugs. ...
Substance Use, Addictions and Related Behaviours
Substance Use, Addictions and Related Behaviours

... - Attitude toward sports and other activities? - Weight or physical activity? - Eating or sleeping habits? - Friends or peer group? - Behaviour? - Future plans? ...
Stratified medicine
Stratified medicine

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Case 3 continued
Case 3 continued

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vegetation dynamics in the western himalayas, diversity indices and
vegetation dynamics in the western himalayas, diversity indices and

... both at individual and aggregate levels. The complex and dynamic Himalayas with their varying climate and topography exhibit diverse vegetation that provides a range of ecosystem services. The biodiversity of these mountains is also under the influence of diverse human cultures and land uses. The pr ...
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Guideline on clinical investigation of new medicinal
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... endpoint should be analysed as secondary endpoint. Comment: The wording “analysed as secondary endpoint” can be interpreted as “analysed within an alpha-preserving multiple testing strategy”. If this is the meaning it could be questioned then whether this is really necessary. It is clear that the co ...
The Pharmacological Management of Hypertension
The Pharmacological Management of Hypertension

... Stop the resorption of sodium hence promoting its excretion leading to more urine being produced. Flushes excess fluids and minerals from the body Act within 1-2 hours of administration and generally have a duration of action of 12-24 ...
Clinically Relevant Specifications FDA Perspective
Clinically Relevant Specifications FDA Perspective

... clinical experience…. a higher qualification threshold can be appropriate for individual drugs when the level of concern for safety is less than usual based on similar considerations (e.g., patient population, drug class effects, clinical considerations).” o The standard identification and qualifica ...
ImmuTest Drug/Adulterant Screen Card
ImmuTest Drug/Adulterant Screen Card

... Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulant and a local anesthetic found in the leaves of the coca plant. The psychological effects induced by using cocaine are euphoria, confidence and sense of increased energy. These psychological effects are accompanied by increased heart rate, dilation ...
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology African Journal
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology African Journal

... quantities significantly in herbs (Mustafa et al., 2004). It is important to have a good quality control for herbal medicines in order to protect consumers from contamination (Chwan-Bor et al., 2003). Therefore, it is a critical challenge to determine the concentration of essential elements, heavy a ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine

...  Phentermine is used together with diet and exercise to treat obesity (overweight) in people with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.  Phentermine is used to counteract the effect of morphine in cancer patient ( narcotic effect) .  The first sign that appears ...
“Greatest Drug In The World” Activity
“Greatest Drug In The World” Activity

... 1. a. Had you heard of “personalized medicine” prior to watching this film? b. What does the phrase mean to you now? a. Students will respond to indicate their prior knowledge of the phrase, ‘personalized medicine’. b. Personalized medicine refers to the tailoring of preventative, diagnostic or ther ...
The FDA`s Final Guidance on Naming Biologics, Including Biosimilars
The FDA`s Final Guidance on Naming Biologics, Including Biosimilars

... substitution of biological products that have not been deemed interchangeable. According to the FDA, its chosen naming convention will also help manufacturers identify the correct product at issue with ease in response to claims made by consumers, and if necessary, assist manufacturers in determinin ...
Biologically Based Systems
Biologically Based Systems

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mucoadhesion, floating drug delivery systems
mucoadhesion, floating drug delivery systems

... are specifically absorbed from stomach or the proximal part of the small intestine, eg, riboflavin and furosemide. By targeting drugs to the stomach, desired therapeutic levels achieved and drug waste could be reduced FDDS serves as an excellent drug delivery system for the eradication of Helicoba ...
Permeability Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Permeable Drugs
Permeability Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Permeable Drugs

... Development in the field of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening has made it possible to generate a large number of drug candidates but it has also resulted in a number of poorly soluble and or poorly absorbable drugs. A new trend of drug development based on pharmacogenomics or dev ...
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Pharmacognosy



Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as ""the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.""It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.
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