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Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and the effects of beta
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and the effects of beta

... shortens the duration of ventricular refractoriness and elevates the mid-diastolicthreshold. Most notably, these agents differ in their effects on the ventricularfibrillation threshold. In particular, propranolol and oxprenolol exert a greater action on this electrophysiologic property than does pin ...
FDA`s Acetaminophen Notice: A Snapshot of the Current Regulatory
FDA`s Acetaminophen Notice: A Snapshot of the Current Regulatory

... The majority of these applications, including the most highly prescribed products, have more than 325 mg acetaminophen/unit,9 and, thus, limiting the maximum unit dosage strength to 325 mg has widespread implications. In an apparent effort to minimize the regulatory burden while focusing on patient ...
Chemotherapy Side Effects And Their Management (part 1)
Chemotherapy Side Effects And Their Management (part 1)

... multiplication. The cancer is named based on the organ of origin. Chemotherapy is the broad term applied to all those numerous drugs that stop cancer cells from multiplying, just like antibacterial chemotherapy stops bacteria from dividing. These drugs inevitably affect cell division/multiplication ...
Drug susceptibility testing
Drug susceptibility testing

... Development of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in M. tuberculosis Resistance to anti-TB drugs in M. tuberculosis occurs when resistant mutants, naturally occurring in the mycobacterial population, are selected by inadequate or interrupted treatment with anti-TB agents. Mutations occur spontaneo ...
The Truth About LSD - Drug
The Truth About LSD - Drug

... intelligence community and the military saw it as a potential chemical weapon. In 1951, these organizations began a series of experiments. US researchers noted that LSD “is capable of rendering whole groups of people, including military forces, indifferent to their surroundings and situations, inter ...
Synthesis and Characterization of Pharmaceutical salt of
Synthesis and Characterization of Pharmaceutical salt of

... An estimated 50% of all drug molecules used in medicinal therapy are administered as salts. This fact indicates that the salt formation, of a drug substance is a critical step in drug development [1,2]. A drug substance often has certain suboptimal physicochemical or biopharmaceutical properties tha ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)

... and her appetite began to improve. However, on 20th day of treatment, fever again shot up and this time it ranged from 102-104 degrees farenheit, however. At this time, liver function tests were normal and the periportal lymph node also regressed in size (5 X 12.5 mm). ATT was continued for the next ...
Testing for Overdose of Acetaminophen
Testing for Overdose of Acetaminophen

... Administration of the antidote N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Sandoz, Princeton NJ) within 8 to 24 hours of ingestion prevents or minimizes hepatotoxicity, apparently by serving as a glutathione substitute to detoxify the acetaminophen metabolite. The decision to administer the antidote is based on det ...
May 2011, Number 5  - UF Health Professionals
May 2011, Number 5 - UF Health Professionals

... migraines, overactive bladder, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, gastric acid conditions (PPIs), antipsychotics, and seizure medications. The 5 classes with the highest spending include cancer drugs, respiratory drugs, lipid regulators, antidiabetic agents, and antipsychotics. These 5 classes accou ...
Population responses
Population responses

... of another drug (or endogenous mediator) by producing an opposing physiological response, typically by a different type of receptor. Example: epinephrine acting at β1 receptors physiologically opposes the decrease in heart rate that occurs in response to acetylcholine acting at M2 receptors ...
Hit-to-lead (H2L) and Lead Optimization in Medicinal Chemistry
Hit-to-lead (H2L) and Lead Optimization in Medicinal Chemistry

... Lipophilicity and promiscuity Lipophilicity will likely buy you potency… • … but not just for your target. • hydrophobic interactions are mostly not directional and, thus, are much less specific than polar interactions. • lipophilic amines are particularly bad in this regard (red line in the plot b ...
Drug Products That Have Been Withdrawn from the US Market
Drug Products That Have Been Withdrawn from the US Market

... In an October 25, 2011 press release, Eli Lilly and Company announced withdrawal of Xigris(R) “in all markets following results of the PROWESS-SHOCK study, which showed the study did not meet the primary endpoint of a statistically significant reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with ...
Natural Supplements 101 Introduction to Herbal Medicines HERB
Natural Supplements 101 Introduction to Herbal Medicines HERB

... response. Use enough of the plant or extract to get that response. ...
Synopsis sheet - Vail Workshop
Synopsis sheet - Vail Workshop

... been adopted by most regulatory agencies in the world. We have taken some license with the format but it is essentially the same. This format and wording works best for a treatment study and to some degree an imaging study. If your study is observational, cohort, or another type of study, you may ne ...
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in

... Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) have agreed to a scientific collaboration on the use of biosensor chips developed by the EPFL in clinical studies conducted by PFM. The biosensor chips developed by the EFPL’s scientists are able to assess the homeostasis of individuals (pH, temperature, blood glucose l ...
PACKAGE LEAFLET ALMAGEL A ATC code:AO2A B O2
PACKAGE LEAFLET ALMAGEL A ATC code:AO2A B O2

... hours after meals and in the evening at bedtime. If necessary the single dose can be increased to 3 measuring spoonfuls. After the pain has passed treatment continues with almagel which does not contain benzocaine. It is advisable that almagel A is taken undiluted with a little water without taking ...
011032035E
011032035E

... problems and conditions affecting the male reproductive tract. 10. Fenugreek is currently used as a source of the steroid diosgenin , one of its active constituents from which other steroids can be synthesized. ...
This is the seventh of the monthly Drug and Alcohol Supplements
This is the seventh of the monthly Drug and Alcohol Supplements

... Benzodiazepines (BZD) have become one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the management of anxiety and sleep disturbance. In recent years there has been a greater awareness that problems of abuse, dependence and associated withdrawal can occur with BZD, even when they are used in recommended th ...
Antimicrobial resistance - WHO archives
Antimicrobial resistance - WHO archives

... one or more herbs. If more than one herb is used, the term mixture herbal product can also be used. Finished herbal products and mixture herbal products may contain excipients in addition to the active ingredients. However, finished products or mixture products to which chemically defined active sub ...
Medication Safety Alert - missed doses
Medication Safety Alert - missed doses

... medication roundItem not transferred to new prescriptionPatient off the ward at routine medication roundDrug history incompleteStaffing levelsPrescription card not available, in pharmacy or in ward roundMedicine not given at usual time due to blood tests being required, then missedInadequate ...
Med Disposal Brochure - Logan County Health District
Med Disposal Brochure - Logan County Health District

... trash where children or pets can find them. The  FDA recognizes that there are environmental  concerns about flushing medicines down the  toilet. However, FDA believes that the risk associated with accidental exposure to this strong  narco c medicine outweighs any poten al risk  associated with dispos ...
(meloxicam) Transmucosal Oral Spray
(meloxicam) Transmucosal Oral Spray

... used drugs are corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and azathioprine accompanied by tylosin, oxytetracycline, or metronidazole. The most frequently used glucocorticoids in dogs with IBD are prednisone and dexamethasone. Budesonide is a nonhalogenated corticosteroid with a high affinity for glucocorticoid ...
new drugs - Ontario Pharmacists Association
new drugs - Ontario Pharmacists Association

... reactions have been reported to occur in 1.5% to 3% of immunocompetent individuals, and up to 30% or more of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (the higher incidence in HIV-positive patients may be related to immunologic variables, altered drug metabolism, decreased glutathione le ...
ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT:

... and would require a complete package for review by regulatory bodies. These facts will not be new or surprising to the reader but they are important to the inhaled therapy for TB because a range of old drugs is available for delivery by this route. With relatively little additional study or expense, ...
Formulation and in-vitro bioequivalence evaluation of verapamil
Formulation and in-vitro bioequivalence evaluation of verapamil

... retarding behavior of drug in F7 & F8 is much significant as compared to Calan SR but it did not comply with the official limits of USP. As the drug to polymer ratio was increased the similarity between F1 to F4 also increased but the formulation F3 showed some anomalous behavior. Although Formulati ...
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Pharmacognosy



Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as ""the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.""It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.
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