ENGLISH FOR PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS (ANCIENT GREEK
... many things make certain knowledge impossible — the obscurity of the theme and the shortness of human life”. Although reflecting an agnostic suspension of judgment which doubted the truthfulness of all Greek mythology, these words do not indicate that Protagoras was an atheist. Protagoras is e ...
... many things make certain knowledge impossible — the obscurity of the theme and the shortness of human life”. Although reflecting an agnostic suspension of judgment which doubted the truthfulness of all Greek mythology, these words do not indicate that Protagoras was an atheist. Protagoras is e ...
A Short History of Economics As a Moral Science* James E. Alvey
... Pre-Smithian Economics Economic matters have been discussed throughout human history but the notion of an independent science of economics only arose relatively recently, perhaps since the mid-1700s. Until that time economics was generally discussed as a subordinate part of a broader study of politi ...
... Pre-Smithian Economics Economic matters have been discussed throughout human history but the notion of an independent science of economics only arose relatively recently, perhaps since the mid-1700s. Until that time economics was generally discussed as a subordinate part of a broader study of politi ...
The Uses of Money: Money in the Theory of an Exchange Economy
... ratio or has no effect at all on society's real wealth.1 The economy of these growth models becomes monetized only because of a difference between private and social returns from the use or holding of money. A large literature has developed to explain why individuals and/or societies forego consumpt ...
... ratio or has no effect at all on society's real wealth.1 The economy of these growth models becomes monetized only because of a difference between private and social returns from the use or holding of money. A large literature has developed to explain why individuals and/or societies forego consumpt ...
emergence and complexity in austrian economics
... that is, methane combined with oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water, a distinct transformation of one pair of entities into two quite different ones. Inspired by Mill’s discussion, the psychologist, George Henry Lewes (1875, p. 412) coined the term “emergent,” from which the modern scientific “eme ...
... that is, methane combined with oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water, a distinct transformation of one pair of entities into two quite different ones. Inspired by Mill’s discussion, the psychologist, George Henry Lewes (1875, p. 412) coined the term “emergent,” from which the modern scientific “eme ...
Athens – The Incidental Democracy
... assumed to act with intended rationality. They strive to maximise their own lifetime utility, within the constraints given by the relative prices, technology and transaction costs in the economy. Additionally, institutions are the rules of the game in society, the humanly devised constraints that sh ...
... assumed to act with intended rationality. They strive to maximise their own lifetime utility, within the constraints given by the relative prices, technology and transaction costs in the economy. Additionally, institutions are the rules of the game in society, the humanly devised constraints that sh ...
An Observation for Integrating JR Commons` Concept of Order and
... credit-debt relationships, which start as economic relationships, at length are transformed into political relationships with the intermediary of the meta-institution of money (and law). In this process of transformation, money is a necessary intermediary to settle economically and politically the ...
... credit-debt relationships, which start as economic relationships, at length are transformed into political relationships with the intermediary of the meta-institution of money (and law). In this process of transformation, money is a necessary intermediary to settle economically and politically the ...
PLATO: The Philosopher-King
... who had power in a democracy were uneducated. In the opinion of Plato, uneducated people did not have enough knowledge to make proper choices for a state. The second problem with a democracy was the populistic promises of politicians. Politicians knew that they require support from the denizens of ...
... who had power in a democracy were uneducated. In the opinion of Plato, uneducated people did not have enough knowledge to make proper choices for a state. The second problem with a democracy was the populistic promises of politicians. Politicians knew that they require support from the denizens of ...
The Bribing of Ismenias
... Theban territory. He gave them money and weapons and passed legislation in their favour, in spite of threats from Sparta. These details can be found in Plutarch (see below), and I assume some of his sources are early and his information fairly reliable. He implies that Ismenias supported the exiles ...
... Theban territory. He gave them money and weapons and passed legislation in their favour, in spite of threats from Sparta. These details can be found in Plutarch (see below), and I assume some of his sources are early and his information fairly reliable. He implies that Ismenias supported the exiles ...
Untitled
... In the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, the Greek city-state of Athens was the wealthiest, besteducated and most politically equal society in the Mediterranean area, but over one third of Athenian citizens lived at or below the subsistence level. For much of the Greek classical period, Athens control ...
... In the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, the Greek city-state of Athens was the wealthiest, besteducated and most politically equal society in the Mediterranean area, but over one third of Athenian citizens lived at or below the subsistence level. For much of the Greek classical period, Athens control ...
Preview - American Economic Association
... meetings of the Southern Economic Association, the 2015 meetings of the Association of Ancient Historians, and the 2015 World Economic History Congress. Much of the work on this paper was conducted while the authors were visiting PERC as Lone Mountain Fellows. We thank PERC for its financial support ...
... meetings of the Southern Economic Association, the 2015 meetings of the Association of Ancient Historians, and the 2015 World Economic History Congress. Much of the work on this paper was conducted while the authors were visiting PERC as Lone Mountain Fellows. We thank PERC for its financial support ...
economics 1a - Together We Pass
... Welcome to Economics 1A, the first part of the introduction to Economics. There is only one prescribed textbook. The study guide forms a vital part of the prescribed material. ...
... Welcome to Economics 1A, the first part of the introduction to Economics. There is only one prescribed textbook. The study guide forms a vital part of the prescribed material. ...
Keep the Public Rich, But the Citizens Poor
... intentions, and by validating the necessity of laws precisely like those they proposed and promulgated. 19 In fact, Machiavelli argues that the cause of the Republic’s corruption and collapse was not the Agrarian Laws but rather the deeply and increasingly inequitable circumstances to which the laws ...
... intentions, and by validating the necessity of laws precisely like those they proposed and promulgated. 19 In fact, Machiavelli argues that the cause of the Republic’s corruption and collapse was not the Agrarian Laws but rather the deeply and increasingly inequitable circumstances to which the laws ...
1 Hume`s specie-flow mechanism and the 16 century price
... experimentation to make inferences based on direct evidence. Hume (1752) does present a case study, the price revolution of the 16th century. Among all the potential explanations one could imagine, this episode where there is a sudden increase in the quantity of money lends plausibility to his gener ...
... experimentation to make inferences based on direct evidence. Hume (1752) does present a case study, the price revolution of the 16th century. Among all the potential explanations one could imagine, this episode where there is a sudden increase in the quantity of money lends plausibility to his gener ...
PDF
... within the so-called new welfare economics of the 1930's although it received its final polish later. The arguments were in part the same as before - roughly, Hume's and Weber's - but there was also an interesting construal of social welfare and Pareto optimality as being, in effect, factual notion ...
... within the so-called new welfare economics of the 1930's although it received its final polish later. The arguments were in part the same as before - roughly, Hume's and Weber's - but there was also an interesting construal of social welfare and Pareto optimality as being, in effect, factual notion ...
Chapter-10 Summary and Main Conclusion
... Arthāŝastra is in form of Politics so it is connected with the politics. As A. K. Shah (1981) has convincingly shown in the case of Kautilya‟s Arthāŝastra, the four goals of life made sense only in their interrelation; when separated from each other, the pursuit of pleasure (kama) was bound to degen ...
... Arthāŝastra is in form of Politics so it is connected with the politics. As A. K. Shah (1981) has convincingly shown in the case of Kautilya‟s Arthāŝastra, the four goals of life made sense only in their interrelation; when separated from each other, the pursuit of pleasure (kama) was bound to degen ...
Character, knowledge, and skills in ancient Greek paideia
... should strive to design and enforce a system of paideia1 that balances the emphasis between the “character” of students, on the one hand, and their “knowledge” and “skills”, on the other, so as to conform to the nature and the functioning of their institutions.2 But this is easier said than done, be ...
... should strive to design and enforce a system of paideia1 that balances the emphasis between the “character” of students, on the one hand, and their “knowledge” and “skills”, on the other, so as to conform to the nature and the functioning of their institutions.2 But this is easier said than done, be ...
CHAPTER 1
... Elasticity and Total Receipts • “The university’s total receipts from tuition would actually increase if tuition rates were cut by 20 percent.” • The 20 percent cut in prices must cause quantity demanded to increase by more than 20 percent. – Elastic demand ...
... Elasticity and Total Receipts • “The university’s total receipts from tuition would actually increase if tuition rates were cut by 20 percent.” • The 20 percent cut in prices must cause quantity demanded to increase by more than 20 percent. – Elastic demand ...
Sea-Power in Greek Thought
... first who conceived the design of gaining the empireof the sea, 'unless it were Minos the Cnossian, and those (if there were any such) who had the mastery of the Aegean at an earlier time' (iii. 122). A period of thalassocracy is attributed also to Aegina (v. 83). In the alleged debate at Gelo's cou ...
... first who conceived the design of gaining the empireof the sea, 'unless it were Minos the Cnossian, and those (if there were any such) who had the mastery of the Aegean at an earlier time' (iii. 122). A period of thalassocracy is attributed also to Aegina (v. 83). In the alleged debate at Gelo's cou ...
The Origins of Democracy: A Model with Application to Ancient
... between governing bodies, and so forth. Classical Athens was more democratic than Classical Sparta because in Athens, native-born males generally had equal political rightsCto vote, to sit on the popular assembly, to hold public officeCand final decisions were made by the broadlyrepresentative popul ...
... between governing bodies, and so forth. Classical Athens was more democratic than Classical Sparta because in Athens, native-born males generally had equal political rightsCto vote, to sit on the popular assembly, to hold public officeCand final decisions were made by the broadlyrepresentative popul ...
Socrates δημοτικός: Xenophon`s Socrates and the Athenian Elites
... Socrates’ main concern is the place of the elite within a democracy, not a desire for a change in the system. When Socrates says that rulers are those who know how to rule, he does not say that they need to be in an official position to fulfill their abilities. In fact, he draws a distinction betwee ...
... Socrates’ main concern is the place of the elite within a democracy, not a desire for a change in the system. When Socrates says that rulers are those who know how to rule, he does not say that they need to be in an official position to fulfill their abilities. In fact, he draws a distinction betwee ...
Economics Year-at-a-Glance Semester Class Only
... economic problems faced by every society (ECO.1A ) Describe how societies answer the basic economic questions (ECO.1B) Describe the economic factors of production (ECO.1C) Interpret a production-possibilities curve and explain the concepts of opportunity costs of scarcity (ECO.1D) Create economic mo ...
... economic problems faced by every society (ECO.1A ) Describe how societies answer the basic economic questions (ECO.1B) Describe the economic factors of production (ECO.1C) Interpret a production-possibilities curve and explain the concepts of opportunity costs of scarcity (ECO.1D) Create economic mo ...
Perceptions of Fairness and Allocation Systems
... often more to the point than the literature of welfare economics seems to suggest (...) [and] economists’ reluctance to deal with these issues is not a reasoned response to an analysis of the problem, but a reflection of their inability until recently to get any analytic handle upon issues of justic ...
... often more to the point than the literature of welfare economics seems to suggest (...) [and] economists’ reluctance to deal with these issues is not a reasoned response to an analysis of the problem, but a reflection of their inability until recently to get any analytic handle upon issues of justic ...
Ethics of the Discount Rate in the Stern Review on the Economics of
... The Review correctly states that ‘The ethical framework of standard welfare economics looks first only at the consequences of actions (an approach often described as ‘consequentialism’) and then assess consequences in terms of impacts on ‘utility’ (an approach often described as ‘welfarism’). The st ...
... The Review correctly states that ‘The ethical framework of standard welfare economics looks first only at the consequences of actions (an approach often described as ‘consequentialism’) and then assess consequences in terms of impacts on ‘utility’ (an approach often described as ‘welfarism’). The st ...
The economics of degrowth Ecological Economics
... issue). Consumption externalities are negative through positional competition and leisure externalities are positive through formation of social capital. Under a set of reasonable parameter values transition to a balanced path is associated with production downscaling, reduction in private consumpti ...
... issue). Consumption externalities are negative through positional competition and leisure externalities are positive through formation of social capital. Under a set of reasonable parameter values transition to a balanced path is associated with production downscaling, reduction in private consumpti ...
The economics of degrowth
... issue). Consumption externalities are negative through positional competition and leisure externalities are positive through formation of social capital. Under a set of reasonable parameter values transition to a balanced path is associated with production downscaling, reduction in private consumpti ...
... issue). Consumption externalities are negative through positional competition and leisure externalities are positive through formation of social capital. Under a set of reasonable parameter values transition to a balanced path is associated with production downscaling, reduction in private consumpti ...
Ancient economic thought
In the history of economic thought, ancient economic thought refers to the ideas from people before the Middle Ages.Economics in the classical age is defined in the modern analysis as a factor of ethics and politics, only becoming an object of study as a separate discipline during the 18th century.