Cropland Management
... f all the private lands in the United States, 27 percent is in cultivated cropland, which produces an enormous variety of grains, fruits, vegetables, and other products. In Michigan, about 10 1/2 million acres, or some 30 percent of the state's land base, is active farmland. In a typical harvest yea ...
... f all the private lands in the United States, 27 percent is in cultivated cropland, which produces an enormous variety of grains, fruits, vegetables, and other products. In Michigan, about 10 1/2 million acres, or some 30 percent of the state's land base, is active farmland. In a typical harvest yea ...
A Review of African Pastoral Production Systems: Approaches to
... the change in output resulting from a change (not necessarily a proportionate change) in all inputs. If the change in output is less than the change in inputs, diseconomies of size result. If the change in output is equal to or is greater than the change in inputs, economies of size exist (Doll and ...
... the change in output resulting from a change (not necessarily a proportionate change) in all inputs. If the change in output is less than the change in inputs, diseconomies of size result. If the change in output is equal to or is greater than the change in inputs, economies of size exist (Doll and ...
Environment and Ecology
... • Explain how water is necessary for all life. • Explain how the physical components of aquatic systems influence the organisms that live there in terms of size, shape and physical adaptations. • Describe the life cycle of organisms that depend on water. • Identify organisms that have aquatic stages ...
... • Explain how water is necessary for all life. • Explain how the physical components of aquatic systems influence the organisms that live there in terms of size, shape and physical adaptations. • Describe the life cycle of organisms that depend on water. • Identify organisms that have aquatic stages ...
Biodiversity Guide Farmers and Certifiers - WFA - NOFA-NY
... and reduced psychiatric problems.23 The incidence of allergies in adolescents has also been found to decrease significantly with an increasing amount of forest and agricultural land around their homes.24 Farmers’ Decisions Can Make a Difference Biological diversity requires habitat to exist. Organic ...
... and reduced psychiatric problems.23 The incidence of allergies in adolescents has also been found to decrease significantly with an increasing amount of forest and agricultural land around their homes.24 Farmers’ Decisions Can Make a Difference Biological diversity requires habitat to exist. Organic ...
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuiion
... Modern agriculture differs from traditional agriculture in employing its labor force fully, or almost fully, throughout the year. This requires an increase in the productivity of harvest labor made possible by technological advance and an increase in the ratio of capital to labor in harvesting. In t ...
... Modern agriculture differs from traditional agriculture in employing its labor force fully, or almost fully, throughout the year. This requires an increase in the productivity of harvest labor made possible by technological advance and an increase in the ratio of capital to labor in harvesting. In t ...
Perennial habitat fragments, parasitoid diversity and
... Tachinid fly richness and parasitism levels were measured in certified organic crop fields located on coastal terraces and valleys within approximately a 50 km (north–south) by 30 km (coast– inland) area representing central coast farming in California (Fig. 1a). Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito ...
... Tachinid fly richness and parasitism levels were measured in certified organic crop fields located on coastal terraces and valleys within approximately a 50 km (north–south) by 30 km (coast– inland) area representing central coast farming in California (Fig. 1a). Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito ...
The challenges to sustainable beef production in Botswana in the
... means of subsistence livelihood - a safety net. Enhanced market conditions upheld by the colonial administration and continued by the present government turned a century-old pastoral subsistence society towards market oriented farming. As has been the case worldwide, the prices paid for livestock pr ...
... means of subsistence livelihood - a safety net. Enhanced market conditions upheld by the colonial administration and continued by the present government turned a century-old pastoral subsistence society towards market oriented farming. As has been the case worldwide, the prices paid for livestock pr ...
Commercial Frog Farming
... during the Spring (April and May) in temperate climates. The large, floating, jelly-like egg mass produced by a single female may cover an area about 3-5 feet square and include from 10,000 – 25,000 individual eggs. The eggs hatch in 1 – 3 weeks, depending on the water temperature, into larval frogs ...
... during the Spring (April and May) in temperate climates. The large, floating, jelly-like egg mass produced by a single female may cover an area about 3-5 feet square and include from 10,000 – 25,000 individual eggs. The eggs hatch in 1 – 3 weeks, depending on the water temperature, into larval frogs ...
habitat in agricultural landscapes: how much is enough?
... For thousands of years, agriculture has involved modification of natural habitats and ecosystems to produce food, fiber, and other products for human use. In many regions, native people intentionally managed the prairie and other natural ecosystems by mimicking natural disturbance patterns on the la ...
... For thousands of years, agriculture has involved modification of natural habitats and ecosystems to produce food, fiber, and other products for human use. In many regions, native people intentionally managed the prairie and other natural ecosystems by mimicking natural disturbance patterns on the la ...
Impacts of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Biodiversity
... insecticides may be contributing to these declines, and how exposure to these chemicals may be interacting with other negative pressures on biodiversity in agricultural areas. Actual geographic coverage and potential spread, including rate of spread: Neonicotinoids are now the now the most widely us ...
... insecticides may be contributing to these declines, and how exposure to these chemicals may be interacting with other negative pressures on biodiversity in agricultural areas. Actual geographic coverage and potential spread, including rate of spread: Neonicotinoids are now the now the most widely us ...
Rodent abundance, stone bund density and its effects on crop
... amount of rock fragments in the filed (Nyssen et al. 2001). The stone bunds are also used to demarcate individual crop fields. The stone bunds therefore potentially provide extensive and continuous suitable refugia for rodents within cropping areas, and there are concerns that high stone bund densit ...
... amount of rock fragments in the filed (Nyssen et al. 2001). The stone bunds are also used to demarcate individual crop fields. The stone bunds therefore potentially provide extensive and continuous suitable refugia for rodents within cropping areas, and there are concerns that high stone bund densit ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... rivers and streams associated with biotic and abiotic macro- particles. The presence of these chemicals in the environment has become a global issue. Pesticides and related chemicals destroy the delicate balance between species and functioning ecosystem producing many physiological and biochemical c ...
... rivers and streams associated with biotic and abiotic macro- particles. The presence of these chemicals in the environment has become a global issue. Pesticides and related chemicals destroy the delicate balance between species and functioning ecosystem producing many physiological and biochemical c ...
EUR 22550 EN
... Peter Duelli started the session introducing different concepts of biodiversity. The term ‘biodiversity’ has become a great success both in science and politics and started to be recognised by wider public. Like an irregularly refined diamond, it offers different aspects depending on the environment ...
... Peter Duelli started the session introducing different concepts of biodiversity. The term ‘biodiversity’ has become a great success both in science and politics and started to be recognised by wider public. Like an irregularly refined diamond, it offers different aspects depending on the environment ...
The Organic Weed Control Rag
... Use optimum plant spacings and planting dates. Provide optimum growing conditions – soil moisture, pH, and nutrients. Use in-row drip irrigation or other means to feed and water the crop and not the weeds. Note that either insufficient or excessive levels of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphor ...
... Use optimum plant spacings and planting dates. Provide optimum growing conditions – soil moisture, pH, and nutrients. Use in-row drip irrigation or other means to feed and water the crop and not the weeds. Note that either insufficient or excessive levels of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphor ...
Dr Michelle Maloney - Australian Earth Laws Alliance
... IPAT - First proposed by Ehrlich and Holdren in the early 1970s as a way to calculate the impact of humans on the environment IPAT is an equation that expresses the idea that environmental impact (I) is the product of three factors: Population (P), Affluence (A) and Technology (T). (affluence = cons ...
... IPAT - First proposed by Ehrlich and Holdren in the early 1970s as a way to calculate the impact of humans on the environment IPAT is an equation that expresses the idea that environmental impact (I) is the product of three factors: Population (P), Affluence (A) and Technology (T). (affluence = cons ...
Crop domestication, global human-mediated migration, and the
... the region of origin (van den Bosch, 1971). Most studies on ecological pest management and insect-plant interactions have been conducted in the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand (Gurr et al., 2012), developed countries where agriculture consists primarily of introduced crops that sup ...
... the region of origin (van den Bosch, 1971). Most studies on ecological pest management and insect-plant interactions have been conducted in the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand (Gurr et al., 2012), developed countries where agriculture consists primarily of introduced crops that sup ...
Impact of farm size and topography on plant and
... target future conservation measures to support farms with low production of organic fertilizers and to reward the maintenance of the current management of steep meadows. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
... target future conservation measures to support farms with low production of organic fertilizers and to reward the maintenance of the current management of steep meadows. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Commodity Systems Assessment Methodology
... transportation, and marketing conditions in commodity systems. The methodology is adaptable to local needs and may also include the collection and review of secondary literature, working groups, plenary sessions, on-farm visits, and field work by one or more inter-disciplinary teams. ...
... transportation, and marketing conditions in commodity systems. The methodology is adaptable to local needs and may also include the collection and review of secondary literature, working groups, plenary sessions, on-farm visits, and field work by one or more inter-disciplinary teams. ...
PDF
... The development of rural areas in Europe has attracted considerable attention by both policy and research in the last decades. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has played a major role in such context, both providing income for agriculture and rural households (first pillar), and supporting direc ...
... The development of rural areas in Europe has attracted considerable attention by both policy and research in the last decades. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has played a major role in such context, both providing income for agriculture and rural households (first pillar), and supporting direc ...
1.8 Arthropod Pest Management
... parasitic and parasitoid adaptive strategies (see descriptions below) and are “natural enemies”of agricultural pests. These “beneficial insects” may serve to effectively suppress the development of pest populations if habitat for these species is effectively managed. d) Summary: Organic growers and ...
... parasitic and parasitoid adaptive strategies (see descriptions below) and are “natural enemies”of agricultural pests. These “beneficial insects” may serve to effectively suppress the development of pest populations if habitat for these species is effectively managed. d) Summary: Organic growers and ...
MOVING TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL FARMING
... agricultural landscapes and elsewhere is essential to support wildlife biodiversity, including native bees and natural enemies. Further loss of habitats jeopardises the survival of these species, which are beneficial to agriculture and other wildlife. 3. Semi-natural habitat restoration on farms (u ...
... agricultural landscapes and elsewhere is essential to support wildlife biodiversity, including native bees and natural enemies. Further loss of habitats jeopardises the survival of these species, which are beneficial to agriculture and other wildlife. 3. Semi-natural habitat restoration on farms (u ...
moving towards ecological farming
... agricultural landscapes and elsewhere is essential to support wildlife biodiversity, including native bees and natural enemies. Further loss of habitats jeopardises the survival of these species, which are beneficial to agriculture and other wildlife. 3. Semi-natural habitat restoration on farms (u ...
... agricultural landscapes and elsewhere is essential to support wildlife biodiversity, including native bees and natural enemies. Further loss of habitats jeopardises the survival of these species, which are beneficial to agriculture and other wildlife. 3. Semi-natural habitat restoration on farms (u ...
Production - Palomar College
... Pastoralism is an economic system primarily based upon herds of domestic livestock. – Seasonal Transhumance: Regular movement between different ecotones on a seasonal basis. The same routes and pastures are typically used every year. ...
... Pastoralism is an economic system primarily based upon herds of domestic livestock. – Seasonal Transhumance: Regular movement between different ecotones on a seasonal basis. The same routes and pastures are typically used every year. ...
THE BENEFITS OF WINDBREAKS
... sheltered by windbreaks. Corn yields were six to eight per cent higher. Winter wheat, barley, rye, alfalfa and hay yields increased when fields were sheltered, while spring wheat and oats responded to a lesser degree. Vegetable and specialty crops improved in both yield and quality. In studies of or ...
... sheltered by windbreaks. Corn yields were six to eight per cent higher. Winter wheat, barley, rye, alfalfa and hay yields increased when fields were sheltered, while spring wheat and oats responded to a lesser degree. Vegetable and specialty crops improved in both yield and quality. In studies of or ...
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming. Livestock are raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in an industry that covers almost one-third of the world's ice- and water-free area. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture, including permaculture and organic agriculture.Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the human population labored in agriculture. Pre-industrial agriculture was typically subsistence agriculture/self-sufficiency in which farmers raised most of their crops for their own consumption instead of cash crops for trade. A remarkable shift in agricultural practices has occurred over the past century in response to new technologies and the development of world markets. This also has led to technological improvements in agricultural techniques such as the Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate which made the traditional practice of recycling nutrients with crop rotation and animal manure less important.Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood.The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the services' sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.