The impact of a ban on snaring on Scottish agriculture
... between 2000 and 2007, and the total number of sheep by 18% over the same period. In 2007 there were two million fewer sheep and lambs than ten years previously. Numbers of dairy cattle, which declined significantly during the late 1990s, have currently stabilised at around 5% below their 2000 level ...
... between 2000 and 2007, and the total number of sheep by 18% over the same period. In 2007 there were two million fewer sheep and lambs than ten years previously. Numbers of dairy cattle, which declined significantly during the late 1990s, have currently stabilised at around 5% below their 2000 level ...
Deadwood Rangeland Health Assessment Determination - 7/08 150 KB
... palatable vegetation are limited to perennial riparian areas (BLM 2003 and 2004). Stream survey data in this allotment identifies numerous locations where streambanks have been trampled and damaged by cattle. A survey conducted along Jenny Creek (T39S R4E Section 3) found altered streambanks along ...
... palatable vegetation are limited to perennial riparian areas (BLM 2003 and 2004). Stream survey data in this allotment identifies numerous locations where streambanks have been trampled and damaged by cattle. A survey conducted along Jenny Creek (T39S R4E Section 3) found altered streambanks along ...
agriculture - the Hawaii Ant Lab
... coconut and cocoa (Wetterer 2006). Since that time, it has spread across the Solomon Islands, carried by human movement and transport of commodities. In the rural areas in the Solomon Islands, the little fire ant is associated with stings and discomfort, and subsistence farmers are often reluctant t ...
... coconut and cocoa (Wetterer 2006). Since that time, it has spread across the Solomon Islands, carried by human movement and transport of commodities. In the rural areas in the Solomon Islands, the little fire ant is associated with stings and discomfort, and subsistence farmers are often reluctant t ...
PDF
... 3. ‘Flow-on’ effects - Due to their use as inputs into the production processes of other industries, changing production environments for agricultural goods can have indirect as well as direct consequences. If these indirect effects are taken into account the impact of agricultural pests can be far ...
... 3. ‘Flow-on’ effects - Due to their use as inputs into the production processes of other industries, changing production environments for agricultural goods can have indirect as well as direct consequences. If these indirect effects are taken into account the impact of agricultural pests can be far ...
Socioecological adaptations by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus
... on the extinction risks of different bird lineages: extinction risk incurred through habitat loss is associated with habitat specialization and small body size, whereas extinction risk incurred through persecution is associated with large body size and long generation time. Isaac & Cowlishaw (2004) ...
... on the extinction risks of different bird lineages: extinction risk incurred through habitat loss is associated with habitat specialization and small body size, whereas extinction risk incurred through persecution is associated with large body size and long generation time. Isaac & Cowlishaw (2004) ...
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes D. A. NEHER
... In some geographic areas, richness of species composition in grassland and forest soils exceeds that of arable soils with annual crops (Table 3). In contrast, Wardle (1995) reports several cases in which conventional agricultural practices stimulate diversity. For example, the diversity of nematode ...
... In some geographic areas, richness of species composition in grassland and forest soils exceeds that of arable soils with annual crops (Table 3). In contrast, Wardle (1995) reports several cases in which conventional agricultural practices stimulate diversity. For example, the diversity of nematode ...
Concept Note Pollination
... Supporting services: the underlying processes that support all other ecosystem services, such as soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and water cycling [MEA, 2005]. ...
... Supporting services: the underlying processes that support all other ecosystem services, such as soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and water cycling [MEA, 2005]. ...
Organic matter and biological activity
... Between 40 and 80 percent of the nitrogen in plants can come from the predator-prey interaction of protozoa with bacteria. The nitrogen released by protozoa is in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and thus readily available to plant roots and other organisms. Nematodes have even lower nitrogen contents th ...
... Between 40 and 80 percent of the nitrogen in plants can come from the predator-prey interaction of protozoa with bacteria. The nitrogen released by protozoa is in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and thus readily available to plant roots and other organisms. Nematodes have even lower nitrogen contents th ...
Integrated Pest Management IPM
... (1) any organism that interferes with the activities and desires of humans or (2) any other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except viruses, bacteria, or other micro- organism on or in living man or other living animals) which the Admin ...
... (1) any organism that interferes with the activities and desires of humans or (2) any other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except viruses, bacteria, or other micro- organism on or in living man or other living animals) which the Admin ...
Mycorrhizal fungal establishment in agricultural soils: factors
... strain that is a plant-host generalist - all else being equal - is likely to have an enhanced ...
... strain that is a plant-host generalist - all else being equal - is likely to have an enhanced ...
Insect Management in Reduced Tillage Systems
... emerging from pupae overwintering in cotton fields, but low overwintering populations are usually found in cotton ¾ Hopkins (1972), Harris (1998), Roach (1981), Schneider ...
... emerging from pupae overwintering in cotton fields, but low overwintering populations are usually found in cotton ¾ Hopkins (1972), Harris (1998), Roach (1981), Schneider ...
The Real Dirt on No tillage by Jill Clapperton - No
... ground water. Incorporating nitrogen rich green manures into the soil using tillage in the summer or fall and then leaving these residues until the following spring may therefore affect eutrophication. Residues left on the surface initially release more atmospheric emissions than incorporated residu ...
... ground water. Incorporating nitrogen rich green manures into the soil using tillage in the summer or fall and then leaving these residues until the following spring may therefore affect eutrophication. Residues left on the surface initially release more atmospheric emissions than incorporated residu ...
The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as
... Taxonomy is relatively well known, at least in temperate areas, where species identification is in general easily solved. CD-ROM based programs facilitate rapid identification of collected specimens. The substantial amount of research carried out on these invertebrates has made these soil organisms ...
... Taxonomy is relatively well known, at least in temperate areas, where species identification is in general easily solved. CD-ROM based programs facilitate rapid identification of collected specimens. The substantial amount of research carried out on these invertebrates has made these soil organisms ...
On the influence of food quality in consumer± resource interactions
... vary the input of allochthonous nutrient (I) to examine whether these inputs are stabilizing or not. One would expect that low to moderate levels of allochthonous inputs should have a stabilizing effect, but higher levels will result in a collapse of the system. Simulation results of three levels of ...
... vary the input of allochthonous nutrient (I) to examine whether these inputs are stabilizing or not. One would expect that low to moderate levels of allochthonous inputs should have a stabilizing effect, but higher levels will result in a collapse of the system. Simulation results of three levels of ...
- Vision Landwirtschaft
... Immunity, resilience and regeneration are key characteristics of health. The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings. In particular, organ ...
... Immunity, resilience and regeneration are key characteristics of health. The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings. In particular, organ ...
Comparative Advantage of Major Crops Production in Punjab: An
... such as cotton and wheat achieved a much lower return per hectare compared to the tomato and perennial production systems. However, cotton still generates a profit that is around four times the profit per hectare obtained by wheat-based systems, while flour production yields the lowest profit per he ...
... such as cotton and wheat achieved a much lower return per hectare compared to the tomato and perennial production systems. However, cotton still generates a profit that is around four times the profit per hectare obtained by wheat-based systems, while flour production yields the lowest profit per he ...
FAQs about Mouse Plagues
... Mouse plagues do not travel. However, small-scale local movements by individual mice can occur (at the farm level). Mouse plagues do not appear overnight: they build up over a period of time (nine months or more) in response to favourable conditions, such as good rainfall. As crops mature across the ...
... Mouse plagues do not travel. However, small-scale local movements by individual mice can occur (at the farm level). Mouse plagues do not appear overnight: they build up over a period of time (nine months or more) in response to favourable conditions, such as good rainfall. As crops mature across the ...
University of Idaho - Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission
... What is Overgrazing? Many people are concerned that excessive grazing by livestock or wildlife creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green ma ...
... What is Overgrazing? Many people are concerned that excessive grazing by livestock or wildlife creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green ma ...
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... Chemical pest-control programs directed at a target pest species often create new economic pests out of other pest species that had previously been of minor or sporadic importance. These species, known as secondary pests, are those which in “normal” growing seasons do not inflict major crop damage, ...
... Chemical pest-control programs directed at a target pest species often create new economic pests out of other pest species that had previously been of minor or sporadic importance. These species, known as secondary pests, are those which in “normal” growing seasons do not inflict major crop damage, ...
Diversity in root systems = diversity in soil biota Healthy Soil
... 5. As succession takes place changes occur in the plant communities and soil biota over time, e.g. plants go from annual to perennials, Nature wants to get to a steady state community • Soil is the integrator between different ecosystems. • Agricultural lands (crop, grazing, etc.) are part of the ea ...
... 5. As succession takes place changes occur in the plant communities and soil biota over time, e.g. plants go from annual to perennials, Nature wants to get to a steady state community • Soil is the integrator between different ecosystems. • Agricultural lands (crop, grazing, etc.) are part of the ea ...
4.1.7 Watersheds and Wetlands
... Identify various examples of long-term pollution and explain their effects on environmental health. I (S, SS) ...
... Identify various examples of long-term pollution and explain their effects on environmental health. I (S, SS) ...
Ecological Effects of Pesticides
... At a community level, ecology can be defined as complex interactions that exist among interdependent organisms that cohabitate the same geographical area and with their environment (Johnson and Strinchcombe, 2007). At individual level, it entails the relationships that exist between that particular ...
... At a community level, ecology can be defined as complex interactions that exist among interdependent organisms that cohabitate the same geographical area and with their environment (Johnson and Strinchcombe, 2007). At individual level, it entails the relationships that exist between that particular ...
biodiversity on farmland - Bio
... aesthetic and Maori needs. It is an outcome of the “Strategies to Enhance Biodiversity on Mixed Cropping Farms” project (1999 – 2003), funded by the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) Sustainable Management Fund. The project was run in conjunction with the Selwyn Sustainable Agriculture Society Inc. ...
... aesthetic and Maori needs. It is an outcome of the “Strategies to Enhance Biodiversity on Mixed Cropping Farms” project (1999 – 2003), funded by the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) Sustainable Management Fund. The project was run in conjunction with the Selwyn Sustainable Agriculture Society Inc. ...
Are planthopper problems caused by a breakdown in ecosystem
... • Erosion regulation • Water purification ...
... • Erosion regulation • Water purification ...
New primary resource increases predation on a pest in a banana
... 2 Ants, particularly Solenopsis geminata Forel (Myrmicinae), are recognized as effective predators of herbivores eggs. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of a primary resource in a banana agroecosystem will increase pest control of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidu ...
... 2 Ants, particularly Solenopsis geminata Forel (Myrmicinae), are recognized as effective predators of herbivores eggs. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of a primary resource in a banana agroecosystem will increase pest control of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidu ...
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming. Livestock are raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in an industry that covers almost one-third of the world's ice- and water-free area. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture, including permaculture and organic agriculture.Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the human population labored in agriculture. Pre-industrial agriculture was typically subsistence agriculture/self-sufficiency in which farmers raised most of their crops for their own consumption instead of cash crops for trade. A remarkable shift in agricultural practices has occurred over the past century in response to new technologies and the development of world markets. This also has led to technological improvements in agricultural techniques such as the Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate which made the traditional practice of recycling nutrients with crop rotation and animal manure less important.Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood.The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the services' sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.