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Rectal Bleeding - University of Pennsylvania
Rectal Bleeding - University of Pennsylvania

... • Nothing alleviates symptoms Associated Symptoms • No Nausea or Vomiting • Decreased Appetite • Weight loss of about 10 lbs over past month ...
A Couple`s Guide to Infertility
A Couple`s Guide to Infertility

... can often successfully circumvent (“go around”) an existing pelvic problem (such as a prior tubal  ligation or pelvic damage that is not repairable), but generally IVF does not repair any pelvic  abnormalities and the couple needs to be comfortable with this type of procedure.  Generally, I  attempt ...
A randomized double blind comparison of
A randomized double blind comparison of

... the two groups in the positive pregnancy test, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy rates and implantation rate per woman. Similar results were found between the groups at different IVF centres, with a repeated cycle, presence of uterine fibroids o ...
Bleeding and Soft Tissue Injuries August 2014
Bleeding and Soft Tissue Injuries August 2014

... 1. Arterial bleeding is bright red, under pressure and is difficult to control. Venous bleeding is dark red, slow flowing and easier to manage. 2. Anxiety, altered mental status, weak, rapid pulse, pale, cool, and moist skin, shallow and rapid breathing, nausea and/or vomiting. 3. Direct pressure, e ...
METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS
METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS

... along the whole length. A full uterus and vagina doubling (uterus didelfus) is generated: the patient has two vaginas divided by a thin membrane. Uterine cervix opens into each vagina. There are two uteruses (unicornous), in each uterus there is one tube and one ovary. Both uteruses can function. In ...
Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

... The most common cause of hirsutism is PCOS. PCOS is a term used to describe a common hormonal disorder that causes the ovaries to produce excessive amounts of androgens. The ovaries may become enlarged with many small follicles that appear like cysts (fluid-filled sacs) (Figures 2 and 3). These foll ...
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Pregnancy History

... Discomforts of 3rd Trimester • Leg cramps – dorsoflex foot until spasm relaxes. Aluminum hydroxide gel with each meal to eliminate the excess phosphorus. Oral supplements of Calcium Carbonate or calcium lactate. ...
topic 6 - UMF IASI 2015
topic 6 - UMF IASI 2015

... -REBLEEDING MODELS  CONTINUOUS BLEEDING • No response to treatment • No major rebleeding • Clinical observation = ESSENTIAL ...
Intrapartum emergencies
Intrapartum emergencies

... Rebecca is a healthy 36 yo F who was admitted to the BU in active labor overnight. She is a G2P1 at 40+4 weeks gestation. She delivered her first baby by c/s because of a breech presentation but is hoping to deliver vaginally this time. Does she require continuous fetal monitoring? An iv? How do you ...
First-Trimester Emergencies: A Practical Approach To Abdominal
First-Trimester Emergencies: A Practical Approach To Abdominal

... because she wasn’t having any pain. : Overreliance on the history & physical exam is one of the great mistakes when evaluating women for suspected ectopic pregnancy. Although it seems intuitive that all patients with an ectopic pregnancy should complain of pain, approximately 10% of patients with a ...
Ulcers and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Protecting Your Health
Ulcers and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Protecting Your Health

... prescription anti-coagulants (for example, medications like warfarin [Coumadin®]) have been found to have a twelve-fold increase in risk of bleeding. Age Has been identified as a risk factor in several studies. Older patients also often require pain medications more frequently, or in larger doses, f ...
60x36 Poster Template
60x36 Poster Template

... menstrual pattern was unable to provide further information about gestational age. Presumed “incomplete miscarriage” earlier on subjected patient for usual evacuation of retained product of conceptus (POC). Diagnosis was established during laparotomy with direct visualisation of abnormal anterior ce ...
MCCQE Review: Gynecology
MCCQE Review: Gynecology

... excessive amount and/or duration (>80 ml menstrual fluid/>7 days) ...
METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS
METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS

... taking of anamnesis, doctor can make a diagnosis at once. However intensity of internal bleeding depends on the individual placing of vessel which feed a tube and some patients after its rupture, in spite of abdominal-ache, giddiness, do not apply to a doctor at once. At the same time, lack of expre ...
Menopause: What every medical student should know
Menopause: What every medical student should know

... reddening of face/chest/head skin followed by profuse perspiration • Lasts a few seconds - several minutes • Present in 85% of women, last >5 years postmenopause in 25-50% ...
Fibroid Treatment Options - Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Fibroid Treatment Options - Uterine Fibroid Embolization

... have some side effects, but usually does not interfere with daily living. However, many patients may require additional fibroid treatment to manage more severe symptoms. Your physician should discuss with you the pros and cons of minimally invasive, uterus-sparing therapies, as ...
Complications of Pregnancy Module B
Complications of Pregnancy Module B

... Imminent Abortion ...
Pelvic Examination
Pelvic Examination

... • The lithotomy position is uncomfortable both physically and psychologically. • Be professional, patient, and gentle. • "Endearing" names for the patient like "honey" or "darlin", though used by some gynecologists, are inappropriate, especially for the adolescent. • Explain ahead of time that the e ...
ENDOMETRIOSIS
ENDOMETRIOSIS

... FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required the drug labels and Medication Guides for all fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs be updated ...
DISEASES OF THE CERVIX
DISEASES OF THE CERVIX

... Solkovagyn deserves special attention from group of the chemical coagulants. This remedy is a mixture of organic and inorganic acids and has coagulative action on columnar epithelium. It penetrates into the tissue on 2,5 mm, that is sufficient for destruction of pathologically altered epithelium, an ...
Menopause
Menopause

... When Does Menopause Start? • On average, women are 51 at natural menopause, notes the National Institute on Aging. • A few women start menopause as young as 40, and a very small percentage as late as 60. • Women who smoke tend to go through menopause a few years earlier than nonsmokers. • Acupunctu ...
gynaecology suspected cancer referral form
gynaecology suspected cancer referral form

... 1. All cases of postmenopausal bleeding need to be investigated. 2. Consider stopping HRT first and referring if bleeding persists. 3. Pelvic ultrasound (TVS) with endometrial thickness (ETT) <5mm is reassuring. 4. Women with persistent bleeding or abnormal ETT need biopsy. 5. Women with continued o ...
Women`s o An Information booklet For Health Care
Women`s o An Information booklet For Health Care

... lengthen the pill free interval and ovulation may occur. It may therefore be appropriate to prescribe post-coital contraception in this situation. Women should be advised that minor side effects such as slight nausea, or breast tenderness may abate if the pill is continued. However severe side effec ...
Complications of Pregnancy Module B
Complications of Pregnancy Module B

... Imminent Abortion ...
IVF (In-Vitro Fertilization) and IUI/superovulation (intrauterine
IVF (In-Vitro Fertilization) and IUI/superovulation (intrauterine

... Comparison of IVF and Superovulation/IUI Treatments IVF (In-Vitro Fertilization) and IUI/superovulation (intrauterine insemination with injectable fertility medications) are both treatments that are used in more complex fertility disorders. We first need to understand their similarities in order to ...
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Menstruation



Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, they are severe.The first period usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age, a point in time known as menarche. However, periods may occasionally start as young as eight years old and still be considered ""normal"". The average age of the first period is generally later in the developing world and earlier in developed world. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women and 21 to 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days). Menstruation stops occurring after menopause which usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days.The menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of hormones. This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus and production of an egg which is required for pregnancy. The egg is released around day fourteen in the cycle and the thickened lining of the uterus is to provide nutrients for a potential developing baby. If pregnancy does not occur, the lining is released in what is known as menstruation.A number of problems with menstruation may occur. A lack of periods, known as amenorrhea, is when periods do not occur by age 15 or have not occurred in 90 days. Periods also stop during pregnancy and typically do not resume during the initial months of breastfeeding. Other problems include painful periods and abnormal bleeding such as bleeding between periods or heavy bleeding. Menstruation also occurs in some other animals including shrews, bats, and other primates such as apes and monkeys.
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