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... • Alcohol impairs absorption, utilization, and metabolism of nutrients • Poor zinc status has been associated with adverse effects of alcohol many studies ...
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva ROSV a rare cause of acute heart failure
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva ROSV a rare cause of acute heart failure

... lady sought emergency care during her 28th ...
3. Common Discomforts and Relief Measures
3. Common Discomforts and Relief Measures

... stomach become empty. After sleeping, eat dry crackers before rising. Get up slowly. Avoid odors. Call your healthcare provider if severe. ...
First, boil water… Obstetrics for Paramedics
First, boil water… Obstetrics for Paramedics

... Trauma • Number one cause of non-obstetric maternal death • Treat mom first • Volume, volume, volume (be careful) • Remember left lateral tilt • Fetal survival drops dramatically 15 minutes after a maternal arrest, but 90% will survive if C-section done prior to 15 minutes. ...
psychotropic medication in pregnancy and
psychotropic medication in pregnancy and

... Firstly the area is bedevilled with problems of diagnosis. When is an emotional or behavioural problem in the perinatal period a mental health problem? There is the issue of the failure to treat genuine illness which is accorded some form of protection and cover by the parent’s perinatal status. On ...
OB Review #1
OB Review #1

... Symptoms include: Missed menstrual period Pelvic/Abdominal pain Spotty vaginal bleeding Pain in the shoulder Fainting nausea ...
KHAULA REHMAN MD
KHAULA REHMAN MD

... Control and treat low blood sugar quickly. Having tight blood sugar control can lead to a chance of low blood sugar at times. Keep a ready source of sugar, such as glucose tablets or gel or hard candy, on hand at all times. Talk with your doctor about how to treat low blood sugar. Follow up with the ...
Management of Biliary Disease in the Pregnant Patient
Management of Biliary Disease in the Pregnant Patient

... to appendectomy as the most common nonobstetric surgical procedure performed during pregnancy  Complications from nonoperative management of gallstone disease result in an increase in maternal & fetal mortality  For expectantly managed gallstone pancreatitis, maternal mortality of 15% and fetal mo ...
Pregnancy-Related Conditions as Disabilities under the ADA
Pregnancy-Related Conditions as Disabilities under the ADA

... imbalance. It occurs most commonly in the first trimester but can extend throughout the entire pregnancy and all day long. ...
17 - The Pregnant Trauma Patient
17 - The Pregnant Trauma Patient

... • Identify physiologic & anatomic changes in pregnancy pertinent to trauma care • Discuss resuscitative management unique to the pregnant trauma patient ...
Community medicine (4) MCH (part 2) Dr. Huda Adnan 2014
Community medicine (4) MCH (part 2) Dr. Huda Adnan 2014

... 1- Personal & menstrual history . 2- Obstetrical history . 3- Past history ( medical & or surgical ) 4- Family history . 5- Current conditions . The term "high-risk pregnancy" describes a case where a pregnant woman has one or more factors that could put her or the fetus at risk for health problems. ...
Diabetes and pregnancy
Diabetes and pregnancy

... • High ceasarean section rate • Post delivery insulin doses return to prepregnancy level in type 1 patients. Type 2 often diet alone initially if breast feeding ...
The are of the pregnant patient with GI disease
The are of the pregnant patient with GI disease

... • She reminds you that her father had history of GERD and Barrett’s esophagus and died of Esophageal cancer at age 40. • She asks if she should have Endoscopy to check for Barrett’s? ...
BUSOG OSCE STATION: Pre
BUSOG OSCE STATION: Pre

... Provide a description to patient – “Pre-eclampsia occurs when the placenta – the organ transferring baby’s blood supply to mum – is not working efficiently and as a result the blood pressure raises. This can affect both mum (liver, kidney and blood clotting) and baby’s growth” Explain SFH result – a ...
GYNAECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH WOMEN TODAY
GYNAECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH WOMEN TODAY

... HOW ARE FIBROIDS TREATED? Fibroids do not cause symptom and treatment is not required. Overtime it will often shrink and disappear without any treatment. Around 1 in 3 working women experience symptom from fibroids. Such as pain or heavy bleeding. In such cases medication may be Prescribed. If this ...
Use in Special Circumstances Concerns during Pregnancy
Use in Special Circumstances Concerns during Pregnancy

... Lactic acidosis, sometimes fatal, has been reported in pregnant women using ddI and d4T together. Stavudine (d4T) ...
Haematology of Pregnancy
Haematology of Pregnancy

... pregnancy. Since the increase in red cell mass is around 25%, well below the plasma volume increase of 40% (up to 55% in multiple pregnancies) the haemoglobin level falls, particularly between weeks 24 and 32 of pregnancy. This decrease in haemoglobin level occurs even when iron and folate stores ar ...
Some time difficult in pregnancy
Some time difficult in pregnancy

... Cardiac output is increase by 30-50% Total blood volume is increase about 50% Increase heart rate by 10-20 beats/min Decrease in peripheral vascular resistant ...
Risks of In - American Society for Reproductive Medicine
Risks of In - American Society for Reproductive Medicine

... retrieval or embryo transfer are now uncommon because antibiotic sharp, stabbing pain; vaginal spotting or bleeding; dizziness or fainting; medicines are usually given at the time of egg collection. Severe lower back pain; or low blood pressure (from blood loss), and have not infection may require h ...
Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy
Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy

... after delivery of her first child. Other than hypertension during pregnancy, the pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. She has no history of cardiovascular disease. • On physical examination, the blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg in both upper extremities, the heart rate is 105/min and regular, an ...
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - Heart Disease and Pregnancy
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - Heart Disease and Pregnancy

... possible, for at least two to three weeks after an acute MI. However, there are no clinical trials that have prospectively evaluated the optimal timing of surgical procedures or labor and delivery after an acute (one to seven days) or recent (7 to 30 days) MI, especially in the current era of cardia ...
RefresherSpecialPts
RefresherSpecialPts

... • MAST can be used in late-term pregnancy • Inflate legs only • Using abdominal compartment reduces blood flow to fetus ...
Pregnancy History
Pregnancy History

... • Supine Hypotension – caused by the Vena cava being compressed by the enlarged uterus when patient lies on back. Avoid back lying. • Orthostatic hypotension –deep breathe, and rise slowly from a sitting position. Avoid sudden changes in position or warm crowded areas. ...
Psychiatric Illness in the Perinatal and Postnatal Patient
Psychiatric Illness in the Perinatal and Postnatal Patient

... • Women with recurrent depression or who have symptoms despite their medication may benefit from psychotherapy to replace or augment medication. • Women with severe depression (with suicide attempts, functional incapacitation, or weight loss) should remain on medication. If a patient refuses medicat ...
Incorporating Periodontal Medicine
Incorporating Periodontal Medicine

... Important Factors to Consider in Assessing the Periodontal Status of Patients with Diabetes • Degree of Metabolic Control • Duration of Disease • Presence of Other Long-term Complications ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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