Download GYNAECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH WOMEN TODAY

GYNAECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH
WOMEN TODAY
THE REALITY AMONG WORKING WOMEN
INTRODUCTION
• 68% working women suffer lifestyle diseases
• While two-third of working women suffer from lifestyle
diseases, 53 per cent of them skip meals and go for junk food
due to work pressure and deadlines
• According to a survey conducted by the Associated Chamber
of Commerce and Industry (Assocham), 68 per cent of
working women in the age bracket of 21-52 years were found
to be afflicted with lifestyle ailments such as obesity,
depression, chronic backache, diabetes and hypertension
WOMEN HEALTH INDICATORS
Most quantitative assessments of
women’s health status are still
based on maternal health
measures:
Indicators such as the Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR), the
proportion of births attended by a
skilled attendant and the percent
of women who attend an
antenatal check up.
FACTORS WHICH MOSTLY AFFECT
 Exposure to industrial pollutants
 Environmental toxins
 Poor quality of sleep
 Lack of exercise
 Less sunlight exposure,
 Poor nutrition,
 Excessive intake of alcohol and drug abuse
 Long working hours and deadlines
 Anxiety & insecurity
THE TOP 5 PROBLEMS WOMEN SHOULD BE CAREFUL
ABOUT ARE:
Breast Cancer
Infertility
Menstrual Disorders
STD’s
High risk pregnancy
PREVENTION OF GYNAECOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• Preventive Health Screening
• Health Awareness Programmes
• Breast Examination (Self Breast Examination)
• Examination of Pelvis (By USG,internal examination)
• Mammography/Sono-Mammography
• Vaginal Examination
• Pap Smear/HPV Testing
COMMON GYNAE DISORDERS
• Menstrual Disorders
• Vaginal Discharge
• Pelvic Pain
• Polycystic Ovarian Disease
• Uterine Fibroid
• High Risk Pregnancy
BREAST CANCER
Another disease that women have to be
knowing about and have to be careful about
is the breast cancer. After the menopause,
most of the hormones in the women's body
stop secreting.
As ever, the women, try not to give much
importance to their personal health. They
stop exercising. Now a days many women,
just like men have started smoking, chewing
pan etc which have changed the entire life
style which in turn have increased the
vulnerability of women to breast cancer.
After 40 years, every women should go for a
mammogram to check whether they have
breast cancer. But all at the same time, it will
be better for women to keep themselves
abstained from smoking and pan.
INFERTILITY
Infertility is a disease of the reproductive
system that impairs one of the body's
most basic functions: the conception of
children..
CAUSES THAT PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN INFERTILITY
• Age
• Causes of failure to ovulate
• Premature menopause
• Scarred ovaries
• PID
• Poorly functional fallopian tubes
ENDOMETRIOSIS AND INFERTILITY
Studies indicate that women with endometriosis take longer to conceive and are less
likely to conceive than women in general.
Many women with endometriosis
have children without difficulty
and many others become pregnant
eventually it may take time and
may require the help of surgery or
assisted reproductive technologies
or both.
CAUSE & TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS
• Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes in abnormal places due to
adhesion
• Newly released egg cannot find a way to Fallopian Tubes
• No evidence of Endometriosis causing repeated miscarriages
Treatment
• Hormonal & Surgical Management
• Hormonal treatment effective for Mild Cases
• Moderate to Severe Cases requires Laparoscopic Surgery
CONCEPTION
Conception is a complicated process that depends upon
many factors:
 On the production of healthy sperm by the man and
healthy eggs by the woman;
 unblocked fallopian tubes that allow the sperm to reach the
egg;
 the sperm's ability to fertilize the egg when they meet;
 the ability of the fertilized egg (embryo) to become
implanted in the woman's uterus; and sufficient embryo
quality.
 Finally, for the pregnancy to continue to full term, the
embryo must be healthy and the woman's hormonal
environment adequate for its development. When just one
of these factors is impaired, infertility can result
MENSTRUAL DISORDER
Menstrual Disorders include
• Amenorrhea
• Menorrhagia
• Irregular bleeding
• Dysmenorrhe
CAUSES
• Stress
• Hormonal imbalance,
• Diet
• Birth control pills
• Uterine polyps or fibroids
• Endometriosis
• PCOS.
AMENORRHEA
• Amenorrhea is the
absence of menstrual
periods.
• There are two types of
amenorrhea,
– Primary amenorrhea
– Secondary amenorrhea.
MENORRHAGIA
Heavy Periods
• Passage of more than 80 ml of blood each period
(it is seldom realistic or practical. However to actually measure
the blood loss and doctors rely on the women’s description of
her period)
CAUSE :
• Temporary Imbalance in Young, eventually cured with Age
• Hormonal Imbalance
• Symptom of any underlying disease to be excluded
DYSMENORRHEA
 Dysmenorrhea is the name for painful menstrual cramps.
 There are two types of dysmenorrhea,
◦ primary dysmenorrheal and
◦ secondary dysmenorrheal.
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common with cramping
pain in the lower abdomen occurring at the onset of
menstruation in the absence of identifiable pelvic disease. It
must be distinguished from secondary dysmenorrhea, which
refers to painful menses resulting from pelvic pathology such
as endometriosis.
PCOD
Patients suffering from polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) have
multiple small cysts in their ovaries (the word poly means many).
These cysts occur when the regular changes of a normal menstrual
cycle are disrupted. The ovary is enlarged; and produces excessive
amounts of androgen and estrogenic hormones. This excess, along
with the absence of ovulation, may cause infertility. Other names for
PCOD are Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) or the SteinLeventhal syndrome.
A schematic, comparing a polycystic ovary with a normal ovary
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF PCOD ?
We don't really understand what causes PCOD, though we do know that it has a significant
hereditary component, and is often transmitted from mother to daughter . We also know
that the characteristic polycystic ovary emerges when a state of anovulation persists for a
length of time. Patients with PCO have persistently elevated levels of androgens and
estrogens, which set up a vicious cycle. Obesity can aggravate PCOD because fatty tissues are
hormonally active and they produce estrogen which disrupts ovulation . Overactive adrenal
glands can also produce excess androgens, and these may also contribute to PCOD. These
women also have insulin resistance ( high levels of insulin in their blood, because their cells
do not respond normally to insulin) of androgens and estrogens in PCOD
Fig 2. The self-perpetuating vicious cycle of elevated levels of androgens and estrogens in PCOD
HOW IS PCOD TREATED ?
Treatment
Treatment of PCOD for the infertile patient will usually focus on
inducing ovulation to help them conceive.
Weight loss:
• It is an effective tool
• Long term Weight Loss Plan
• Regular monitoring by dietician or weight Loss Clinic
• Increasing Physical Activity
• Walking, Jogging, Swimming
• Avoid Junk foods
• Do this in groups of 2-3 ladies for better results
WHAT ARE FIBROIDS?
 Non-Cancerous tumors growing around womb
 Varies in Size
 Made up of muscle and fibrous tissue
 Also referred as uterine myomas or fibromyomas.
A TYPICAL PICTURE OF A FIBROID
HOW ARE FIBROIDS TREATED?
Fibroids do not cause symptom and treatment is not
required.
Overtime it will often shrink and disappear without
any treatment.
Around 1 in 3 working women experience symptom
from fibroids.
Such as pain or heavy bleeding. In such cases
medication may be
Prescribed. If this doesn’t work, other techniques,
including surgery
WHO IS AFFECTED?
Fibroids are common with around 40% of women
developing them at some stage in their life. They most
occur in women who are from 30-50 years old.it is also
thought that they occur more often in heavier women
as a result of higher oestrogen levels.
CAUSES FOR FIBROIDS
• Exact cause is unknown
• Mainly Hormonal Cause
• Female Hormone Oestrogen
• Usually occurs in Reproductive
Age (16-50 yrs)
PID
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (or PID) is an
infection that occurs in some part of the female
reproductive organs. One of the symptoms of PID
is a foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
• It may also be accompanied by irregular
menstrual periods or pain during sex. The most
common cause for PID is by coming into contact
with a sexually transmitted disease. PID is a
serious illness that may damage the fallopian
tubes and prevent future pregnancies.
WHAT IS HIGH RISK PREGNANCY?
• A high risk pregnancy is one in which some condition puts the mother, the
developing foetus or both at higher than normal risk for complications
during or after the pregnancy and birth.
• CAUSE : A pregnancy can be considered a high risk pregnancy for a variety
of reasons. Factors can be divided into maternal and fetal. more than in
high risk pregnancy can happen bleeding during the third trimester,
abnormalities of reproductive tract, urine fibroids hypertension, RH
incompatibility. Gestational
Diabetes,fever,cancer,tuberculosis,mumps,syphlis,folic acid smoking are
the causes of high risk pregnancy.
HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
 Puts the mother and developing foetus for complications before or after
delivery
 Reasons can both be maternal or Foetal
 Bleeding in 3rd trimester of Pregnancy
 Hypertension, Uterine Fibroid
 Anomalies of Reproductive Tract
 Rh-incompatibity
 Diabetes,Chicken-Pox,Fever,Mumps,Syphillis
 Smoking or Drinking
HIGH RISK PREGNANCY RELATED TO WORKING
WOMEN
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Working Women nowadays are ambitious and career oriented
Late Marriage
Planning to conceive late because of career
Fast & Stressful Lifestyle
Long Hours of Work in IT/BPO Sector/Shifting Duty
Junk Food Habits
Smoking & Drinking
Stress related hypertension and Diabetes
Ideal age for conceiving is 26-30 yrs
Conceiving after 35 yrs leads to complications
HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
TREATMENT : Treatment varies widely with the type of disease, the effect that
pregnancy has on the disease additional tests may help determine the need for
changes in medication or additional treatment.
PREVENTION : A pregnant women need regular heath check up and close
monitoring.
–
–
Her medication should also be taken care off
Avoiding Stress
MENOPAUSE & TREATMENT OF.....
Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation
in that case menstruation is less frequent and
eventually stop altogether.
Treatment of Hormonal Disorders
– Medication
– Hormone Replacement Therapy
CAUSES OF HORMONAL
IMBALANCE
– Birth Control Bills
– Overdose of Cosmetics & Non-Organic Animal
Products
– Medical Causes
– Genetic Causes
– Obesity
– Sedentary Life-Style
– Pregnancy
CAUSE:There are multiple causes for hormone
imbalance. Common causes include birth control pills,
stress, overuse of cosmetics, and non organic animal
products. Other medical causes include genetics, obesity
and tumors. Other causes include lack of exercise,
pregnancy, and sedentary lifestyle.
SYMPTOMS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE








Fatigue
Skin Problems
Mood Swing
Overweight or Loosing Weight
Diminished Sex Drive
Loss of Memory
Arthritis
Anxiety Attacks
 SYMPTOMS: Some of the most commonly shared symptoms includes fatigui,skin
problem,mood swings,weight problem,diminished sex drive and no memory.The
disorder include Arthritis,chronic fatigue syndrome,fibromyalgia and anxiety
attacks.
 MENOPAUSE : Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation fertility in that
case menstruation is less frequent and eventually stop altogether.
 TREATMENT : There are two types of therapy for its treatment like prescription
therapy and HRT combination therapy.
 If the problems are severe, bleeding
may be regulated by medications
 Hormonal treatment include the
contraceptive pills and danazols
 Non hormonal treatment include
tranexamic acid
 Hysterectomy-the removal of the
uterus is commonly performed for
heavy periods
 If diagnosis of an underlying
condition is made then the
treatment will be tailored towards
that condition
 If the women is anaemic iron or folic
supplements may be needed
TREATMENT
OVARIAN CANCER…..THE SILENT KILLER
Cause
The exact cause is usually unknown. The
risk of developing ovarian cancer appears
to be affected by several factors. The
more children a woman has, the lower her
risk of ovarian cancer. Early age at first
pregnancy, older age of final pregnancy
and the use of low dose hormonal
contraception have also been shown to
have a protective effect.
RISK FACTORS
Following factors form the risk
in ovarian cancer:
(i) family history of cancer
(ii) personal history of cancer
(iii) age over 55 years
(iv) never pregnant
TO WISH TO BE WELL IS PART OF
BECOMING WELL
Highlighting the fact that
women play vital and multiple
roles, especially those who are
employed, a correct work –life
balance has become absolutely
necessary
TO CONCLUDE
To insure good health: Eat
lightly, breathe deeply, live
moderately, cultivate
cheerfulness, and maintain an
interest in life.
What a wonderful world!!