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In the name of God - Medical Education Online
In the name of God - Medical Education Online

... A- The outcome of pregnancy is related to the etiology of anemia. B- Hb>13 has adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. C-Hb>13.2 in the second trimester can reduce neonatal mortality rate. d-Anemia can cause maternal complications and hospitalization. Ans:D ...
Rare case of CADASIL disease associated to Factor V
Rare case of CADASIL disease associated to Factor V

... Pregnancy is an acquired hypercoagulable state that can lead to gestational vascular complications. The presence of other prothrombotic risk factors, especially some heritable thrombophilia have been suspected to be associated with thrombotic events in pregnancy. The major heritable forms of thrombo ...
Amniotic fluid embolism “ Anaphlactoid Syndrome of pregnancy
Amniotic fluid embolism “ Anaphlactoid Syndrome of pregnancy

...  Amniotic fluid embolism should be considered in case of rapid ...
Postural Hypotension - ashfordstpeters.info
Postural Hypotension - ashfordstpeters.info

... What is Postural Hypotension? • Postural Hypotension is also known as Orthostatic Hypotension • A sudden drop in blood pressure • Due to decreased blood flow to the brain • Described as a “head rush” or “dizzy spell” • Cause dizziness and sometimes falls • Occurs when someone suddenly moves from lyi ...
Zellmine tablet ENG SmPC
Zellmine tablet ENG SmPC

... time. The next blister pack must be started as soon as the current blister pack is finished, i.e., no gap should be left between packs. The user is unlikely to have a withdrawal bleed until the end of the second pack, but she may experience spotting or breakthrough bleeding on tablet-taking days. 2 ...
Diagnostics - SimpleNursing
Diagnostics - SimpleNursing

... - CK-MB: cardiac specific ISO enzyme, an elevation in value indicates myocardial damage, an elevation occurs within hours and peaks at 18hr. Returns to normal within 3-4 days w/o treatment normal range 0%-5% of total CK, total CK 26-174 unit/l -CPK: non cardiac specific creatine, phosphokianse, dama ...
Criteria for Use of Enoxaparin in Mechanical Heart Valve Patients
Criteria for Use of Enoxaparin in Mechanical Heart Valve Patients

... Patients receiving oral anticoagulation with warfarin often require invasive diagnostic tests or surgery. If anticoagulant therapy is not held for these interventions the patient is at a higher risk of developing bleeding complications. However, this interruption in anticoagulation places the patien ...
eprint_11_21608_689
eprint_11_21608_689

... onto the forehead to prevent the head from extension while controlling the rate of escape of the head by the other hand( called modified Ritgen's manoeuvre). The goals of assisted spontaneous vaginal delivery are reduction of maternal trauma, prevention of fetal injury, and initial support of the ne ...
Заголовок слайда отсутствует
Заголовок слайда отсутствует

... Monitoring: Carefully monitor the neurologic status, urine output, respirations, and fetal status for all patients. An indwelling Foley catheter should be placed in the bladder to help collect and record urine output. Invasive monitoring: Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring may be necessary for acc ...
Full Prescribing Information
Full Prescribing Information

... If a woman becomes pregnant with Kyleena in place and if Kyleena cannot be removed or the woman chooses not to have it removed, warn her that failure to remove Kyleena increases the risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor and premature delivery. Follow her pregnancy closely and advise her to re ...
DIC
DIC

...  a pathological activation of coagulation (blood clotting) mechanisms that happens in response to a variety of diseases  a situation of inappropriate coagulation within the blood vessels which leads to the consumption of clotting factors, thus resulting in the failure of the clotting mechanism at ...
GERIATRIC AGE SPECIFIC Self Learning Module
GERIATRIC AGE SPECIFIC Self Learning Module

... Changes in the nervous system could progress so slowly that it goes unnoticed and is non-specific in nature. Nerve cells are lost with age and there is a decrease in conduction velocity. Most reflexes are slowed, but the deep tendon reflexes remain intact. Sleep stages 3 and 4 become less prominent ...
Management of valvular disease in pregnancy: a global
Management of valvular disease in pregnancy: a global

... Pregnancy in women with prosthetic heart valves No other aspect of the management of valvular disease shows such a distinct polarization between HICs and LMICs as the replacement or repair of the diseased valves. For one, the underlying pathology in young women is primarily degenerative (e.g. connec ...
PDF - Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical
PDF - Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical

... the brain. 11-13 Animal experiments suggest that osmotic effects may play a role in producing these defects.14 While solutions containing glucose may be administered during labor, if the rate of administration is too rapid, maternal hyperglycemia may lead to neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyponatremia and ...
summary of product characteristics
summary of product characteristics

... a. Cervical cancer The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent human papillomavirus infection.1 Some studies suggest that oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cervical cancer in some populations ...
increased urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia)
increased urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia)

...  Polyuria—increased urination; greater than normal urine production (dogs, more than 45 ml of urine per kilogram body weight per day; cats, more than 40 ml of urine per kilogram body weight per day)  Polydipsia—increased thirst; greater than normal water consumption (dogs, more than 90 ml of water ...
Female infertility
Female infertility

... and prevents the release of immature egg from the ovary. Ovulation problems account for 20% of all infertility cases. ...
Endo—Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Endo—Diabetes Mellitus Type II

... 2) Replacement of intravascular volume – goal is to gradually restore metabolic state (1L/hour with hypotonic fluids until urine output is normalized). Monitoring is essential. Normal saline is the fluid of choice 3) Electrolytes 4) Hold insulin therapy until volume status is restored Gestational Di ...
feasibility case study on the use of dynamic elastomeric fabric
feasibility case study on the use of dynamic elastomeric fabric

... • Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion weakness causes "foot drop" which can result in significant gait abnormalities, increased falls risk and foot posture abnormalities. ...
Preconception Care for the Primary Care Provider
Preconception Care for the Primary Care Provider

... • Patient education as to effects of substances on fetus • Screening for use/abuse • Referral for treatment program • Pregnancy may be a strong motivator for change ...
Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Use of
Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Use of

... surgery during pregnancy is 26 to 28 weeks [44]. This has been refuted by several studies in which This document is property of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. All Rights Reserved. Do not repost. ...
Managing Cardiac Conditions During Labor and Delivery
Managing Cardiac Conditions During Labor and Delivery

... Introduction to Common Cardiac Disorders in Pregnancy Although cardiac disease complicates only one to four percent of all pregnancies in the United States (Waksmonski et al., 2013), maternal cardiac disease is a major concern during the intrapartum period. In the past, rheumatic heart disease was t ...
Postpartum Psychosis
Postpartum Psychosis

...  Encourage frequent feedings because colostrum is a natural laxative and helps promote passage of meconium and bile  Don’t need to bottlefeed- although frequently done ...
Complications of Pregnancy
Complications of Pregnancy

... tion usually is defined as three or more spontaneous abortions, although some authorities now use two or more pregnancy losses as the definition. The primary causes of recurrent abortion are believed to be genetic or chromosomal abnormalities and anomalies of the reproductive tract, such as bicornua ...
How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy
How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy

... Since the different cytotoxic agents have a molecular weight of 250–400 kDa, virtually all of them can cross the placenta and reach the fetus.8 However, only a few small trans-placental studies have been conducted to asses drug concentrations in the amniotic fluid, cord blood, placental and fetal ti ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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