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Unfolding Case Study
Unfolding Case Study

... but one of her scheduled prenatal visits. She has been taking her blood pressure regularly at home and reports a range of 138-165/72-90. She has denied symptoms of headache (HA), epigastric pain, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, dizziness. Urine dipstick at clinic visits has shown 0 to trac ...
OB Ultrasound Authorization and Coding Guide
OB Ultrasound Authorization and Coding Guide

... D. Indications for Fetal Echo According to the 2010 AIUM’s practice guideline on Performance of Fetal Echocardiography, “indications for fetal echocardiography are often based on a variety of parental and fetal risk factors for congenital heart disease. However, most cases are not associated with kn ...
Unfolding Case Study
Unfolding Case Study

... but one of her scheduled prenatal visits. She has been taking her blood pressure regularly at home and reports a range of 138-165/72-90. She has denied symptoms of headache (HA), epigastric pain, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, dizziness. Urine dipstick at clinic visits has shown 0 to trac ...
Women`s and Children`s Services Group Report
Women`s and Children`s Services Group Report

... women with a singleton pregnancy, who have a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth1. In 2003, federally funded research demonstrated both 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) in oil, given as an Intramuscular injection once weekly, and micronized vaginal progesterone suppositories (E ...
Fetal Presentation
Fetal Presentation

... Station refers to the level of the presenting part in relation to the maternal ischial spines. In the normal female pelvis, the ischial spines represent the narrowest diameter through which the fetus must pass. The ischial spines is a landmark to identify station zero. To visualize the location of s ...
In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization

... examined for signs that the process of fertilization is underway. At this stage, normal development is evident by the still single cell having 2 nuclei; this stage is called a zygote or a 2PN embryo. Two days after insemination or ICSI, normal embryos have divided into about 4 cells. Three days afte ...
NUTRION ASSESSMENT
NUTRION ASSESSMENT

... Diarrhea (consistency, frequency, volume, color, presence of cramps, ...
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY 2008
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY 2008

... Gestational hypertension is characterised by the new onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation without any maternal or fetal features of preeclampsia, followed by return of blood pressure to normal within 3 months post-partum. At first presentation this diagnosis will include some women (up to ...
Fetal Distress
Fetal Distress

... records the number of times she feels fetal movement within a designated time period. The exact number of normal perceived movements has ...
Fluid and Electrolytes
Fluid and Electrolytes

... o Sense concentration of body fluids o Stimulated by increased serum osmolality or fluid deficit  Increased thirst causes patient to drink  Mechanism is decreased in elderly people o The elderly are consistently imbalanced b/c they can’t self-regulate  What if? o Client cannot feel thirst / is un ...
CAUSES
CAUSES

...  Examination may be normal or there may be erythema, oedema and fissuring  pH is less than 4.5  Asymptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis does not need ...
IVF Consent Forms
IVF Consent Forms

... although it has routinely been used in this way for more than 20 years.  Potential side effects usually experienced with long-term use include but are not limited to hot flashes, vaginal dryness, bone loss, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions at the injection site, fluid retention, muscle aches, headac ...
preterm birth
preterm birth

... Target cells become desensitized to the effect of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, thereby decreasing efficacy with prolonged use ...
Symptoms and Signs (Consequences of E deprivation)
Symptoms and Signs (Consequences of E deprivation)

... cumulative risk between 5060 years (0.2% per annum) Cumulative number of Deaths for 100 ‘The Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Vol.. 1, October, 1999, No2’ ...
placenta accreta in st vincents university hospital 2008-2011
placenta accreta in st vincents university hospital 2008-2011

... expression and represses sFLT1 to mediate cardiovascular adaptation in pregnancy. Repression of the GCM1 axis, as observed in pre-eclamptic placental villi, induces sFLT1 secretion and impairs HO-1 expression. PPAR-ã may critically regulate the risk of pre-eclampsia. 3) PATERNAL INFLUENCE ON BIRTHWE ...
Lumbar Puncture - RadiologyInfo.org
Lumbar Puncture - RadiologyInfo.org

... Some patients develop a headache after a lumbar puncture that begins several hours or up to two days after the procedure. In addition to significant head pain, the headache may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and dizziness and can last from a few hours to a week or more. You also may feel pain an ...
Lothian NHS Board
Lothian NHS Board

... At least three accelerations of the fetal heart associated with fetal movement or contractions in any 20-minute period. An acceleration should last for at least 15 seconds, with an amptitude of more than 15bpm. Gestational age should be taken into account when assessing a CTG as few accelerations oc ...
Red M - South Coast Urogynecology
Red M - South Coast Urogynecology

... weight levels, either high or low, can contribute to infertility. Being Overweight. Being overweight or obese (fat levels that are 10% to 15% above normal) can contribute to infertility in various ways. Obesity is highly associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is cause of infertil ...
CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING
CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING

... METABOLIC…  3. ANAEROBIC THERSHOLD (AT)  NORMAL: occurs at about 60% of VO2 max  followed by breathlessness, burning sensation begins in working muscles ...
4-hemodynamic disorders
4-hemodynamic disorders

... 29. A 59-year-old obese woman with a history of diabetes mellitus had a myocardial infarction 3 months ago. She is now taking a low dose of aspirin to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis. On which of the following steps in hemostasis does aspirin have its greatest effect? (A) Adhesion of platelet ...
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum Depression

... What support is available to help me cope with postpartum depression? Support groups can be found at local hospitals, family planning clinics, or community centers. The hospital where you gave birth or your health care provider may be able to assist you in finding a support group. Useful informatio ...
Hypertensive Emergencies
Hypertensive Emergencies

... • Diabetes mellitus • Multiple gestations ...
RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOSIS
RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOSIS

... Associations-osteoporosis, peripheral neuropathy, & venous thrombosis High risk for MGUS-African Americans 2-3x compared to whites, males, positive family history, & immunosuppression High risk for MGUS progression-positive serum free light chain, IgA or IgM, & monoclonal protein ...
Urine Hor- Urine Hormone Interpretation Guide
Urine Hor- Urine Hormone Interpretation Guide

... communication. High levels are uncommon and are usually due to over-supplementation or use of a diuretic. Low levels often indicate low vegetable intake, use of a potassium-sparing diuretic, or poor GI absorption. The Na+/K+ Ratio in urine is optimal at 1.5. Higher levels are associated with an incr ...
–  CLINICAL GUIDELINES CELLULITIS
– CLINICAL GUIDELINES CELLULITIS

... severe/extensive disease rapid progression in presence of associated cellulitis signs/symptoms of systemic illness associated co-morbidities or immunosuppression extremes of age ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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