Course_609_Lecture_1 (Jan 12, 2017)
... Quasi-option value – (in the context of irreversibility and uncertainty) • Costs and benefits are not known with certainty, but uncertainty can be reduced by gathering information. • Any decision made now and which commits resources or generates costs that cannot subsequently be recovered or reverse ...
... Quasi-option value – (in the context of irreversibility and uncertainty) • Costs and benefits are not known with certainty, but uncertainty can be reduced by gathering information. • Any decision made now and which commits resources or generates costs that cannot subsequently be recovered or reverse ...
PPT
... • This sink removes annually 0.7 Pg of anthropogenic carbon. • The decline is attributed to the strengthening of the winds around ...
... • This sink removes annually 0.7 Pg of anthropogenic carbon. • The decline is attributed to the strengthening of the winds around ...
11. Tax and climate change
... attempt to apply emissions trading between sovereign states, while the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has created a well-established and active carbon trading market within Europe. The second reason to favour trading is that applying taxes on any kind of international, let alone global, basi ...
... attempt to apply emissions trading between sovereign states, while the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has created a well-established and active carbon trading market within Europe. The second reason to favour trading is that applying taxes on any kind of international, let alone global, basi ...
Methane and climate change - Environmental Change Institute
... Methane and climate change Methane (CH4) is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas, which is naturally present in the atmosphere and is the main component of the fossil fuel, natural gas. The importance of methane (CH4) is second only to carbon dioxide (CO2) in terms of overall contribution to human ...
... Methane and climate change Methane (CH4) is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas, which is naturally present in the atmosphere and is the main component of the fossil fuel, natural gas. The importance of methane (CH4) is second only to carbon dioxide (CO2) in terms of overall contribution to human ...
Common Misconceptions in the Climate Change Debate
... be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will start with the cheapest abatement measures (energy savings) and then move to the more expensiv ...
... be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will start with the cheapest abatement measures (energy savings) and then move to the more expensiv ...
Canada`s Climate Change Mitigation Plan
... • Transparency and shared understanding of country specific emission reduction challenges is important – Reporting should allow for a broad and flexible range of mitigation actions to be reported in a way that takes into account unique national circumstances – Should allow for integrated assessment ...
... • Transparency and shared understanding of country specific emission reduction challenges is important – Reporting should allow for a broad and flexible range of mitigation actions to be reported in a way that takes into account unique national circumstances – Should allow for integrated assessment ...
CO2 Reduction beyond 20% COM(2010)
... CO2 Reduction beyond 20% Impact on Growth and Employment The Commission is right to point out that the fall in allowances prices is not only rooted in the economic crisis but also in the increased energy efficiency and the expansion of renewable energies. However, considering the fact that the Comm ...
... CO2 Reduction beyond 20% Impact on Growth and Employment The Commission is right to point out that the fall in allowances prices is not only rooted in the economic crisis but also in the increased energy efficiency and the expansion of renewable energies. However, considering the fact that the Comm ...
Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
... Based upon the above mentioned flaws, the Bush administration withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Treaty in 2001. The most current official policy of the United States regarding the Kyoto Treaty states that, “The Kyoto Protocol does not provide the long-term solution the world seeks to the pro ...
... Based upon the above mentioned flaws, the Bush administration withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Treaty in 2001. The most current official policy of the United States regarding the Kyoto Treaty states that, “The Kyoto Protocol does not provide the long-term solution the world seeks to the pro ...
Cooperation on Decarbonizing Energy Supply in Northeast Asia Sh.Enkhbayar Ph.D.
... Globally, the energy system-supply, transformation, delivery and use – is the dominant contributor to GHG emissions; ...
... Globally, the energy system-supply, transformation, delivery and use – is the dominant contributor to GHG emissions; ...
Exploring Climate Change - Education Scotland
... Summit in Paris. The conference presented an historic opportunity to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and tackle dangerous climate change. By the end of the conference, 195 nations agreed to attempt to cut greenhouse gas emissions to below 2C. Most of the developed countries around the world h ...
... Summit in Paris. The conference presented an historic opportunity to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and tackle dangerous climate change. By the end of the conference, 195 nations agreed to attempt to cut greenhouse gas emissions to below 2C. Most of the developed countries around the world h ...
9. global environmental concerns
... to specify, legally binding reductions in emissions of six greenhouse gases. The 6 major greenhouse gases covered by the protocol are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Emissions Reductions The ...
... to specify, legally binding reductions in emissions of six greenhouse gases. The 6 major greenhouse gases covered by the protocol are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Emissions Reductions The ...
PDF
... and banking.3 The same cannot be said for other trading programs in which banking is not allowed or has not developed. For example, Figure 3 shows the path of allowance prices in the RECLAIM market in the South Coast Air Quality Management District surrounding Los Angeles. The RECLAIM program includ ...
... and banking.3 The same cannot be said for other trading programs in which banking is not allowed or has not developed. For example, Figure 3 shows the path of allowance prices in the RECLAIM market in the South Coast Air Quality Management District surrounding Los Angeles. The RECLAIM program includ ...
Click to edit Master title style Master title style
... • Examples: energy sector (RES, cogeneration, methane leakages), industrial activities, energy efficiency, transport, agriculture. Some restrictions for forestry projects and land occupation. ...
... • Examples: energy sector (RES, cogeneration, methane leakages), industrial activities, energy efficiency, transport, agriculture. Some restrictions for forestry projects and land occupation. ...
i3437e01
... tion units with the lowest emission intensities and those with the highest emission intensities, lies an important potential for mitigation. A 30 percent reduction of GHG emissions would be possible, for example, if producers in a given system, region and climate adopted the technologies and practi ...
... tion units with the lowest emission intensities and those with the highest emission intensities, lies an important potential for mitigation. A 30 percent reduction of GHG emissions would be possible, for example, if producers in a given system, region and climate adopted the technologies and practi ...
Annex I Glossary
... Reduction in emissions by sources or enhancement of removals by sinks that is additional to any that would occur in the absence of a Joint Implementation (JI) or a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project activity as defined in the Kyoto Protocol Articles on JI and CDM. This definition may be furth ...
... Reduction in emissions by sources or enhancement of removals by sinks that is additional to any that would occur in the absence of a Joint Implementation (JI) or a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project activity as defined in the Kyoto Protocol Articles on JI and CDM. This definition may be furth ...
Chapter 9 PowerPoint document
... GHG emissions or stabilised GHG concentrations increases as the magnitude of the emissions or concentration target declines. 2. Other things being equal, the cost of achieving any given target increases the higher are baseline (i.e. uncontrolled) emissions over the time period in question. 3. The co ...
... GHG emissions or stabilised GHG concentrations increases as the magnitude of the emissions or concentration target declines. 2. Other things being equal, the cost of achieving any given target increases the higher are baseline (i.e. uncontrolled) emissions over the time period in question. 3. The co ...
Climate Change and Energy
... We are monitoring GHG emissions associated with transport of our parts and products, supplier activities and employees’ business travel. In 2011, estimated GHG emissions associated with logistics and employees’ business travel were 8.5 million tons CO2. supplier activities were responsible for 4.5 m ...
... We are monitoring GHG emissions associated with transport of our parts and products, supplier activities and employees’ business travel. In 2011, estimated GHG emissions associated with logistics and employees’ business travel were 8.5 million tons CO2. supplier activities were responsible for 4.5 m ...
DRAFT Concept paper annotated outline EC
... for the success of the solutions. With this motivation, WMO and its partners have called for an Integrated Global GHG Information System1 (IG3IS). The IG3IS will serve as an international coordinating mechanism to establish and propagate consistent methods and standards to help ensure the success of ...
... for the success of the solutions. With this motivation, WMO and its partners have called for an Integrated Global GHG Information System1 (IG3IS). The IG3IS will serve as an international coordinating mechanism to establish and propagate consistent methods and standards to help ensure the success of ...
The direct route by which the transport sector
... under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, ...
... under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, ...
Amtrak Greenhouse
... emissions by 2050. • About 28% of greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector. Highway travel generates 75% of carbon emissions and consumes 75% of total sector energy use. • Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost alternative to developing lowcarbon and zero-carbon alternative fuels ...
... emissions by 2050. • About 28% of greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector. Highway travel generates 75% of carbon emissions and consumes 75% of total sector energy use. • Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost alternative to developing lowcarbon and zero-carbon alternative fuels ...
Climate Change
... HFCs PFCs SF6 Main (man-made) greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has inc ...
... HFCs PFCs SF6 Main (man-made) greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has inc ...
Oxfam 1 - Department of Agriculture
... Environmental Report offers the following discussion - first from the Description of the Baseline Environment: Ireland’s obligations for GHG emission reductions are derived from the EU Climate Change and Re-Renewable Energy Package 2008 which set national limits on reduction targets in accordance wi ...
... Environmental Report offers the following discussion - first from the Description of the Baseline Environment: Ireland’s obligations for GHG emission reductions are derived from the EU Climate Change and Re-Renewable Energy Package 2008 which set national limits on reduction targets in accordance wi ...
8. Mitigation cost curves
... reductions for the United States • ICF International- a California specific curve following AB-32 legislation • The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy marginal abatement cost curves for Germany • US EPA - MAC curve for non CO2 emissions such as methane, N2O, and HFCs. • Ener ...
... reductions for the United States • ICF International- a California specific curve following AB-32 legislation • The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy marginal abatement cost curves for Germany • US EPA - MAC curve for non CO2 emissions such as methane, N2O, and HFCs. • Ener ...
The São Paulo Proposal for an Improved International Climate Agreement
... If one of these conditions is met, compliance becomes easier or less costly, and the commitment of each developed country for the subsequent year (2019 for the 2013 decision) is reduced by 1.5 percent from that of the previous year (2018 for the 2019 commitment). A reduction of 1.5 percent per year ...
... If one of these conditions is met, compliance becomes easier or less costly, and the commitment of each developed country for the subsequent year (2019 for the 2013 decision) is reduced by 1.5 percent from that of the previous year (2018 for the 2019 commitment). A reduction of 1.5 percent per year ...
Brief summary of the impact of ship emissions on atmospheric
... associated with alternative policy mechanisms to control ship emissions. Other research recently published explores the cost-effectiveness of such mechanisms for a ‘Sulfur Emissions Control Area’ (SECA) along the U.S. West Coast (Wang and Corbett, 2007; Wang et al., 2007b). The aforementioned resear ...
... associated with alternative policy mechanisms to control ship emissions. Other research recently published explores the cost-effectiveness of such mechanisms for a ‘Sulfur Emissions Control Area’ (SECA) along the U.S. West Coast (Wang and Corbett, 2007; Wang et al., 2007b). The aforementioned resear ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.