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Adenosine 5`-Triphosphate (ATP) | NEB
Adenosine 5`-Triphosphate (ATP) | NEB

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Emerging Understanding of Minireview
Emerging Understanding of Minireview

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... gene. We now know that this is an oversimplification. Although individual humans (and alldiploid organisms) can only have two alleles for a given gene, multiple alleles may exist at the population level such that many combinations of two alleles are observed. Note that when many alleles exist for th ...
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to stochasticity in gene expression
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to stochasticity in gene expression

... has little effect on the properties of a system. However, stochastic fluctuations can become significant in smaller systems. In living cells, many components are present at very low copy numbers, [e.g., of order one for DNA loci and of order tens for transcription factors (1)]. Therefore, stochastic ...
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No Slide Title

... limited value because their substitution rates are derived from alignments of sequences that are at least 85% identical An alternative approach has been developed by Henikoff and Henikoff using local multiple alignments of more distantly related sequences ...
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The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial

... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
Exercise 11 - Understanding the Output for a blastn Search
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... relative of the model fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster) contains region(s) with sequence similarity to any known genes. The unknown sequence is an 11,000 base pair (bp) fragment of genomic DNA, and the objective of gene annotation is to find and precisely map the coding regions of any genes in this ...
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MicroRNA: A novel class of master regulators of gene expression

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The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial

... control (Kolter & Helinski, 1979). Whether natural plasmids have a high (>5 copies per chromosome) or low copy number, it now appears that this copy number is under tight control. However, efficient replication control is not sufficient to ensure plasmid stability. Plasmids (like the chromosome) nee ...
advanced placement biology - Freehold Regional High School District
advanced placement biology - Freehold Regional High School District

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Motif recognition - www.bioinf.org.uk
Motif recognition - www.bioinf.org.uk

... •Z-score: one needs to estimate an average score and a standard deviation as a function of sequence length. Then, one uses the number of standard deviations each sequence is away from the average as the score. •e-value (Expect value): given a database search result with alignment score S, the e-valu ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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