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Supplementary information
Supplementary information

... analysis. Because there were only three replicates in each group, the moderated t-test in the limma package (6) was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the two groups. The moderated t-test uses an empirical Bayes method to moderate the standard errors of the estimated log-fold ch ...
S3. Computational Molecular Modeling- AS1 AS2
S3. Computational Molecular Modeling- AS1 AS2

... AS1 AND AS2 REPRESS KNOX GENE EXPRESSION In plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a self-renewing group of cells that differentiates into the above ground plant tissues. Several genes encode proteins required to regulate the balance between maintaining the undifferentiated meristem cell populat ...
DNA Extraction
DNA Extraction

... • DNA is present in the cells of all living organisms. • The process of extracting DNA from a cell is the first step for many laboratory procedures in biotechnology. • The scientist must be able to separate DNA from the unwanted substances of the cell gently enough so that the DNA does not denature ...
A very large amount of genetic variation exists in the human
A very large amount of genetic variation exists in the human

DNA Extraction
DNA Extraction

... • DNA is present in the cells of all living organisms. • The process of extracting DNA from a cell is the first step for many laboratory procedures in biotechnology. • The scientist must be able to separate DNA from the unwanted substances of the cell gently enough so that the DNA does not denature ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Each cell of our body contains 46 chromosomes • They are made of DNA our genetic material • A gene is a segment of DNA along the length of ...
FatiScan
FatiScan

... If a threshold based on the experimental values is applied, and the resulting selection of genes compared for enrichment of a functional term, this might not be found Functional Classes expressed as blocks in A and B ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... • Gene linkage – genes located on the same chromosome are inherited together • Sex-linkage • Sex chromosomes contain genes for many characters unrelated to sex • X-linked/Y-linked gene ...
CHAPTER 19: GENE TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 19: GENE TECHNOLOGY

... DNA from special primers, making a new strand from each original strand. Thus the amount of DNA is doubled at each cycle – 2 strands to 4 strands to 8 strands to 16 strands and so forth. This method is substantially quicker than cloning the DNA strand via plasmids or viruses. DNA is readily identifi ...
Restriction Enzyme Digestion
Restriction Enzyme Digestion

... The sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand The sugar-phosphate backbone of both strands The nitrogenous bases from one strand The nitrogenous bases from both strands ...
PowerPoint - IBIVU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
PowerPoint - IBIVU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

... Biological definitions for related sequences  Homologues are similar sequences in two different organisms that have been derived from a common ancestor sequence. Homologues can be described as either orthologues or paralogues.  Orthologues are similar sequences in two different organisms that hav ...
Early History The Composition of a Human Cell
Early History The Composition of a Human Cell

... gene that contains instructions for producing a protein whose function is to add sugars to the surface of red blood cells. Like other genes, this gene has two alleles, one inherited from the biological mother and the other from the biological father. Each allele can be one of three minor structural ...
Document
Document

... Chapter 12. Transcriptional Activators in Eucaryotes Chapter 11. General Transcription Factors in Eucaryotes. ...
Chapter 8-1
Chapter 8-1

... physically separated (offset) from one another • One half-channel leads from intermembrane (cytosolic) space into the middle of the a subunit; the other leads from the middle of the a subunit into the matrix • Each proton moves from the intermembrane space through the half-channel & binds to a negat ...
Recombinant DNA WS
Recombinant DNA WS

... resulting gel. The loading well has been drawn for you. d. What is the resulting base pair length after insertion? Show work. ...
21_Lecture_Presentation_PC
21_Lecture_Presentation_PC

... • Software is available that allows online visitors to search Genbank for matches to – A specific DNA sequence – A predicted protein sequence – Common stretches of amino acids in a protein ...
Study Guide
Study Guide

... The ordering of nucleotides, or the sequence of the nitrogenous bases, is what makes living  organisms different from each other. The sugar­phosphate backbone is identical in all living  organisms (bacteria, plants, humans, etc) and even the nitrogenous bases used (adenosine,  cytosine, guanine and  ...
Basic Steps of the DNA process
Basic Steps of the DNA process

... 1. DNA Template ‐ this must be ‘clean’ DNA that is no inhibitors. This may be cleaned with a gene  clean silica matrix. Microcon 100 can also be used to help clean. May want to dilute sample if  too concentrated to dilute inhibitors however may lose rare copy genes.  2. Primers ‐ usually 15‐35 bp sh ...
Biomolecules Unit Review File
Biomolecules Unit Review File

... 12. Draw a single nucleotide. Draw a chain of nucleic acid. How many strands does DNA have? How many strands does RNA have? 13. What provides more energy lipids or carbohydrates? What type of energy are each of them? 14. What is glycogen? Where can you find it? What organisms utilize glycogen? 15. W ...
Big data mining yields novel insights on cancer
Big data mining yields novel insights on cancer

... the finding that coordinated aberrations in expression for nearby genes suggest the presence of SCNAs8. The association of PCs with SCNAs was only observed in human samples derived from cancer tissues or cell lines; nontumor samples and samples from rodents did not show this association. On the basi ...
Paroxysmal movement disorders
Paroxysmal movement disorders

... though rarely can last as long as 20 minutes) + age of onset <20 (unless family hx, as some cases can start as late as age 33) + no LOC/pain during attack + normal exam in between attacks + control of attacks with carbamazepine or phenytoin. -One possible causative gene is PRRT2, but many patients h ...
Genetic factors in aggression
Genetic factors in aggression

... Furthermore, adoption studies have also provided support as one study found that adopted boys with criminal convictions had biological parents with criminal convictions. These boys were clearly aggressive due to genetic factors and not their rearing environment. However, the link is not as simple. T ...
The Module Manual of Biochemistry
The Module Manual of Biochemistry

Practice Problems for final exam:
Practice Problems for final exam:

... heterozygous plants being pink-flowered. If you wanted to produce four o‚clock seed, all of which would yield pink-flowered plants when sown, how would you do it? 14. Thalassemia is a type of human anemia rather common in Mediterranean populations, but, relatively rare in other peoples. The disease ...
Biotechnology Tools For The Future Capsicum
Biotechnology Tools For The Future Capsicum

... • The RB gene from the Solanum bulbocastanum (wild relative of potato) confers broad spectrum resistance to many strains of Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight) when engineered into commercial potatos lines. • When tested in the wild-type and transgenic potatoes it was found that 1) P. capsic ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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