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Advancements in Genetic Engineering
Advancements in Genetic Engineering

... pretty to form a family, the genetic components in their descendants are limited to sets of combinations. Every aspect of physiologic functions have at most three combinations, once the both parties of couple is determined, whether their kids are healthy or not at a certain aspect is almost unchange ...
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... b. Leading Strand- replication is continuous i. DNA synthesized uninterrupted from 1 RNA primer c. Lagging Strand- replication occurs from multiple primers i. Synthesis is discontinuous ii. Short strand eventually joined together 1. ƌƌĂŶŐĞĚϯ͛ƚŽϱ͛;ďƵƚƉƌŽĐĞĞĚƐϱ͛ƚŽϯ͛) d. RNA Primase (RNA Polym ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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