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level one science: biology
level one science: biology

... I know the four letters used for the bases (A, T, C and G) and which bases pair up together on opposite strands of DNA. I can describe the structure of DNA by including the terms: sugar, phosphate, base and nucleotide. I can define and distinguish between DNA, chromosomes, genes and alleles. I can e ...
pdffile - UCI Math
pdffile - UCI Math

... From the perspective of genetics, the DNA molecule has two major attributes. The first is that it is able to replicate—that is, to make an exact copy of itself that can be passed to another cell, thereby conveying its precise genetic characteristics. Figure 2.1 is a diagram that shows how DNA replic ...
Mitochondrial DNA and its Role in Contemporary Paleoanthropology
Mitochondrial DNA and its Role in Contemporary Paleoanthropology

... mutations in human mtDNA are believed to be random events that occur at a roughly uniform rate of (say) one every 3,000 years, then should the mtDNA sequences of two populations differ by, say, 10 nucleotides, it can be inferred that the two populations split from a common ancestral population about ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... 2) Explain how natural selection applies to numerous situations, from antibiotic resistant bacteria and to Darwin’s finches 3) Explain the difference between mimicry and camouflage and give an example of each. 4) Understand how the fossil record, homologous/vestigial structures, embryological simila ...
practical sheet
practical sheet

... Depending of the performance of your computer, we may have to reduce the initial number of genes at play in order to perform your analysis comfortably (that is, by not waiting too much for R). — For each gene, test the difference in the mean between the two groups (ALL/AML), with a t-test or a Wilco ...
C1. The common points of control are as follows: 1. DNA
C1. The common points of control are as follows: 1. DNA

... arrangement found in B and C, the two middle bases (i.e., A and T) are not in the correct order. C15. There are four types of bases (A, T, G, and C) and this CRE sequence contains 8 bp, so according to random chance, it should occur every 48 bp, which equals every 65,536 bp. If we divide 3 billion b ...
Central Dogma Review Sheet
Central Dogma Review Sheet

10/7
10/7

... The level of this mRNA increases after plants are exposed to light. ...
IB Topics DNA HL no writing
IB Topics DNA HL no writing

... • nucleotides added to form new strands; • complementary base pairing; • A to T and G to C; • DNA polymerase forms the new complementary strands; • replication is semi-conservative; • each of the DNA molecules formed has one old and one new ...
Alu-TPA PCR Kit (#8) Tech Service Training August ‘99
Alu-TPA PCR Kit (#8) Tech Service Training August ‘99

... • Segments of DNA which have the ability to move to or be copied to other regions of the genome Replicate are thought Element ...
Chapter 9, 10, and 11
Chapter 9, 10, and 11

... 3. In order to develop a test for a particular genetic disorder, scientists must first obtain family pedigrees. a. Family pedigrees trace particular genes through many family generations. b. In the example of Huntington disease, the family pedigree illustrated that the offspring of an affected indiv ...
Document
Document

... arrangement found in B and C, the two middle bases (i.e., A and T) are not in the correct order. C15. There are four types of bases (A, T, G, and C) and this CRE sequence contains 8 bp, so according to random chance, it should occur every 48 bp, which equals every 65,536 bp. If we divide 3 billion b ...
Student Handout - University of California, Irvine
Student Handout - University of California, Irvine

... ____________ pieces of DNA will have more difficulty moving through the gel than ___________ fragments. Thus, larger fragments will move _____________ than smaller fragments. This allows separation of all different __________ of DNA fragments. 10 min. ...
Variation in Gene Expression
Variation in Gene Expression

... As we can see, we should get a 3:1 ratio of yellow to gray mice, so some genotype could be absent from the progeny. All testcross data with the yellow mice give a 1:1 ratio. This ratio is typical of what is seen with heterozygous individuals. Therefore, all of the yellow mice are heterozygous Yy. So ...
Chapters 18, 19, 20, 27) Virus, bacteria, gene expression
Chapters 18, 19, 20, 27) Virus, bacteria, gene expression

... Capsomeres- small units that make up the capsid Viral envelope – - Are derived from membranes of host cells: as a virus is brought into a cell, it brings part of the host cell membrane in through endocytosis - May cloak the capsids of viruses found in animals  Viral genomes may be single or double ...
Identifying differentially expressed sets of genes in microarray
Identifying differentially expressed sets of genes in microarray

... genes associated with a particular location in the cell, or genes having a particular function or being involved in a particular process. We could even include sets of genes for which all of the preceding are unknown, but we have reason believe could be of interest, typically from previous experimen ...
Ch. 8 Power Point
Ch. 8 Power Point

... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. ...
Handouts
Handouts

What is biochemistry?
What is biochemistry?

... In this example, eight separate protein samples were used (shown in the eight dark blue lanes). The middle lane shows the molecular mass marker. The bands have been stained with blue dye. Darker bands indicate the presence of a higher concentration of protein. Kilodaltons (kd) are units of mass used ...
Ch 9-11 Review - HensonsBiologyPage
Ch 9-11 Review - HensonsBiologyPage

... term best describes this process? A. adaptation B. mutation C. natural selection D. genetic engineering ...
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors

... window (TSS/50 -end, TTS/30 -end or the entire gene/transcript body), as well as the upstream and downstream analysis window size in increments of 500 bp. A gene list can be compared with the union of any combination of ChIP-Seq experiments in ENCODE Tier 1, 2 and 3 cell lines that comprise the ENCO ...
Peter Pristas BNK1
Peter Pristas BNK1

... Only about 3-5% of all the genes in a human cell are expressed at any given time. The genes expressed can be specific for a particular cell type or tissue. ...
HoFH text summary
HoFH text summary

... Some individuals with FH have inherited a single copy of an FH disease-causing mutation from one of their parents, leading to “heterozygous” FH (HeFH). For others, both parents have passed on the FH mutation, which causes a more serious form of the disease, known as “homozygous” FH (HoFH).2–6 Patien ...
Bio1A Unit 2-7 Gene Expression Pt 1 Notes File
Bio1A Unit 2-7 Gene Expression Pt 1 Notes File

... Lactose metabolism in bacteria • Bacteria can digest lactose - requires proteins / enzymes. i.e. – β-galactosidase • Bacteria will not produce lactose metabolic enzyme unless needed  Lactose present • If lactose is absent enzyme are not made in order to conserve energy  No β-gal • Bacteria prefer ...
Introduction to DiversiLab
Introduction to DiversiLab

... genomic DNA. This kit provides a standardized extraction procedure for all organisms including Mycobacterium and Fungi. The mechanical lyses and column-based column based method result in a clean DNA sample perfect for use in the DiversiLab System. bioMérieux provides extraction kits in 50- and 250- ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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