Climate Change Issues and Mitigation Actions in Indonesia Relevant
... Indonesia is still facing a problem of poverty and under-employment. The Asian financial crisis, to some extent, has decelerated the pace of poverty reduction in Indonesia. The poverty incidence in Indonesia is 14.15% (March, 2010) equivalent to more than 32 million people and in term of number of p ...
... Indonesia is still facing a problem of poverty and under-employment. The Asian financial crisis, to some extent, has decelerated the pace of poverty reduction in Indonesia. The poverty incidence in Indonesia is 14.15% (March, 2010) equivalent to more than 32 million people and in term of number of p ...
THE CHALLENGES OF INCORPORATING CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
... 1. Assisting developed countries to achieve their compliance in regard to their quantified emission limits and reduce their commitments under article 3. 2. Assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development and at the same time contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention ...
... 1. Assisting developed countries to achieve their compliance in regard to their quantified emission limits and reduce their commitments under article 3. 2. Assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development and at the same time contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention ...
An Overview of Motor Vehicles, Manufacture, Insurance and Climate
... more GHGs per passenger/km than any other surface mode of transport. MV travel accounts for 15-30% of total trips in developing world. 50% in Western Europe. 90% in the United States. For each gallon of gasoline consumed by MVs nearly 20lbs of CO2 estimated to be released into atmosphere. In US alon ...
... more GHGs per passenger/km than any other surface mode of transport. MV travel accounts for 15-30% of total trips in developing world. 50% in Western Europe. 90% in the United States. For each gallon of gasoline consumed by MVs nearly 20lbs of CO2 estimated to be released into atmosphere. In US alon ...
climate summit achievements
... to halve the loss of natural forests globally by 2020, and strive to end it by 2030. • Major and well‐known commodity producers and traders adopted zero deforestation policies covering about 60 percent of global trade and committed to innovative PPPs to ensure a sustainable supply chain ...
... to halve the loss of natural forests globally by 2020, and strive to end it by 2030. • Major and well‐known commodity producers and traders adopted zero deforestation policies covering about 60 percent of global trade and committed to innovative PPPs to ensure a sustainable supply chain ...
All developing countries where there is any ability to measure
... the quantitative targets. For now, our assumption is that in any such scenario, other countries would follow by dropping out one by one, and the whole scheme would unravel.7 Or else the whole scheme would unravel much earlier if private actors rationally perceived that at some point in the future ma ...
... the quantitative targets. For now, our assumption is that in any such scenario, other countries would follow by dropping out one by one, and the whole scheme would unravel.7 Or else the whole scheme would unravel much earlier if private actors rationally perceived that at some point in the future ma ...
Diapositiva 1
... to ‘dangerous,’ or perhaps even catastrophic change could surprise us in the years ahead.” ...
... to ‘dangerous,’ or perhaps even catastrophic change could surprise us in the years ahead.” ...
12 International climate change agreements What is covered in this chapter?
... The negotiating process You may wonder how a negotiating process with 180 countries could ever produce a result. The secret is that countries operate in blocs. As in every UN negotiation developing countries coordinate positions in the so-called ‘Group of 77 and China’. Now being a group that consis ...
... The negotiating process You may wonder how a negotiating process with 180 countries could ever produce a result. The secret is that countries operate in blocs. As in every UN negotiation developing countries coordinate positions in the so-called ‘Group of 77 and China’. Now being a group that consis ...
Climate Change and Energy
... Since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in 1992, climate change has become one of the most important international issues. Climate change is already affecting many people in daily lives with unpredictable weather conditions, draughts and flooding, so greenhouse gas ( ...
... Since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in 1992, climate change has become one of the most important international issues. Climate change is already affecting many people in daily lives with unpredictable weather conditions, draughts and flooding, so greenhouse gas ( ...
Using the Kyoto Protocol as a stepping stone.
... The great danger in ET of the “hot air” has shown not to be serious for the carbon market – countries have only been willing to buy it when it is connected with a Green Investment Scheme (GIS). Until now about 275 MtCO2 has been sold by Russia, Ukraine and the Eastern European countries [102]. In a ...
... The great danger in ET of the “hot air” has shown not to be serious for the carbon market – countries have only been willing to buy it when it is connected with a Green Investment Scheme (GIS). Until now about 275 MtCO2 has been sold by Russia, Ukraine and the Eastern European countries [102]. In a ...
10 Point Climate Action Work Program
... This 10-Point Climate Action Work Program represents the focus and direction of the Air District’s Climate Protection Program in 2014 and 2015. This Work Program reflects the Air District’s strength in playing a coordinating role for policy implementation at the federal, state, regional and local le ...
... This 10-Point Climate Action Work Program represents the focus and direction of the Air District’s Climate Protection Program in 2014 and 2015. This Work Program reflects the Air District’s strength in playing a coordinating role for policy implementation at the federal, state, regional and local le ...
10584_2012_414_MOESM1_ESM
... uncertain climate assumptions, like climate sensitivity, in a probabilistic way. This is a significant advantage over a deterministic approach. However, it does not remove model dependency. The parameters are chosen such that they are in general consistent with the findings of the IPCC Fourth Assess ...
... uncertain climate assumptions, like climate sensitivity, in a probabilistic way. This is a significant advantage over a deterministic approach. However, it does not remove model dependency. The parameters are chosen such that they are in general consistent with the findings of the IPCC Fourth Assess ...
Climate change
... source of human-caused CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity, power transport and heat buildings. REmap 2030 shows that keeping CO levels below 450 parts per million (ppm) – the level beyond which catastrophic climate change could occur – is still possible. At the star ...
... source of human-caused CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity, power transport and heat buildings. REmap 2030 shows that keeping CO levels below 450 parts per million (ppm) – the level beyond which catastrophic climate change could occur – is still possible. At the star ...
G. M. Hidy
... and uncertainties based on pollutant mixtures. • Take a multipollutant approach to controlling emissions that pose the most significant risks • Take an airshed-based approach optimizing pollutant reductions to minimize exposure risk to multipollutants arising from local, regional, national, and inte ...
... and uncertainties based on pollutant mixtures. • Take a multipollutant approach to controlling emissions that pose the most significant risks • Take an airshed-based approach optimizing pollutant reductions to minimize exposure risk to multipollutants arising from local, regional, national, and inte ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
The Artificial Intelligence of Geoengineering
... Chaos theory proposes that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil could cause a hurricane in Texas.1 Complexity theory compounds the chaos by adding the quantum-like effects of, for example, genome changes in the butterfly to the conflictions of supercomputer models. Now, geoengineers want to mult ...
... Chaos theory proposes that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil could cause a hurricane in Texas.1 Complexity theory compounds the chaos by adding the quantum-like effects of, for example, genome changes in the butterfly to the conflictions of supercomputer models. Now, geoengineers want to mult ...
Speech on the Environment by Prime Minister Taro ASO
... compatibility between growth and the environment represents a serious challenge for developing countries, which seek to achieve high rates of growth. Short cuts should be found if they utilise the experience and accumulated knowledge of developed countries which have gone through many years of trial ...
... compatibility between growth and the environment represents a serious challenge for developing countries, which seek to achieve high rates of growth. Short cuts should be found if they utilise the experience and accumulated knowledge of developed countries which have gone through many years of trial ...
Climate change – global warming
... National climate policies • Finnish climate policy – According EU´s internal sharing of emissions, Finland has promised to retain its GHG emissions during 2008-2012 on 1990 level – Government has accepted a long-term climate and energy strategy 6.11.2008. Prerequisities for reaching the aims includ ...
... National climate policies • Finnish climate policy – According EU´s internal sharing of emissions, Finland has promised to retain its GHG emissions during 2008-2012 on 1990 level – Government has accepted a long-term climate and energy strategy 6.11.2008. Prerequisities for reaching the aims includ ...
INDCs lower projected warming to 2.7˚C
... Given the wide gap between current policies and the INDCs, it is clear that there will need to be major increases in action by most governments, starting very soon. This underlines the importance of frequent—and regular—monitoring and reviewing of progress. In order to keep the 2°C and 1.5°C goals i ...
... Given the wide gap between current policies and the INDCs, it is clear that there will need to be major increases in action by most governments, starting very soon. This underlines the importance of frequent—and regular—monitoring and reviewing of progress. In order to keep the 2°C and 1.5°C goals i ...
How Will Climate Change Affect the Stillaguamish Watershed?
... and the Envision Skagit Project by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle. September, 2011. [10] NOAA Sea Level Trends: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html [11] (NRC) National Research Council 2012. S ...
... and the Envision Skagit Project by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle. September, 2011. [10] NOAA Sea Level Trends: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html [11] (NRC) National Research Council 2012. S ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.