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Alternative Policies and Sea-Level Rise in the
Alternative Policies and Sea-Level Rise in the

... domestic product (GDP) in constant prices, and the GDPs of different countries are converted into 2005 U.S. international prices using purchasing-power-parity exchange rates. Output data through 2009 are from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), with projections to 2014 from th ...
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... the Strategy, and detailed tasks for ministries and local governing entities as well as specific budgets. Under the plan, the government will spend approximately 2% of annual GDP on green growth programmes and projects. Investments will initially be geared towards infrastructure systems in order to ...
the future of redd+ - Conservation International
the future of redd+ - Conservation International

... implementation, as more than 50 developing countries are designing national implementation programs. The right enabling conditions must be in place in order for REDD+ to succeed globally: REDD+ must be incentivized in the new climate agreement by building on the UNFCCC’s REDD+ Warsaw decisions, and ...
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Environmental Pillar Submission on Agriculture Roadmap

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... economy. Its efforts in this area date back to 1990 when the EU committed to stabilising its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at that year’s levels by 2000, a target which it met. Since then, the Union has put in place a whole series of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many through ...
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Melting Ice - World Climate Research Programme

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Download pdf | 1350 KB |

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here - Biofuelwatch

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Carbon governance in England

The reduction of carbon emissions, along with other greenhouse gases (GHGs), has become a vitally important task of international, national and local actors. If we understand governance as the creation of “conditions for ordered rule and collective action” then, given the fact that the reduction of carbon emissions will require concerted collective action, it follows that the governance of carbon will be of paramount concern. We have seen numerous international conferences over the past 20 years tasked with finding a way of facilitating this, and while international agreements have been infamously difficult to reach, action at the national level has been much more effective. In the UK, the Climate Change Act 2008 committed the government to meeting significant carbon reduction targets. In England, these carbon emissions are governed using numerous different instruments, which involve a variety of actors. While it has been argued by authors like Rhodes that there has been a “hollowing out” of the nation state, and that governments have lost their capabilities to govern to a variety of non-state actors and the European Union, the case of carbon governance in England actually runs counter to this. The government body responsible for the task, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), is the “main external dynamic” behind governing actions in this area, and “rather than hollowing out (there has actually been a strengthening of) central co-ordination”. The department may rely on other bodies to deliver its desired outcomes, but it is still ultimately responsible for the imposition of the rules and regulations that “steer (carbon) governmental action at the national level”. It is therefore evident that carbon governance in England is hierarchical in nature, in that “legislative decisions and executive decisions” are the main dynamic behind carbon governance action. This does not deny the existence of a network of bodies around DECC who are part of the process, but they are supplementary actors who are steered by central decisions. This article focuses on carbon governance in England as the other countries of the UK (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) all have devolved assemblies who are responsible for the governance of carbon emissions in their respective countries.
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