• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Management & Engineering
Management & Engineering

... 3.4 The contribution of Chinese forestry action to low-carbon development Forestry has quite positive effects on the execution of Chinese low-carbon development. Carrying out forestry action, such as afforestation, reforestation, forest management, wetland protection, and fossil energy substitution, ...
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change
Cities` Contribution to Climate Change

... transit (Kamal-Chaoui 2009). Cities meet approximately 72 percent of their total energy demand from coal, oil, and natural gas—the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Cities also use about 70 percent of the energy generated from renewable sources; however, these sources still make up just ...
Characterizing postindustrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in
Characterizing postindustrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in

... data sets and a number of assumptions, the C∗ method is able to identify different contributions to the total DIC concentration; the major contributions are from remineralization of particulate organic carbon (POC) and CO2 solubility. By subtracting these from the total DIC, the method can ultimate ...
Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical
Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical

... decrease (increase) resulting from afforestation (deforestation) in the tropics but the opposite effect in high northern latitudes. This result was confirmed by Bala et al. (2007), who applied a GCM with a coupled carbon cycle (INCCA). Betts (2000) used the radiative transfer model of HadAM3 to esti ...
1 - White Rose Research Online
1 - White Rose Research Online

... first term ― Δp ⋅ F(t) ⋅ L (t) ⋅ y s (t) ⋅ yv (t) represents the change in CO2 emissions due to changes in population, with all other variables (F, L, ys and yv) remaining constant. This also serves to highlight a methodological issue with SDA – non-uniqueness. For instance, in the fourth term F, L, ...
College greenhouse gas inventory
College greenhouse gas inventory

... Electricity consumption and its associated emissions have been increasing significantly over the last seven years at Pomona. Consumption increased by 23.40% between 1999-2000 and 20052006 as shown in Figure 3.1. GHG emissions increased by 30.56% during the time period from 6421 metric tones in the y ...
Section 733(b) (page 185) - American Public Power Association
Section 733(b) (page 185) - American Public Power Association

... Section 721(e) also provides that if emissions from covered entities do not represent specified percentages of 2005 emissions in 2012, 2014 or 2016, the allowance caps shall be adjusted to be consistent with the reduction targets established in Sec. 703 are met. Sec. 721(f) (p. 425) Compensatory all ...
Download paper (PDF)
Download paper (PDF)

... atmosphere can be accounted for by assigning full property rights to the atmosphere and allowing trading of those rights. While property rights to the atmosphere cannot reasonably be assigned in this way and enormous transactions costs prevent any true Coasian solution, we can nonetheless achieve th ...
PDF
PDF

... accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that has already occurred and their relatively gradual decay rates, individuals, institutions, and ecosystems will need to adapt. Hence, an efficient response to climate change would include a substantial adaptation component. Just as the burden for ...
Global Warming and Economic Externalities
Global Warming and Economic Externalities

... Given the scientific evidence that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) contribute to global warming which will have real economic consequences through climate change, and the fact that until recently there is neither a market price for GHG emissions nor alternate institutions to impose limits ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the

... climate change mitigation and GHG emission reduction, the current level of national action under the Paris Agreement is still not in line with the agreed global long-term goals. In this section, we briefly describe the results from the Climate Action Tracker project 1, which combines results from (i ...
The Social Cost of Carbon and the Case for Its Inclusion in the
The Social Cost of Carbon and the Case for Its Inclusion in the

... Federal Government.18 The international community was the first to respond to this data, as the United Nations commissioned the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to research climate change and assess potential causes.19 When the IPCC released its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007, it i ...
Developing countries call for historical responsibility as basis for
Developing countries call for historical responsibility as basis for

... it may seem impossible to achieve development while maintaining their current, low per-capita level of emissions (often below 2 tonnes per capita (“tpc”)). For developed countries it may seem impossible to go beyond carbon neutral to address their historical emissions. ...
11 Appendix A part 2 - Kettering Borough Council
11 Appendix A part 2 - Kettering Borough Council

... that whatever we do now we cannot escape some climate change, but the worst effects can be avoided if the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are stabilised instead of being allowed to continue to increase. At the same time it will also be necessary to adapt to the changes to ensure that their impact ...
A largescale field assessment of carbon stocks in humanmodified
A largescale field assessment of carbon stocks in humanmodified

... each individual plot to estimate total carbon stocks and then averaged values by forest class (i.e. undisturbed, logged, burned, logged-and-burned, and secondary). Standard error of total stocks was estimated through the root of the sum of the squares of the error of each carbon pool (Pearson et al. ...
ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED © REPSOL, S.A. 2017
ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED © REPSOL, S.A. 2017

... and impactful steps that society can take is to switch from coal to gas. In this sense, at Repsol we are well positioned with respect to our competitors. Our Upstream portfolio is evolving towards a higher percentage of gas compared to oil: around 65% of our production and 75% of our reserves are ga ...
TAKE ACTION - National Climate Change Secretariat
TAKE ACTION - National Climate Change Secretariat

... Singapore will play its part. We aim to reduce our emissions intensity by 36 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030 and stabilise our emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. Climate Action Plan: Take Action Today, For a Carbon-Efficient Singapore sets out four strategies to achieve this. Improvin ...
Aviation`s Contribution to Climate Change
Aviation`s Contribution to Climate Change

... is remarkably resilient and adaptable to a variety of external pressures. How the current global economic crises will affect aviation remains to be seen but there are early signs of recovery. The usual pattern is a decline or downturn in demand that often recovers after 2 to 3 years, sometimes so st ...
Document
Document

... Real Reductions – Activity must be lower aggregate emissions from an agreed-upon baseline emissions level in the past Permanence – Activity cannot be easily undone (efficiency upgrades, reforestation projects) Quantifiability and Verifiability – Detailed monitoring and verification plan specific to ...
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

... Real Reductions – Activity must be lower aggregate emissions from an agreed-upon baseline emissions level in the past Permanence – Activity cannot be easily undone (efficiency upgrades, reforestation projects) Quantifiability and Verifiability – Detailed monitoring and verification plan specific to ...
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting

... according to the GHG Protocol (http://www.ghgprotocol.org/) – the most widely-used protocol for counting GHG emissions in the world – are considered to come under Scope 1 and Scope 2 (that is, GHG emissions from elements owned or purchased by a livestock producer). However, our World Watch article ...
osu climate plan draft - Finance and Administration
osu climate plan draft - Finance and Administration

... energy produced by renewable energy sources. The owner of a REC can claim that they are using renewable energy equal to the amount of RECs owned. 13) “Renewable energy fee” or “Green fee” refers to the student-approved initiative that directs $8.50 per term per student towards the purchase of RECs. ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

... simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of refrigerators, air conditioners, and other equipment and products that use these chemicals, thus reducing CO2 emissions as well. The Federated States of Micronesia has made a formal proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to do this, as have the Nort ...
Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators
Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators

... resources for their electricity production, show more stable emission patterns across the time series and a decreasing pattern since 2005. Quebec had a 10% (9 Mt CO2 eq) decrease from its 2005 emissions level; while British Columbia had a decline of 5% (3 Mt CO2 eq). In contrast to these decreases, ...
The impacts of the Climate Change Levy on business: evidence from microdata: Working Paper 6 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
The impacts of the Climate Change Levy on business: evidence from microdata: Working Paper 6 (1 MB) (opens in new window)

... manufacturing plants to estimate the impact of the CCAs on energy efficiency, interfuel substitution, and economic performance. Our strategy to identify the tax effect builds on the comparison of trends in energy use and other outcomes between CCA plants and others. This raises two issues. First, el ...
< 1 ... 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ... 85 >

Carbon governance in England

The reduction of carbon emissions, along with other greenhouse gases (GHGs), has become a vitally important task of international, national and local actors. If we understand governance as the creation of “conditions for ordered rule and collective action” then, given the fact that the reduction of carbon emissions will require concerted collective action, it follows that the governance of carbon will be of paramount concern. We have seen numerous international conferences over the past 20 years tasked with finding a way of facilitating this, and while international agreements have been infamously difficult to reach, action at the national level has been much more effective. In the UK, the Climate Change Act 2008 committed the government to meeting significant carbon reduction targets. In England, these carbon emissions are governed using numerous different instruments, which involve a variety of actors. While it has been argued by authors like Rhodes that there has been a “hollowing out” of the nation state, and that governments have lost their capabilities to govern to a variety of non-state actors and the European Union, the case of carbon governance in England actually runs counter to this. The government body responsible for the task, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), is the “main external dynamic” behind governing actions in this area, and “rather than hollowing out (there has actually been a strengthening of) central co-ordination”. The department may rely on other bodies to deliver its desired outcomes, but it is still ultimately responsible for the imposition of the rules and regulations that “steer (carbon) governmental action at the national level”. It is therefore evident that carbon governance in England is hierarchical in nature, in that “legislative decisions and executive decisions” are the main dynamic behind carbon governance action. This does not deny the existence of a network of bodies around DECC who are part of the process, but they are supplementary actors who are steered by central decisions. This article focuses on carbon governance in England as the other countries of the UK (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) all have devolved assemblies who are responsible for the governance of carbon emissions in their respective countries.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report