Rethinking Environmental Federalism in a Warming World
... agent (Burtraw and Shobe 2009). Negotiated resolutions between governments are hard to study. We do know that the interstate compact option provided explicitly for such purpose in the U.S. Constitution is rarely used,6 which seems to imply that there are significant costs to localities in using this ...
... agent (Burtraw and Shobe 2009). Negotiated resolutions between governments are hard to study. We do know that the interstate compact option provided explicitly for such purpose in the U.S. Constitution is rarely used,6 which seems to imply that there are significant costs to localities in using this ...
What do the Appendices to the Copenhagen Accord tell us about global greenhouse gas emissions and the prospects for avoiding a rise in global average temperature of more than 2°C? (436 kB) (opens in new window)
... needs of developing countries. A High-Level Advisory Group on Mobilising Climate Change Resources has been launched9 by the United Nations Secretary-General to explore how such funding could be raised. While much of this money will be used to support adaptation and wider capacity-building, a signifi ...
... needs of developing countries. A High-Level Advisory Group on Mobilising Climate Change Resources has been launched9 by the United Nations Secretary-General to explore how such funding could be raised. While much of this money will be used to support adaptation and wider capacity-building, a signifi ...
LPG`s Carbon Footprint Relative to Other Fuels
... The difference from one group to the other is significant; the gaseous fuels’ footprints are some 20% lower than those of heating oil. This broad conclusion rests on a critical assumption – that the footprints of natural gas and LPG in this application are identical – an assumption accepted under th ...
... The difference from one group to the other is significant; the gaseous fuels’ footprints are some 20% lower than those of heating oil. This broad conclusion rests on a critical assumption – that the footprints of natural gas and LPG in this application are identical – an assumption accepted under th ...
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
... A commercial building standard exists in Mexico, but its enforcement is not very advanced. The efforts required for proper implementation and enforcement of building standards are large and have substantial influence on the national governance structures. Additionally, the necessary measures are lon ...
... A commercial building standard exists in Mexico, but its enforcement is not very advanced. The efforts required for proper implementation and enforcement of building standards are large and have substantial influence on the national governance structures. Additionally, the necessary measures are lon ...
IEAGHG Information Paper: 2015-IP23; Status Report on Direct Air Capture
... The pilot facility can capture and process around 1 tonne of CO2 per day which represents a big step up from the company’s earlier demonstration plant, which ran only the first step of capture and did not regenerate gaseous CO2.The process is currently powered by electricity, which in British Colum ...
... The pilot facility can capture and process around 1 tonne of CO2 per day which represents a big step up from the company’s earlier demonstration plant, which ran only the first step of capture and did not regenerate gaseous CO2.The process is currently powered by electricity, which in British Colum ...
Black Carbon Mitigation and the Role of the
... The Global Environment Facility (GEF) unites 183 countries in partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector to address global environmental issues, while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. An independently operating finan ...
... The Global Environment Facility (GEF) unites 183 countries in partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the private sector to address global environmental issues, while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. An independently operating finan ...
DOC 129KB - Climate Change Authority
... basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Article 4(1) recognises that action should take account of specific national circumstances. In other words, each country should contribute an equitable level of effort that will provi ...
... basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Article 4(1) recognises that action should take account of specific national circumstances. In other words, each country should contribute an equitable level of effort that will provi ...
9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
Report Gas Greenhouse
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
The Kyoto Protocol accounting rules
... Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2007. 1 Under this international agreement, Australia is committed to maintaining its national greenhouse gas emissions at (or below) 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels for each year from 2008 to 2 ...
... Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2007. 1 Under this international agreement, Australia is committed to maintaining its national greenhouse gas emissions at (or below) 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels for each year from 2008 to 2 ...
Peaking China`s CO2 Emissions: Trends and Mitigation Potential
... are those policies and measures that have not yet been implemented at the time of the base year but have been included in well-established policy proposals.) The third category is the “alternative scenario,” which might not be based on current or planned policies, but instead assumes the adoption of ...
... are those policies and measures that have not yet been implemented at the time of the base year but have been included in well-established policy proposals.) The third category is the “alternative scenario,” which might not be based on current or planned policies, but instead assumes the adoption of ...
4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 4.4.1 Introduction
... reference gas, which has a GWP of 1 over 100 years (IPCC 1996). For example, a gas with a GWP of 10 is 10 times more potent than CO2 over 100 years. The use of GWP allows GHG emissions to be reported using CO2 as a baseline. The sum of each GHG multiplied by its associated GWP is referred to as “car ...
... reference gas, which has a GWP of 1 over 100 years (IPCC 1996). For example, a gas with a GWP of 10 is 10 times more potent than CO2 over 100 years. The use of GWP allows GHG emissions to be reported using CO2 as a baseline. The sum of each GHG multiplied by its associated GWP is referred to as “car ...
Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory for all sectors of Sonoma
... Municipalities can focus on GHG emissions produced by their internal operations, on emissions produced by all sectors in the jurisdiction, or first one and then the other. Sonoma municipalities chose to “lead by example,” focusing on internal operations first. This study represents Sonoma’s first as ...
... Municipalities can focus on GHG emissions produced by their internal operations, on emissions produced by all sectors in the jurisdiction, or first one and then the other. Sonoma municipalities chose to “lead by example,” focusing on internal operations first. This study represents Sonoma’s first as ...
A Low Carbon Route Map - Keep Scotland Beautiful
... landfill. Some household food waste can’t be avoided - for example, vegetable peelings, tea bags and chicken bones, but over half of all food waste is avoidable. The main reasons that food is thrown away are that we cook too much and don’t eat it all; and that we buy too much and don’t use it before ...
... landfill. Some household food waste can’t be avoided - for example, vegetable peelings, tea bags and chicken bones, but over half of all food waste is avoidable. The main reasons that food is thrown away are that we cook too much and don’t eat it all; and that we buy too much and don’t use it before ...
Review of existing emissions pathways and evaluation of
... 2°C or at least below 2.5°C by the end of the 21st century. The majority of mitigation scenarios assessed over recent years have focused on GHG pathways broadly consistent with achieving atmospheric concentrations of GHGs between 450 ppm and 550 ppm. Although, as already discussed, there remains unc ...
... 2°C or at least below 2.5°C by the end of the 21st century. The majority of mitigation scenarios assessed over recent years have focused on GHG pathways broadly consistent with achieving atmospheric concentrations of GHGs between 450 ppm and 550 ppm. Although, as already discussed, there remains unc ...
Cost-effective payments for reducing emissions from deforestation under uncertainty: Working Paper 72 (438 kB) (opens in new window)
... commonly used in the REDD+ literature. Under a national approach to reducing emissions, for example, the concern is less about permanence of specific forest areas but instead whether a particular country continues to maintain changes in emissions below some reference level (Dutschke and Angelsen (20 ...
... commonly used in the REDD+ literature. Under a national approach to reducing emissions, for example, the concern is less about permanence of specific forest areas but instead whether a particular country continues to maintain changes in emissions below some reference level (Dutschke and Angelsen (20 ...
A simple object-oriented and open-source model for scientific and
... to or accept from the larger model system. The coupler uses this information to route messages, such as requests for data, between components. Components also register their dependencies, i.e., what results they require from other components in order to complete their computations. After initializat ...
... to or accept from the larger model system. The coupler uses this information to route messages, such as requests for data, between components. Components also register their dependencies, i.e., what results they require from other components in order to complete their computations. After initializat ...
climate action plan - Town of San Anselmo
... 2009. The U.S. Senate considered, but failed to pass, various cap-and-trade bills in 2009 and 2010. These bills utilized a market-based approach to controlling emissions by allocating permits to companies that allow them to emit a certain volume of greenhouse gasses. Companies that need to expand th ...
... 2009. The U.S. Senate considered, but failed to pass, various cap-and-trade bills in 2009 and 2010. These bills utilized a market-based approach to controlling emissions by allocating permits to companies that allow them to emit a certain volume of greenhouse gasses. Companies that need to expand th ...
Analysis and evaluation of forest carbon projects and respective
... the Kyoto protocol, which applies for large sections of the economies in industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and b) on the voluntary carbon market, which extends to private individuals, for-profit and not-for-profit businesses that want to offset their CO2 emissions on a ...
... the Kyoto protocol, which applies for large sections of the economies in industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and b) on the voluntary carbon market, which extends to private individuals, for-profit and not-for-profit businesses that want to offset their CO2 emissions on a ...
full text
... Monte Carlo simulation to sample uncertainties in forcings. For A, we assume that each of the nine models has an equal probability. For H, RC, and indirect effects inferred from Forster et al. (2), we use the quoted uncertainties. For the snow albedo effect inferred from (6, 12), we use the 65% 1σ u ...
... Monte Carlo simulation to sample uncertainties in forcings. For A, we assume that each of the nine models has an equal probability. For H, RC, and indirect effects inferred from Forster et al. (2), we use the quoted uncertainties. For the snow albedo effect inferred from (6, 12), we use the 65% 1σ u ...
Energy Efficiency Resource Standard (EERS) for Retail Electricity
... components of the move to a lower-emissions economy. The power sector is the largest single source of industrial pollution, accounting for 37% of U.S. global warming gasses. 2 Energy consumption in buildings, including direct consumption of fossil fuels, accounts for nearly half of all of the nation ...
... components of the move to a lower-emissions economy. The power sector is the largest single source of industrial pollution, accounting for 37% of U.S. global warming gasses. 2 Energy consumption in buildings, including direct consumption of fossil fuels, accounts for nearly half of all of the nation ...
The influence of constrained fossil fuel emissions scenarios on
... must consider the intrinsic or “structural” uncertainty of hydrology (and climate in general), which may be more appropriately represented by a stochastic approach. The point of structural uncertainty was also made by Koutsoyiannis (2010), who demonstrated that even a simple deterministic “toy” clim ...
... must consider the intrinsic or “structural” uncertainty of hydrology (and climate in general), which may be more appropriately represented by a stochastic approach. The point of structural uncertainty was also made by Koutsoyiannis (2010), who demonstrated that even a simple deterministic “toy” clim ...
Australia`s future emissions reduction targets
... made by other countries to reduce their emissions, and the targets judged to be in Australia’s best interests. The Authority recommended a target for 2020 and a trajectory range for emissions out to 2030. It also recommended a long-term emissions budget to guide Australia’s planning over the period ...
... made by other countries to reduce their emissions, and the targets judged to be in Australia’s best interests. The Authority recommended a target for 2020 and a trajectory range for emissions out to 2030. It also recommended a long-term emissions budget to guide Australia’s planning over the period ...
ITLS-WP-09-21 - The University of Sydney
... Bain et al 2008). Achieving reductions in car kilometres by such means partly requires the structure of cities to change, so that more people live closer to where they work and play. Most Australian capital cities are aiming to achieve more compact settlement patterns, but low density growth on the ...
... Bain et al 2008). Achieving reductions in car kilometres by such means partly requires the structure of cities to change, so that more people live closer to where they work and play. Most Australian capital cities are aiming to achieve more compact settlement patterns, but low density growth on the ...
Low Emissions Diet
... absence of clear tipping points, climate feedback mechanisms create accelerating changes, which are potentially irreversible. In addition to the efforts of individuals, governments must play a key role. A meaningful measure would be to create price signals through carbon pricing mechanisms that incl ...
... absence of clear tipping points, climate feedback mechanisms create accelerating changes, which are potentially irreversible. In addition to the efforts of individuals, governments must play a key role. A meaningful measure would be to create price signals through carbon pricing mechanisms that incl ...