United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... small proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The particular needs of developing countries in adapting to climate change is of critical importance. In many key ways, the problem of climate change is interlinked with development: economic growth is essential for developing countries to improve the he ...
... small proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The particular needs of developing countries in adapting to climate change is of critical importance. In many key ways, the problem of climate change is interlinked with development: economic growth is essential for developing countries to improve the he ...
The Marginal Damage Costs of Different Greenhouse Gases: An
... damage potentials are higher than GWPs in nearly all sensitivities. This finding suggests that previous papers using GWPs may be underestimating the relative importance of reducing noncarbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions from a climate damage perspective. Of particular interest is the sensitivity ...
... damage potentials are higher than GWPs in nearly all sensitivities. This finding suggests that previous papers using GWPs may be underestimating the relative importance of reducing noncarbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions from a climate damage perspective. Of particular interest is the sensitivity ...
The Marginal Damage Costs of Different Greenhouse Gases: An
... dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and sulphur hexafluoride—with sensitivity tests for carbon dioxide fertilization, terrestrial feedbacks, climate sensitivity, discounting, equity weighting, and socioeconomic and emissions assumptions. They also estimate the global damage potential for each gas—the r ...
... dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and sulphur hexafluoride—with sensitivity tests for carbon dioxide fertilization, terrestrial feedbacks, climate sensitivity, discounting, equity weighting, and socioeconomic and emissions assumptions. They also estimate the global damage potential for each gas—the r ...
The EU and Strategies for New Climate Treaty Negotiations
... options for mitigating climate change under national or international laws and, if so, would the national legislations, private contracts and environmental contracts serve as alternatives to a treaty? Drawing insights from international law and relations, this policy analysis focuses on the future n ...
... options for mitigating climate change under national or international laws and, if so, would the national legislations, private contracts and environmental contracts serve as alternatives to a treaty? Drawing insights from international law and relations, this policy analysis focuses on the future n ...
Social Costs of Greenhouse Gases
... there is uncertainty over the science and economics of climate change. This uncertainty is due to the complexity of the climate system, the difficulty of placing a monetary value on environmental services, the long time horizon over which climate change occurs, and the unprecedented amount of carbon ...
... there is uncertainty over the science and economics of climate change. This uncertainty is due to the complexity of the climate system, the difficulty of placing a monetary value on environmental services, the long time horizon over which climate change occurs, and the unprecedented amount of carbon ...
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... HadGEM2-ES) together with a crop model (i.e. LPJmL) under the RCP 4.5 scenario projections. Our results indicate that as would be expected, including the climate change induced yield shocks does reduce the potential for forest carbon sequestration. They also show that the adverse economic impacts o ...
... HadGEM2-ES) together with a crop model (i.e. LPJmL) under the RCP 4.5 scenario projections. Our results indicate that as would be expected, including the climate change induced yield shocks does reduce the potential for forest carbon sequestration. They also show that the adverse economic impacts o ...
Burden Sharing and Fairness Principles in International
... so, what are they? Second, could these principles serve as useful keys to distributing commitments among parties in future climate policy negotiations? Scholarly interest in the relationship of fairness principles to burden sharing formulas is based on two basic assumptions. One assumption is that t ...
... so, what are they? Second, could these principles serve as useful keys to distributing commitments among parties in future climate policy negotiations? Scholarly interest in the relationship of fairness principles to burden sharing formulas is based on two basic assumptions. One assumption is that t ...
Border adjustments under unilateral carbon pricing: the case of Australian carbon tax
... leakage has been used by opponents to undermine the carbon pricing strategy in Australia. Similar reasoning was also used in defence of postponing the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Australian governments. Determining the extent and nature of competitive disadvantage and potential carbon leak ...
... leakage has been used by opponents to undermine the carbon pricing strategy in Australia. Similar reasoning was also used in defence of postponing the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Australian governments. Determining the extent and nature of competitive disadvantage and potential carbon leak ...
From Mars and Venus Down to Earth: Understanding the
... by 2008-2012. By 2001, Irish greenhouse emissions had already increased 31% above the 1990 base line. Austria had an emissions reduction target of 13%, but its emissions in 2001 were 10% higher than 1990 levels.18 For the ten countries not on track to meet Kyoto, emissions are up 14.4% from 1990 lev ...
... by 2008-2012. By 2001, Irish greenhouse emissions had already increased 31% above the 1990 base line. Austria had an emissions reduction target of 13%, but its emissions in 2001 were 10% higher than 1990 levels.18 For the ten countries not on track to meet Kyoto, emissions are up 14.4% from 1990 lev ...
2. Taking stock of the recommendations of the 2005 Communication
... levels. To meet this objective, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have to remain well below 550 parts per million volume (ppmv) CO2 equivalent, requiring global emission reductions of at least 15 % but perhaps as much as 50 % by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Industrialised countries wou ...
... levels. To meet this objective, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have to remain well below 550 parts per million volume (ppmv) CO2 equivalent, requiring global emission reductions of at least 15 % but perhaps as much as 50 % by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Industrialised countries wou ...
Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth
... (Wagner and Weitzman 2015). To avoid the risk of dangerous and irreversible climate change, the consensus view is that the global average temperature should not rise above pre-industrial temperatures by more than 2oC (Edenhofer et al. 2013). This consensus view which has recently been endorsed by 19 ...
... (Wagner and Weitzman 2015). To avoid the risk of dangerous and irreversible climate change, the consensus view is that the global average temperature should not rise above pre-industrial temperatures by more than 2oC (Edenhofer et al. 2013). This consensus view which has recently been endorsed by 19 ...
The Case for a Carbon Tax in Canada
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
Gains from (Cap and) Trade
... markets, as a policy tool, must be seen as part of the larger strategies that each jurisdiction will employ to reduce carbon emissions. For example, California expects that only 15% of its emission reductions will be reached through the cap-and-trade systems specifically, while the remaining emissio ...
... markets, as a policy tool, must be seen as part of the larger strategies that each jurisdiction will employ to reduce carbon emissions. For example, California expects that only 15% of its emission reductions will be reached through the cap-and-trade systems specifically, while the remaining emissio ...
Questions for discussion ETS shelved What does the BtN story
... e) Reduce the amount of carbon dioxide polluting the atmosphere f) Help companies get carbon credits g) Raise public awareness about climate change h) Tax people for using too much water 16. How does the ETS work? e) Turning off the electricity when people have used too much f) By charging companies ...
... e) Reduce the amount of carbon dioxide polluting the atmosphere f) Help companies get carbon credits g) Raise public awareness about climate change h) Tax people for using too much water 16. How does the ETS work? e) Turning off the electricity when people have used too much f) By charging companies ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
THE DURBAN PLATFORM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR A 2015 AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL
... themselves may outweigh their desire to bind others. In that case, there may not be any negotiable agreement that the participating states think will make them each better off. In the absence of such a “contract zone,” the contractual approach to international agreements is not feasible. An alternat ...
... themselves may outweigh their desire to bind others. In that case, there may not be any negotiable agreement that the participating states think will make them each better off. In the absence of such a “contract zone,” the contractual approach to international agreements is not feasible. An alternat ...
Dubuque, Iowa Greenhouse Gas Inventory
... 5.1. The Greenhouse Effect ............................................................................................ 19 5.2. Current Climate Change .......................................................................................... 20 5.3. Global Consequences of Climate Change ............ ...
... 5.1. The Greenhouse Effect ............................................................................................ 19 5.2. Current Climate Change .......................................................................................... 20 5.3. Global Consequences of Climate Change ............ ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... Matthew Tokson for superb research assistance, and to Frank Ackerman for excellent suggestions about the economic literature on climate change. A version of this Article was originally published at 31 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1 (2007), and is reprinted with permission. 1. See Andrew Dessler & Edward Par ...
... Matthew Tokson for superb research assistance, and to Frank Ackerman for excellent suggestions about the economic literature on climate change. A version of this Article was originally published at 31 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1 (2007), and is reprinted with permission. 1. See Andrew Dessler & Edward Par ...
Features of the Prototype Nations Climate Model
... Dr. Bill Moomaw, The Fletcher School, Tufts University Director of the Center for International Environment & Resource Policy Lead author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2003 (IPCC) ...
... Dr. Bill Moomaw, The Fletcher School, Tufts University Director of the Center for International Environment & Resource Policy Lead author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2003 (IPCC) ...
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... The adaptability of Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling has led to a range of climate change studies with varying focal points and objectives. These ‘top-down’ representations can be employed to quantify the direct and indirect impacts (i.e., prices, outputs, costs) of climate change poli ...
... The adaptability of Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling has led to a range of climate change studies with varying focal points and objectives. These ‘top-down’ representations can be employed to quantify the direct and indirect impacts (i.e., prices, outputs, costs) of climate change poli ...
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... desirable to apply to a future greenhouse gas trading program. For example, experience with the SO2 trading program has shown significant benefits from the temporal flexibility provided by banking provisions (Burtraw and Palmer 2004, Stavins 2003, Ellerman et al. 2000).3 Second, analysts have noted ...
... desirable to apply to a future greenhouse gas trading program. For example, experience with the SO2 trading program has shown significant benefits from the temporal flexibility provided by banking provisions (Burtraw and Palmer 2004, Stavins 2003, Ellerman et al. 2000).3 Second, analysts have noted ...
The complexity of climate change mechanisms
... have been taken on concerted actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ...
... have been taken on concerted actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ...
Project Presentation - Worldwide Universities Network
... • Substantive progress in understanding the complex interelated climate systems active in the Arctic will require a breadth and depth of resources not present in a single country let alone a single university •Geographical and historical interests mean that expertise, data and infrastructure is dist ...
... • Substantive progress in understanding the complex interelated climate systems active in the Arctic will require a breadth and depth of resources not present in a single country let alone a single university •Geographical and historical interests mean that expertise, data and infrastructure is dist ...
Population, Wealth, and Climate Change
... growth and greenhouse gas emissions. A consideration of the likely important effect of the size and growth of the global population on other environmental problems, including for example soil erosion and desertification, is outside the scope of this review. We review the evidence that the main under ...
... growth and greenhouse gas emissions. A consideration of the likely important effect of the size and growth of the global population on other environmental problems, including for example soil erosion and desertification, is outside the scope of this review. We review the evidence that the main under ...
implications of long-term scenarios for medium
... absorbed by the Earth and the energy radiated back to space. Radiative forcing is expressed as W/m2. This forcing can also be expressed in terms of CO2eq concentration levels in the atmosphere measured in parts per million (ppm) CO2eq (which expresses the equivalent level of CO2 alone that would pro ...
... absorbed by the Earth and the energy radiated back to space. Radiative forcing is expressed as W/m2. This forcing can also be expressed in terms of CO2eq concentration levels in the atmosphere measured in parts per million (ppm) CO2eq (which expresses the equivalent level of CO2 alone that would pro ...
Climate change in New Zealand
Climate change in New Zealand refers to change in the climate of New Zealand on the scale of years, decades, centuries and longer periods of time. In the sense of anthropogenic global warming during the 20th century, it is apparent in the instrumental temperature record, in New Zealand's participation in international treaties, and in social and political debates. Climate change is being responded to in a variety of ways by civil society and the government of New Zealand.An emissions trading scheme has been established and from 1 July 2010, the energy and liquid fossil fuel sectors have obligations to report emissions and to obtain and surrender emissions units (carbon credits).