More than Meets the Eye: The Social Cost of Carbon in U.S. Climate
... • a household’s use of electricity every six weeks; • a microwave oven in typical use for seven years or a refrigerator for 15 months. These are only a small sampling of the vast array of human activities that contribute to GHG emissions. Given their ubiquitous nature, efforts to reduce GHG emissi ...
... • a household’s use of electricity every six weeks; • a microwave oven in typical use for seven years or a refrigerator for 15 months. These are only a small sampling of the vast array of human activities that contribute to GHG emissions. Given their ubiquitous nature, efforts to reduce GHG emissi ...
Greenhouse effect: Who has the answers?
... the media. Some very well-known and credible scientists have created excellent computer models that give quite a different picture. These include climate scientists such as Dr. Robert Goodenough from the Sir Walter Brown Centre for Climatology or Dr. William Salt, an economist at the Future Bank. Th ...
... the media. Some very well-known and credible scientists have created excellent computer models that give quite a different picture. These include climate scientists such as Dr. Robert Goodenough from the Sir Walter Brown Centre for Climatology or Dr. William Salt, an economist at the Future Bank. Th ...
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground
... towards a decarbonised society. This report describes an approach - the carbon budget – to track progress against this goal. The carbon budget is a simple, scientifically-based method to determine how much carbon humanity can “spend”. The higher the probability of meeting the warming limit, the more ...
... towards a decarbonised society. This report describes an approach - the carbon budget – to track progress against this goal. The carbon budget is a simple, scientifically-based method to determine how much carbon humanity can “spend”. The higher the probability of meeting the warming limit, the more ...
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... The tangible impacts are dead-weight losses to the economy. Consumption and investment are reduced without changing the savings rate. As a result, climate change reduces long-term economic growth, although consumption is particularly affected in the short-term. Economic growth is also reduced by car ...
... The tangible impacts are dead-weight losses to the economy. Consumption and investment are reduced without changing the savings rate. As a result, climate change reduces long-term economic growth, although consumption is particularly affected in the short-term. Economic growth is also reduced by car ...
First Report - Climate Change Advisory Council
... This transformation is required in Ireland and globally to avoid the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts of climate change, the risk of which increase as the global temperature increases. The impacts of a global temperature increase of 4°C or more are projected to include substa ...
... This transformation is required in Ireland and globally to avoid the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts of climate change, the risk of which increase as the global temperature increases. The impacts of a global temperature increase of 4°C or more are projected to include substa ...
GPI Atlantic National Round Table on the Environment and
... • CBS outstanding GNH indicator work of past four years lays necessary ground • But is it enough to make GNH “more important than” GDP (4th King’s instruction)? ...
... • CBS outstanding GNH indicator work of past four years lays necessary ground • But is it enough to make GNH “more important than” GDP (4th King’s instruction)? ...
AKEBE LEONARD AKOH INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUS- TAINABILITY.
... issues of growing concern confronting life on Earth and also Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Information Technology is one of the widest field of studies that exist, it ranges from creating software, robotics, chemicals, and destructive substance to normal sharing of information. Al ...
... issues of growing concern confronting life on Earth and also Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Information Technology is one of the widest field of studies that exist, it ranges from creating software, robotics, chemicals, and destructive substance to normal sharing of information. Al ...
mid_atlantic_rdtble_nov_08_dft_02
... • Greenhouse Gases (CO2 and others): global warming, causing climate change. – Primarily from fossil fuel consumption. ...
... • Greenhouse Gases (CO2 and others): global warming, causing climate change. – Primarily from fossil fuel consumption. ...
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... Finally, climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme weather events, including cyclones and severe droughts. In summary, climate change will increase average flows of water but the most important effect will be to increase the variability of flows over both space and time. Areas t ...
... Finally, climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme weather events, including cyclones and severe droughts. In summary, climate change will increase average flows of water but the most important effect will be to increase the variability of flows over both space and time. Areas t ...
Carbon Sequestration in Wetlands - Minnesota Board of Water and
... suggests the opposite, that it is the continually-flooded parts of a wet marsh system that store the most carbon. 5 Overall, research studies agree that carbon storage is enhanced in wet systems. 6 Also, evidence suggests more carbon is sequestered by a richer mix of native species. Species-rich eco ...
... suggests the opposite, that it is the continually-flooded parts of a wet marsh system that store the most carbon. 5 Overall, research studies agree that carbon storage is enhanced in wet systems. 6 Also, evidence suggests more carbon is sequestered by a richer mix of native species. Species-rich eco ...
from the editors climate change and management
... Part of any response to climate change will involve a shift in the mix of energy sources that underpin our economy. Fossil fuels— currently around 80% of global primary energy demand— will increasingly be replaced by low-carbon sources. According to the IPCC, renewable energy accounted for just over ...
... Part of any response to climate change will involve a shift in the mix of energy sources that underpin our economy. Fossil fuels— currently around 80% of global primary energy demand— will increasingly be replaced by low-carbon sources. According to the IPCC, renewable energy accounted for just over ...
The two limits debates: "Limits to Growth" and climate change
... model results are more or less accurate predictions of the future. The two debates also demonstrate important differences. In the case of the LtG debate, there was little or no institutionalization of policy recommendations. The discourse was restricted to an activity of a relatively small group of ...
... model results are more or less accurate predictions of the future. The two debates also demonstrate important differences. In the case of the LtG debate, there was little or no institutionalization of policy recommendations. The discourse was restricted to an activity of a relatively small group of ...
SPD- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Adopted October
... developers to consider the following elements in their site planning. Wherever possible, taking into account the context of the site and its surroundings buildings should be positioned to make sure that the principal rooms face south to benefit from solar gain. Within 30 degrees of south is the idea ...
... developers to consider the following elements in their site planning. Wherever possible, taking into account the context of the site and its surroundings buildings should be positioned to make sure that the principal rooms face south to benefit from solar gain. Within 30 degrees of south is the idea ...
Social Costs of Greenhouse Gases
... economists to measure the value of money over time—the tradeoff between what a dollar is worth today and what a dollar would be worth in the future.17 Higher discount rates result in a lower SCC; if future climate damages are discounted at a high rate, we would be placing less value on avoiding thos ...
... economists to measure the value of money over time—the tradeoff between what a dollar is worth today and what a dollar would be worth in the future.17 Higher discount rates result in a lower SCC; if future climate damages are discounted at a high rate, we would be placing less value on avoiding thos ...
Comments on target - Ministry for the Environment
... impacting the competitiveness of New Zealand businesses, which could result in businesses moving offshore with potentially more emissions intensive practices (also known as “carbon leakage”); and to ensure we take on a similar level of cost to other countries. Other reasons included the small size o ...
... impacting the competitiveness of New Zealand businesses, which could result in businesses moving offshore with potentially more emissions intensive practices (also known as “carbon leakage”); and to ensure we take on a similar level of cost to other countries. Other reasons included the small size o ...
Introduction - Carbon Mitigation Initiative
... • Growth in forests in the north-central US has slightly but significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides ...
... • Growth in forests in the north-central US has slightly but significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides ...
Forests, Agriculture, and Climate: Economics and
... cycle has been upset. Atmospheric carbon emissions by humans, together with other greenhouse gases such as methane, exceed the earth‟s capacity to store carbon in forests, oceans and living and dead biomass. The solution to the problem must lie in reducing human-created carbon emissions, increasing ...
... cycle has been upset. Atmospheric carbon emissions by humans, together with other greenhouse gases such as methane, exceed the earth‟s capacity to store carbon in forests, oceans and living and dead biomass. The solution to the problem must lie in reducing human-created carbon emissions, increasing ...
Samford Spending DA Ups
... $4 trillion through 2020, and put the debt on a stable and declining path through at least 2035. The recommendations were quite comprehensive, hitting nearly every area of the budget. This approach was necessary not only to match the ...
... $4 trillion through 2020, and put the debt on a stable and declining path through at least 2035. The recommendations were quite comprehensive, hitting nearly every area of the budget. This approach was necessary not only to match the ...
Chapter 1: Overview
... Like the glass walls of a greenhouse, certain gases trap heat. How do they do this? Shortwave radiation from the sun passes through the earth’s atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface, thereby warming it. Some of this absorbed energy is reradiated back toward space in a different form: as infrared ...
... Like the glass walls of a greenhouse, certain gases trap heat. How do they do this? Shortwave radiation from the sun passes through the earth’s atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface, thereby warming it. Some of this absorbed energy is reradiated back toward space in a different form: as infrared ...
Border adjustments under unilateral carbon pricing: the case of Australian carbon tax
... competitors. This is known as the ‘short-term competitiveness channel’. Second, stringent climate policy at home may reduce returns on investment and hence industries may relocate to countries where less stringent emissions control exists with higher returns. This is the investment channel of carbon ...
... competitors. This is known as the ‘short-term competitiveness channel’. Second, stringent climate policy at home may reduce returns on investment and hence industries may relocate to countries where less stringent emissions control exists with higher returns. This is the investment channel of carbon ...
The Republic of China (Taiwan) Bids for
... Taiwan Climate Change Projection and Information Platform Project (TCCIP) by carrying out a series of studies on local climate patterns. These efforts, as well as the completion of Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report 2011, demonstrate that Taiwan is ready and willing to participate in the IP ...
... Taiwan Climate Change Projection and Information Platform Project (TCCIP) by carrying out a series of studies on local climate patterns. These efforts, as well as the completion of Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report 2011, demonstrate that Taiwan is ready and willing to participate in the IP ...
The Republic of China (Taiwan) Bids for
... Taiwan Climate Change Projection and Information Platform Project (TCCIP) by carrying out a series of studies on local climate patterns. These efforts, as well as the completion of Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report 2011, demonstrate that Taiwan is ready and willing to participate in the IP ...
... Taiwan Climate Change Projection and Information Platform Project (TCCIP) by carrying out a series of studies on local climate patterns. These efforts, as well as the completion of Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report 2011, demonstrate that Taiwan is ready and willing to participate in the IP ...
12 International climate change agreements What is covered in this chapter?
... the Congress about the need for and the value of the Kyoto Protocol. They never formally asked the Senate for ratification. When the Bush administration took office in January 2001, international negotiations on the details of the Kyoto Protocol were still going on and the newly appointed officials ...
... the Congress about the need for and the value of the Kyoto Protocol. They never formally asked the Senate for ratification. When the Bush administration took office in January 2001, international negotiations on the details of the Kyoto Protocol were still going on and the newly appointed officials ...
Building up for Paris - Green European Foundation
... which do not allow adequate adaptation. The stakes are very high for the Conference in Paris, because as a result it must the first time have an international binding climate agreement for limiting global warming to below 2°C, since with every degree above that the impacts of climate change become i ...
... which do not allow adequate adaptation. The stakes are very high for the Conference in Paris, because as a result it must the first time have an international binding climate agreement for limiting global warming to below 2°C, since with every degree above that the impacts of climate change become i ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.