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... We assume that avoiding dangerous climate change and addressing the issue of responsibility and equity in CO2 emissions are the two fundamental pillars on which comprehensive climate change legislation will be based (Stern 2009). Henceforth, we refer to these two as “safety” and “fairness”. The exte ...
... We assume that avoiding dangerous climate change and addressing the issue of responsibility and equity in CO2 emissions are the two fundamental pillars on which comprehensive climate change legislation will be based (Stern 2009). Henceforth, we refer to these two as “safety” and “fairness”. The exte ...
The Kyoto Protocol: A Review and Perspectives
... policy-makers to adjust their decisions according to better information obtained in the future. The Protocol constitutes the first international environmental agreement that builds on market based instruments to determine cost-efficient responses to the undisputed need for GHG abatement. Last but no ...
... policy-makers to adjust their decisions according to better information obtained in the future. The Protocol constitutes the first international environmental agreement that builds on market based instruments to determine cost-efficient responses to the undisputed need for GHG abatement. Last but no ...
Enabling Agriculture to Contribute to Climate Change
... change adaptation and key co-benefits of relevance to sustainable development. As emissions from agriculture are concentrated in developing countries, mitigation options that can contribute to food security, poverty reduction and resilience of agro-ecosystems are of crucial importance to sustainable ...
... change adaptation and key co-benefits of relevance to sustainable development. As emissions from agriculture are concentrated in developing countries, mitigation options that can contribute to food security, poverty reduction and resilience of agro-ecosystems are of crucial importance to sustainable ...
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... the ETS also shields it from abatement policy, the equivalent of providing it with 100% free and uncapped permits, a disincentive for early abatement of agricultural emissions. While outside the scope of this short essay, agriculture’s proposed inclusion in the ETS also has international implication ...
... the ETS also shields it from abatement policy, the equivalent of providing it with 100% free and uncapped permits, a disincentive for early abatement of agricultural emissions. While outside the scope of this short essay, agriculture’s proposed inclusion in the ETS also has international implication ...
Shale Gas and Fracking - The Church of England
... production and distribution, as well as changes in individual homes (similar to the transitions during the 1950’s to 70’s from coal, to ‘town’ gas, to natural gas). Options for cutting carbon emissions from heating would include increasing the amount of bio-gas or hydrogen in the mix of gas that c ...
... production and distribution, as well as changes in individual homes (similar to the transitions during the 1950’s to 70’s from coal, to ‘town’ gas, to natural gas). Options for cutting carbon emissions from heating would include increasing the amount of bio-gas or hydrogen in the mix of gas that c ...
The Obama Administration`s Clean Air Act Legacy and the UNFCC
... legislation would be imminently forthcoming in his first term after the House of Representatives passed a comprehensive climate bill; but it did not pass in the Senate.16 In 2009, on the international stage, President Obama pledged the U.S. would cut GHG emissions by 17 percent below 2005 levels by ...
... legislation would be imminently forthcoming in his first term after the House of Representatives passed a comprehensive climate bill; but it did not pass in the Senate.16 In 2009, on the international stage, President Obama pledged the U.S. would cut GHG emissions by 17 percent below 2005 levels by ...
Country Report: Greece
... government as a review to the second economic adjustment programme. Other important reform targets are, for instance, electricity pricing and the adoption of smart meter technology (European Commission 2012). ...
... government as a review to the second economic adjustment programme. Other important reform targets are, for instance, electricity pricing and the adoption of smart meter technology (European Commission 2012). ...
Introduction. Climate change and urban areas: research dialogue in
... The paper by Pope et al. (2007) from the Hadley Centre, Met Office (UK) reviews these three major directions of modelling improvement: increased resolution and complexity, and better characterization of uncertainties. The latest Hadley Centre model HadGEN1, which is a major improvement on the HadCM3 ...
... The paper by Pope et al. (2007) from the Hadley Centre, Met Office (UK) reviews these three major directions of modelling improvement: increased resolution and complexity, and better characterization of uncertainties. The latest Hadley Centre model HadGEN1, which is a major improvement on the HadCM3 ...
Economic Globalization, Global energy issues and Climate Change
... the transition towards low-oil and low-carbon development patterns. Indeed, as stated in Waisman et al. (2014), (i) oil markets are internationally integrated so that oil prices and quantities depend on the interaction between supply and demand at the world level 2, (ii) climate impacts result from ...
... the transition towards low-oil and low-carbon development patterns. Indeed, as stated in Waisman et al. (2014), (i) oil markets are internationally integrated so that oil prices and quantities depend on the interaction between supply and demand at the world level 2, (ii) climate impacts result from ...
presentation
... Ongoing role in UNFCCC process Promoting the role of ICTs in reducing GHGs Providing technical assistance to developing countries Innovation and the transfer and dissemination of technologies, including ICTs, is key to both mitigation and adaptation. Standards are essential for the wide ad ...
... Ongoing role in UNFCCC process Promoting the role of ICTs in reducing GHGs Providing technical assistance to developing countries Innovation and the transfer and dissemination of technologies, including ICTs, is key to both mitigation and adaptation. Standards are essential for the wide ad ...
the whole inaugural address as pdf
... maintaining the quality of nature? Water plays an important part in this, too. Finally, there is the question of how this can be combined with various other sustainability issues; for example, surrounding nitrogen, as well as important aspirations related to human development in the area of healthc ...
... maintaining the quality of nature? Water plays an important part in this, too. Finally, there is the question of how this can be combined with various other sustainability issues; for example, surrounding nitrogen, as well as important aspirations related to human development in the area of healthc ...
Climate Change - DANJ: Documents Association of New Jersey
... 4, 2009. At this conference, proposed a Global Framework for Climate Services to coordinate international climate monitoring. • Participates in the World Climate Research Programme. Formed in 1979 at the first World Climate Conf. • Publishes annually "WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climat ...
... 4, 2009. At this conference, proposed a Global Framework for Climate Services to coordinate international climate monitoring. • Participates in the World Climate Research Programme. Formed in 1979 at the first World Climate Conf. • Publishes annually "WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climat ...
Executive Summary -- Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk
... much hotter and perhaps drier later this century than even from 1999 to 2003. And if these emissions remain high, temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low fu ...
... much hotter and perhaps drier later this century than even from 1999 to 2003. And if these emissions remain high, temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low fu ...
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... equilibrium measure, so the estimated change in temperature will not take place immediately. On the other hand, under business as usual, there is no reason to expect that CO2 concentrations will stabilise at twice the pre-industrial level. A variety of estimates of climate sensitivity have been pres ...
... equilibrium measure, so the estimated change in temperature will not take place immediately. On the other hand, under business as usual, there is no reason to expect that CO2 concentrations will stabilise at twice the pre-industrial level. A variety of estimates of climate sensitivity have been pres ...
Powering the Future: Biofuels
... from biomass heat and electricity by 2020. • To meet the European Renewable Energy Directive, the UK is aiming for 10% of transport energy to be from renewable sources by 2020. • UK feedstocks made up 18% of the sustainable renewable road transport fuel used in the UK between April 2012 and April 20 ...
... from biomass heat and electricity by 2020. • To meet the European Renewable Energy Directive, the UK is aiming for 10% of transport energy to be from renewable sources by 2020. • UK feedstocks made up 18% of the sustainable renewable road transport fuel used in the UK between April 2012 and April 20 ...
Global Climate Change: Science and Economics
... acts as a barrier to the escape of heat. Thus plants that require warm weather can be grown in cold climates. The global greenhouse effect, in which the earth’s atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse, was first described by French scientist Jean Baptiste Fourier in 1824. Clouds, water vapor, ...
... acts as a barrier to the escape of heat. Thus plants that require warm weather can be grown in cold climates. The global greenhouse effect, in which the earth’s atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse, was first described by French scientist Jean Baptiste Fourier in 1824. Clouds, water vapor, ...
Aalborg Universitet The 7 Aarhus Statements on Climate Change
... Biodiversity and in particular forests also constitute a major part of the solution to the climate change problem [13, 14]. Notably, forest conservation including Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) represents a major and cost-effective climate change mitigation opportunity [ ...
... Biodiversity and in particular forests also constitute a major part of the solution to the climate change problem [13, 14]. Notably, forest conservation including Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) represents a major and cost-effective climate change mitigation opportunity [ ...
1 Carbon management and scenario planning at landscape scale
... emissions of greenhouse gases and by increasing storage of carbon in the earth system. The most successful mitigation strategy will be based on multiple approaches, using as many opportunities for emissions reduction and increased carbon storage as possible. In particular it is thought that there is ...
... emissions of greenhouse gases and by increasing storage of carbon in the earth system. The most successful mitigation strategy will be based on multiple approaches, using as many opportunities for emissions reduction and increased carbon storage as possible. In particular it is thought that there is ...
1 How do we know that climate change is happening?
... role in the story of modern climate change (or at least, not yet – see Chapter 2). The second most common greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide – CO2 for short. This is the one we really need to know about. Even though there’s less CO2 than water in the atmosphere, it’s still the most important greenhous ...
... role in the story of modern climate change (or at least, not yet – see Chapter 2). The second most common greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide – CO2 for short. This is the one we really need to know about. Even though there’s less CO2 than water in the atmosphere, it’s still the most important greenhous ...
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... compared to other, non-agricultural emission mitigation measures, if additional environmental and social impacts are taken into account. Zhao et al. (2003) in turn point out that attractiveness of emission mitigation practices, such as conservation tillage, depends on how society values ...
... compared to other, non-agricultural emission mitigation measures, if additional environmental and social impacts are taken into account. Zhao et al. (2003) in turn point out that attractiveness of emission mitigation practices, such as conservation tillage, depends on how society values ...
Download country chapter
... buildings through specific standards for insulation, restricting glazing areas, minimum ventilation rate, performance rate of Air Conditioning systems, restricting cooling power demand per unit area. It is estimated that by 2001 Kuwait achieved a power saving of KWD1.5 billion (USD 5.1 billion) from ...
... buildings through specific standards for insulation, restricting glazing areas, minimum ventilation rate, performance rate of Air Conditioning systems, restricting cooling power demand per unit area. It is estimated that by 2001 Kuwait achieved a power saving of KWD1.5 billion (USD 5.1 billion) from ...
Presidential Leadership on Climate Change: Opportunities and
... Ambassador Benedick was not only the lead U.S. negotiator of the Montreal Protocol; he was at the same time the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment (E-DAS) in the Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science (OES), a position that I once held so I am aware of its responsibilities. The E ...
... Ambassador Benedick was not only the lead U.S. negotiator of the Montreal Protocol; he was at the same time the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment (E-DAS) in the Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science (OES), a position that I once held so I am aware of its responsibilities. The E ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.