A Grand Bargain on Energy Subsidies
... again, mostly directed to fossil fuels. The countries of the Former Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe account for $US89 billion of consumer subsidies, or $US220 per capita.6 However, this is substantially below the size of energy support during the Soviet era, when energy prices were as low as 10 p ...
... again, mostly directed to fossil fuels. The countries of the Former Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe account for $US89 billion of consumer subsidies, or $US220 per capita.6 However, this is substantially below the size of energy support during the Soviet era, when energy prices were as low as 10 p ...
Full project description
... the annual C footprint of AMC’s operations, or 4 to 5 times if both operations and visitor travel is included. While a crude estimate, it provides an indication of the size of potential forest carbon sequestration relative to AMC’s carbon footprint. A more refined estimate for the KIW property is no ...
... the annual C footprint of AMC’s operations, or 4 to 5 times if both operations and visitor travel is included. While a crude estimate, it provides an indication of the size of potential forest carbon sequestration relative to AMC’s carbon footprint. A more refined estimate for the KIW property is no ...
Climate change - Time to act
... The global energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy must succeed. It is equally clear that the global climate goals can only be achieved if there is a global transition as regards transport, with new approaches to mobility and urban development being pursued. Forest protect ...
... The global energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy must succeed. It is equally clear that the global climate goals can only be achieved if there is a global transition as regards transport, with new approaches to mobility and urban development being pursued. Forest protect ...
GEF activities and some issues related to CDM Capacity
... substances that are difficult to be decomposed. ...
... substances that are difficult to be decomposed. ...
What is a Tonne? - CarbonSolutions
... Yes, A ton IS 2,000 lbs! This contrasts with a tonne, which is defined in metric terms of 1,000 kg or 2,204.6 lbs. ...
... Yes, A ton IS 2,000 lbs! This contrasts with a tonne, which is defined in metric terms of 1,000 kg or 2,204.6 lbs. ...
Proceedings WARMING UP SEMINAR
... Emissions from fossil fuel combustion are growing faster than GDP – even faster than energy use, implying both inefficiency and a shift to more carbon intensive fuels. Emissions from oil are currently the largest fossil fuel contributor, but emissions from use of coal have been the fastest growing ...
... Emissions from fossil fuel combustion are growing faster than GDP – even faster than energy use, implying both inefficiency and a shift to more carbon intensive fuels. Emissions from oil are currently the largest fossil fuel contributor, but emissions from use of coal have been the fastest growing ...
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative
... to emissions and the response of the actual system the model is intended to describe. This constitutes an additional uncertainty, termed the model or response uncertainty. Well-defined metrics that summarize the Earth system response to a given forcing by a single or a few values are useful in many ...
... to emissions and the response of the actual system the model is intended to describe. This constitutes an additional uncertainty, termed the model or response uncertainty. Well-defined metrics that summarize the Earth system response to a given forcing by a single or a few values are useful in many ...
From Kyoto to Copenhagen - Law, Environment and Development
... could therefore mean leaving many developed countries out, as most of them might be unwilling to support a regime that is not cost saving or flexible. Similarly, because of the nature of GHG emissions, reduction achieved by a developed country through investments in a developing country is as good a ...
... could therefore mean leaving many developed countries out, as most of them might be unwilling to support a regime that is not cost saving or flexible. Similarly, because of the nature of GHG emissions, reduction achieved by a developed country through investments in a developing country is as good a ...
South Africa`s climate change technology needs assessment 2007
... South Africa ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in August 1997. The primary objective of this multilateral agreement is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic ...
... South Africa ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in August 1997. The primary objective of this multilateral agreement is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic ...
ZERO CARBON EVOLUTION Getting on track to a carbon neutral
... The scientific evidence is now undeniable: human activities are increasing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere which is changing our climate and warming the planet. Per person, Victorians are among the highest greenhouse gas emitters in the world. Most nations across the globe, including Austral ...
... The scientific evidence is now undeniable: human activities are increasing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere which is changing our climate and warming the planet. Per person, Victorians are among the highest greenhouse gas emitters in the world. Most nations across the globe, including Austral ...
F_Green_Nationally_Self_Interested_Climate_Change_Mitigation (opens in new window)
... carries an economic cost, but the benefits (in the form of reduced damages from climate change) are spread around the world … [the] public good characteristics of climate protection (non-excludability and non-rivalry) create incentives for actors to ‘free ride’ on other actors’ investments in mitiga ...
... carries an economic cost, but the benefits (in the form of reduced damages from climate change) are spread around the world … [the] public good characteristics of climate protection (non-excludability and non-rivalry) create incentives for actors to ‘free ride’ on other actors’ investments in mitiga ...
Climate Change Politics and Policy
... that most of us indulge ourselves with snippets of instantly-discovered information, but put off doing real research using vetted, peer-reviewed or otherwise well-chosen sources that often reside in library databases. The temptation to do a quick search online is like the challenge to public health ...
... that most of us indulge ourselves with snippets of instantly-discovered information, but put off doing real research using vetted, peer-reviewed or otherwise well-chosen sources that often reside in library databases. The temptation to do a quick search online is like the challenge to public health ...
Quantifying Albedo and Surface Temperature
... difference of sensible heat fluxes between pine forests and grasslands was much greater than the difference of latent heat fluxes. The soil moisture of each site helped determine the amount of water which was available for transpiration, thereby affecting how much energy was available during the se ...
... difference of sensible heat fluxes between pine forests and grasslands was much greater than the difference of latent heat fluxes. The soil moisture of each site helped determine the amount of water which was available for transpiration, thereby affecting how much energy was available during the se ...
EPA Research - 2016 Call EPA Research –Climate Research Call 2016
... Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (UNFCCC), Ireland makes an annual report on greenhouse gas emissions related to land management. Land use in Ireland is changing and this can have an important impact on the landscape and the carbon stocks within the landscape. Previou ...
... Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (UNFCCC), Ireland makes an annual report on greenhouse gas emissions related to land management. Land use in Ireland is changing and this can have an important impact on the landscape and the carbon stocks within the landscape. Previou ...
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON REPORTING GREENHOUSE GAS
... Section 4). Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from biomass-related sources must be ...
... Section 4). Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from biomass-related sources must be ...
PDF
... Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is growing the fastest among all ...
... Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is growing the fastest among all ...
It is beyond cavil that climate change poses grave and irreversible
... In 2009 the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) issued an important report: Sharing the effort under a global carbon budget.29 WWF proposes three trajectories to come to grips with climate change. One of our core principles aligns with the WWF’s contraction and convergence submission. The WWF suggests the fol ...
... In 2009 the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) issued an important report: Sharing the effort under a global carbon budget.29 WWF proposes three trajectories to come to grips with climate change. One of our core principles aligns with the WWF’s contraction and convergence submission. The WWF suggests the fol ...
Nitrogen deposition
... • Look at the evolution of nitrogen deposition on the terrestrial biosphere during the 21st century • Look at the impact on the carbon uptake • Force the climate model with the updated CO2 forcing ...
... • Look at the evolution of nitrogen deposition on the terrestrial biosphere during the 21st century • Look at the impact on the carbon uptake • Force the climate model with the updated CO2 forcing ...
Why Maintaining Tropical Forests Is Essential and Urgent for a Stable Climate
... Forests, climate, climate change, and climate change mitigation are inextricably linked. Natural systems cycle enormous amounts of carbon and, if treated appropriately, could be utilized to remove anthropogenic emissions from the atmosphere. On land, annual carbon fluxes are dominated by forests, wh ...
... Forests, climate, climate change, and climate change mitigation are inextricably linked. Natural systems cycle enormous amounts of carbon and, if treated appropriately, could be utilized to remove anthropogenic emissions from the atmosphere. On land, annual carbon fluxes are dominated by forests, wh ...
Alberta Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
... mining, primary metal manufacturing, waste treatment and disposal, natural gas distribution, food manufacturing, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Stationary fuel combustion accounted for 83.2 per cent of Alberta’s reported emissions. The remainder of the emissions were attributed to industrial proce ...
... mining, primary metal manufacturing, waste treatment and disposal, natural gas distribution, food manufacturing, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Stationary fuel combustion accounted for 83.2 per cent of Alberta’s reported emissions. The remainder of the emissions were attributed to industrial proce ...
Tradable Carbon Permit Auctions: How and Why to Auction Not Grandfather
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, believes that the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate (IPCC, 1996). At the Climate Change Summit in Kyoto in December 1997, a large group of developed countries agreed to restrict their carbon em ...
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, believes that the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate (IPCC, 1996). At the Climate Change Summit in Kyoto in December 1997, a large group of developed countries agreed to restrict their carbon em ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.