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Click to - MMR-EIS
Click to - MMR-EIS

... • Switching to less carbon-intensive industrial fuels such as natural gas • The efficient use of biomass in steam and gas turbine •(E.g. Use Pulp of new technologies and mechanisms to andefficient paper, forest products and some agricultural reduce fuel useasand time consumed to produce 1 unit of in ...
the paris agreement
the paris agreement

... keep warming well below 2°C, the Paris Agreement establishes a global goal of strengthening resilience to climate change.24 It encourages countries to assess climate vulnerabilities and impacts and to formulate Three quarters of suppliers recently national adaptation plans to build resilience. Nearl ...
Climate Change
Climate Change

... A change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time (i.e. several decades to millions of years).  Changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, or other effects.  Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as E ...
2013
2013

... Greenhouse glass allows short wavelength radiation from the sun to transmit through. It reflects most of the long wavelength radiation emitted by everything inside the greenhouse, trapping heat inside. Greenhouse gases have this same effect, causing our world to be warm. ...
Global_Temperature_Change_in_the_21st_Century
Global_Temperature_Change_in_the_21st_Century

... Human industrial activity, use of fossil fuels, and land use changes have been leading to increasing emissions and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (Figure 1). Greenhouse gases are ones that allow electromagnetic radiation (light) at the wavelengths emitted by ...
Dear President Obama and EPA Administrator McCarthy, We, the
Dear President Obama and EPA Administrator McCarthy, We, the

... First, the rule sets woefully inadequate targets. Climate scientists have long warned that immediate action to dramatically cut greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to prevent a global temperature rise of more than 2 °C, a level at which serious damage will still occur, and beyond which the worst i ...
CATF releases
CATF releases

... achieve its goal of reducing methane pollution from the oil and gas industry by 40-45 percent over the next decade without nationwide standards on oil and gas equipment in use today, according to new research released today by Clean Air Task Force. The research, entitled “Mind the Gap,” found that t ...
An introduction to climate change
An introduction to climate change

... dioxide in the atmosphere humans are carrying out a large-scale geophysical experiment”.  In 1998 global warming became front page news when NASA scientist James Hansen gave a presentation to the Senate during US heat waves.  In 1992 the world’s governments met at the Rio Earth Summit and agreed t ...
Climate change and Australia - The Australian Collaboration
Climate change and Australia - The Australian Collaboration

... human activity leading to increasing concentrations of so called ‘greenhouse gases’ in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas), methane, nitrous oxide, and several other artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Since pre-industri ...
Climate change and forests
Climate change and forests

... Phase 1 – the readiness phase focuses on the • development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, capacity building and demonstration activities. Phase 2 – Implementation phase focuses on • National policy reforms; intervention measures, as well as on demonstration activities ...
Executive summary - Environmental Defense Fund
Executive summary - Environmental Defense Fund

... first deadline in November 2014, which demonstrates that companies can comply with the program while incorporating cap-and-trade mechanisms into regular business practices. 4. California’s government leaders in the executive and legislative branches have maintained a steadfast commitment to the cap- ...
10584_2012_414_MOESM1_ESM
10584_2012_414_MOESM1_ESM

... The assessment of climate outcomes used the MAGICC model (version 4.1, Wigley and Raper, 2001) with an updated tuning as used in Lowe et al. (2009). The MAGICC model is a simple climate model; an upwelling diffusion energy-balance model connected to carbon and other gas cycle models, which can be tu ...
What is a Green City? • Implements renewable energy and green
What is a Green City? • Implements renewable energy and green

... ‡ Implements  renewable  energy  and  green   ...
Title
Title

... sustainable development and contribute to the MDGs Improve access to carbon finance to a broader range of developing countries and project types through creating effective carbon markets in low income countries Maximize the carbon development dividend through promoting a carbon portfolio that strike ...
Summary for Policy Makers - Apollo
Summary for Policy Makers - Apollo

Total, GDF-Suez et Photovoltech signent un accord de
Total, GDF-Suez et Photovoltech signent un accord de

... EIFER is a European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) created in 2001 by EDF and the University of Karlsruhe (now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT), located in Karlsruhe (Germany). The projects undertaken by this research institute, devoted to energy and the environment, are commissioned by Pu ...
Muller2012-TheConversionofaClimate-ChangeSkeptic-+
Muller2012-TheConversionofaClimate-ChangeSkeptic-+

... Elizabeth. Our results show that the average temperature of the earth’s land has risen by two and a half degrees Fahrenheit over the past 250 years, including an increase of one and a half degrees over the most recent 50 years. Moreover, it appears likely that essentially all of this increase result ...
impact of the kyoto protocol on the canadian economy answers from
impact of the kyoto protocol on the canadian economy answers from

... Bloc Québécois: "If we don’t take firm measures when we are still able to do so, no one can predict the magnitude of the consequences that can strike us. The Bloc Quebecois believes that abiding to the Kyoto Protocol will cost much less than the possible consequences of climate change, such as the i ...
Responsibility for a Feasible Climate Ambition Key Words: Climate
Responsibility for a Feasible Climate Ambition Key Words: Climate

... In  preparation  for  COP21,  Professors  of  Law  Alain  Supiot  and  Mireille  Delmas-­‐‑Martyi  of  the   Collége  de  France,    and  Pierre  Calame,  former  Director  of  the  Foundation  for  the  Progress  of   Humankind,  Paris,  1  collaborated    for  the  development  of  law  for  clima ...
Center for Biological Diversity v. County of San Bernardino
Center for Biological Diversity v. County of San Bernardino

... policies that reduce effects of land use on GHG emissions. – Deadline: next general plan update, or next housing element update after July 2009 ...
Why Zero Carbon? - Stephen Stretton
Why Zero Carbon? - Stephen Stretton

... ## For Aviation, Heavy Industry, Road Freight etc Also includes other unavoidable CO 2 emissions ...
A New Architecture for Domestic Climate Policy: Trading
A New Architecture for Domestic Climate Policy: Trading

... grounds for worry. – Electricity generators per se may not be the key. – It is energy users who need to change ...
A Blueprint for Climate Action in Agriculture
A Blueprint for Climate Action in Agriculture

... to implement their plans. While agricultural production is a significant source of emissions, agriculture itself can also serve as a force to mitigate greenhouse gases. Focusing on improving agricultural productivity is a vital first step in reducing agriculture’s overall environmental and GHG impac ...
Presentation slides
Presentation slides

... • Physical and human geography would be transformed. The planet has not seen such temperatures for 30 million years. Potential cause of migration of billions of people around the world and thus severe, extended and global conflict. • Potentially devastating consequences for India’s development and b ...
Nebojsa Nakicenovic, IIASA (Day 1)
Nebojsa Nakicenovic, IIASA (Day 1)

... achievable with right and sustained policies ...
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Climate change mitigation



Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.
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