Fifth National Report of the Government of the Federal
... Electricity generation and consumption........................................................ 43 Energy prices................................................................................................ 45 ...
... Electricity generation and consumption........................................................ 43 Energy prices................................................................................................ 45 ...
Norway`s Fifth National Communication under the Framework
... a concern of Norwegian policy since the late 1980s. Most sources of greenhouse gas emissions are currently addressed through economic measures (taxes, emissions trading) that put a price on emissions. Norway has advocated cost-effectiveness across emission sources, sinks, sectors and greenhouse gase ...
... a concern of Norwegian policy since the late 1980s. Most sources of greenhouse gas emissions are currently addressed through economic measures (taxes, emissions trading) that put a price on emissions. Norway has advocated cost-effectiveness across emission sources, sinks, sectors and greenhouse gase ...
2015 DOS GCCI Indicator Training
... The Department of State and USAID, drawing on technical expertise within both agencies and from within the development and security communities, have jointly developed standard indicators to measure what is being accomplished with foreign assistance. Standard foreign assistance indicators measure ou ...
... The Department of State and USAID, drawing on technical expertise within both agencies and from within the development and security communities, have jointly developed standard indicators to measure what is being accomplished with foreign assistance. Standard foreign assistance indicators measure ou ...
Discounting China`s CDM Dams
... has fueled further complaints about China’s status. For its part, China insists that its status as a developing country justifies the absence of international regulatory restrictions and that it has pursued an ambitious domestic program to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. China is unlikely to ag ...
... has fueled further complaints about China’s status. For its part, China insists that its status as a developing country justifies the absence of international regulatory restrictions and that it has pursued an ambitious domestic program to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. China is unlikely to ag ...
A 1000 year history of atmospheric sulfate concentrations in
... al., 2000], primarily from the increased burning of fossil fuels in India. The 1000-year sulfate record from the Dasuopu ice core provides not only the potential for a history of human pollution in the Himalayan region, but also the history of pre-industrial, natural sulfate levels which were genera ...
... al., 2000], primarily from the increased burning of fossil fuels in India. The 1000-year sulfate record from the Dasuopu ice core provides not only the potential for a history of human pollution in the Himalayan region, but also the history of pre-industrial, natural sulfate levels which were genera ...
Macedonia: National Climate Vulnerability Assessment
... to European and global community. The frequent extreme weather conditions – rains and flood, heat waves and droughts – reduced snow falls, increased temperatures and rising sea level will increasingly have more and more influence on the livelihood, food production, energy, infrastructure, ecosystems ...
... to European and global community. The frequent extreme weather conditions – rains and flood, heat waves and droughts – reduced snow falls, increased temperatures and rising sea level will increasingly have more and more influence on the livelihood, food production, energy, infrastructure, ecosystems ...
1 - WordPress.com
... deforestation or foment reforestation resulting in sequestered GHGs above a “business as usual” (BAU) baseline.21 Tropical deforestation accounts for about 15-20% of GHG emissions, a greater contribution than all forms of transport combined, and equal to the annual emissions of China or the United S ...
... deforestation or foment reforestation resulting in sequestered GHGs above a “business as usual” (BAU) baseline.21 Tropical deforestation accounts for about 15-20% of GHG emissions, a greater contribution than all forms of transport combined, and equal to the annual emissions of China or the United S ...
No. 1-2014 - Statkraft
... are dependent upon continuity, while it can be tough to start on a new project after many years abroad. This is why we need to establish sound systems, provide people with transitional roles and recruit new employees. These are not new ideas, but they will boost our efforts.” ...
... are dependent upon continuity, while it can be tough to start on a new project after many years abroad. This is why we need to establish sound systems, provide people with transitional roles and recruit new employees. These are not new ideas, but they will boost our efforts.” ...
why every european country needs a coal phase
... There is a huge energy transition underway across the world. Countries are committing to build vast amounts of wind and solar capacity to generate clean electricity. But, in Europe, this has not led to as large a fall in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as many had forecast. This report highlights tha ...
... There is a huge energy transition underway across the world. Countries are committing to build vast amounts of wind and solar capacity to generate clean electricity. But, in Europe, this has not led to as large a fall in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as many had forecast. This report highlights tha ...
The Value of Linking Mitigation and Adaptation: A Case Study of
... climate policy frameworks. Correspondingly, the UNFCCC treats adaptation in the narrowest sense, as an issue of climate change, with adaptation actions limited to changes that are proven to be anthropogenic (Pielke and others 2007). However, given that environmental vulnerability is derived largely ...
... climate policy frameworks. Correspondingly, the UNFCCC treats adaptation in the narrowest sense, as an issue of climate change, with adaptation actions limited to changes that are proven to be anthropogenic (Pielke and others 2007). However, given that environmental vulnerability is derived largely ...
Why every european country needs a coal phase-out
... There is a huge energy transition underway across the world. Countries are committing to build vast amounts of wind and solar capacity to generate clean electricity. But, in Europe, this has not led to as large a fall in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as many had forecast. This report highlights tha ...
... There is a huge energy transition underway across the world. Countries are committing to build vast amounts of wind and solar capacity to generate clean electricity. But, in Europe, this has not led to as large a fall in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as many had forecast. This report highlights tha ...
Republic of Gambia, Initial National Communication
... 2.6.2.2: Methane emissions from wastewater produced in the domestic and commercial sectors 2.6.2.3: Methane emissions from wastewater produced in the industrial sector 2.6.2.4: Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from human sewage 2.6.3: Conclusions and recommendations References ...
... 2.6.2.2: Methane emissions from wastewater produced in the domestic and commercial sectors 2.6.2.3: Methane emissions from wastewater produced in the industrial sector 2.6.2.4: Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from human sewage 2.6.3: Conclusions and recommendations References ...
Resilient Buffalo Niagara
... Resilient Buffalo Niagara Strategies to Respond to Climate Change This strategy document provides a broad policy framework for responding to the existing and anticipated impacts of climatic change already underway across the Buffalo-Niagara region. Effective climate change response primarily require ...
... Resilient Buffalo Niagara Strategies to Respond to Climate Change This strategy document provides a broad policy framework for responding to the existing and anticipated impacts of climatic change already underway across the Buffalo-Niagara region. Effective climate change response primarily require ...
Climate Change Youth Guide to Action
... wanted for your children and then to go out and create it. We urged that you stand united on this critical, potentially devastating, issue. These messages and our commitments to be part of the solution have not changed. Talking about my future and my children’s future will never get old. You have th ...
... wanted for your children and then to go out and create it. We urged that you stand united on this critical, potentially devastating, issue. These messages and our commitments to be part of the solution have not changed. Talking about my future and my children’s future will never get old. You have th ...
egypt third national communication
... Climate change is now considered as one of the greatest challenges not only to the national and regional governments but also to the global community. The international scientific community has proven that global warming of the climatic system is unequivocal. As a result of global climatic disorder ...
... Climate change is now considered as one of the greatest challenges not only to the national and regional governments but also to the global community. The international scientific community has proven that global warming of the climatic system is unequivocal. As a result of global climatic disorder ...
[full text]
... international climate regime, motivates our exploration of issues that could be relevant to the Parties to the ozone regime (the 1985 Vienna Convention and its 1987 Montreal Protocol) should they decide to take measures to manage N2O in the future. There are clear legal avenues to regulate N2O under ...
... international climate regime, motivates our exploration of issues that could be relevant to the Parties to the ozone regime (the 1985 Vienna Convention and its 1987 Montreal Protocol) should they decide to take measures to manage N2O in the future. There are clear legal avenues to regulate N2O under ...
Trade And Climate Change - WTO-UNEP Report
... compelling. Based on a review of thousands of scientific publications, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the warming of the Earth’s climate system is “unequivocal”, and that human activities are “very likely” the cause of this warming. It is estimated that, over ...
... compelling. Based on a review of thousands of scientific publications, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the warming of the Earth’s climate system is “unequivocal”, and that human activities are “very likely” the cause of this warming. It is estimated that, over ...
Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... A range of scholars and policy advocates have proposed formulaic (or ‘top-down’) approaches for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the ...
... A range of scholars and policy advocates have proposed formulaic (or ‘top-down’) approaches for calculating countries’ fair shares of the global effort to mitigate climate change. The practical relevance of top-down proposals has become increasingly uncertain as climate change negotiations since the ...
Southern New Hampshire
... (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes how the climate of southern New Hampshire has changed over the past century and how the future clim ...
... (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes how the climate of southern New Hampshire has changed over the past century and how the future clim ...
Climate Change in Southern New Hampshire
... (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes how the climate of southern New Hampshire has changed over the past century and how the future clim ...
... (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes how the climate of southern New Hampshire has changed over the past century and how the future clim ...
BVOCs emission in a semi-arid grassland under climate warming
... where A. frigida will greatly expand in future, might be an important BVOCs source. At the regional scale, the emission potential of BVOCs is controlled by temperature and species composition (Arneth et al., 2008; Peñuelas and Staudt, 2010), which are greatly affected by global warming and nitrogen ...
... where A. frigida will greatly expand in future, might be an important BVOCs source. At the regional scale, the emission potential of BVOCs is controlled by temperature and species composition (Arneth et al., 2008; Peñuelas and Staudt, 2010), which are greatly affected by global warming and nitrogen ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of underlying evidence and agreement. In many cases, a synthesis of evidence and agreement supports an assignment of confidence. The summary terms for evidence are: limited, medium, or robust. For agreement, they are low, medium, or high. A level of confiden ...
... Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of underlying evidence and agreement. In many cases, a synthesis of evidence and agreement supports an assignment of confidence. The summary terms for evidence are: limited, medium, or robust. For agreement, they are low, medium, or high. A level of confiden ...
Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda
... codes. This section reviews how cities take decisions in this critical but difficult sector. The reasons for lack of action are discussed along with what actions could be taken to enhance the interests of cities in the green agenda. The chapter reviews traditional ways to finance green investments i ...
... codes. This section reviews how cities take decisions in this critical but difficult sector. The reasons for lack of action are discussed along with what actions could be taken to enhance the interests of cities in the green agenda. The chapter reviews traditional ways to finance green investments i ...
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
... an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as other evaluated components of anthropogenic climate forcing. Nonethel ...
... an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as other evaluated components of anthropogenic climate forcing. Nonethel ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.